{"id":10144,"date":"2014-12-01T12:34:34","date_gmt":"2014-12-01T10:34:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=10144"},"modified":"2018-04-20T12:57:37","modified_gmt":"2018-04-20T09:57:37","slug":"tarihoncesi-atalarimizin-gundelik-hayati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2014\/12\/01\/tarihoncesi-atalarimizin-gundelik-hayati","title":{"rendered":"Tarih\u00f6ncesi atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131 ve onun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz uygarl\u0131k bir anda olu\u015fmad\u0131; milyonlarca y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrecin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc. Devlet, \u015fehir, yaz\u0131, tar\u0131m, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, yerle\u015fik ya\u015fam gibi sadece insana \u00f6zg\u00fc olgular\u0131n\/kurumlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, insan\u0131n uzun ge\u00e7mi\u015finin i\u00e7inde daha d\u00fcn hatta bir-iki saat \u00f6ncesidir. Yine yaln\u0131zca insana \u00f6zg\u00fc olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme, alet yapma, konu\u015fma, ticaret, din, sanat vb.\u2019nin k\u00f6keni de ayn\u0131 uzak ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yatar. Bu y\u00fczden e\u011fer t\u00fcm sosyal bilimlerin temelinde yatan \u201c\u0130nsan nedir?\u201d sorusuna doyurucu bir cevap aranacaksa, mutlaka bu uzak ge\u00e7mi\u015fi de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmak gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>En az 6 milyon y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren (ve halen devam eden) \u201cinsanla\u015fma\u201d s\u00fcrecine dair bilgimiz \u00e7ok fazla de\u011fil. Jeolojik katmanlar aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f iskelet par\u00e7alar\u0131, birka\u00e7 yontukla \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f ta\u015f aletler, \u00fczeri \u00e7iziktirilmi\u015f kemik nesneler, ma\u011fara duvarlar\u0131na yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fczellikteki) resimler ve bu kabilden baz\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, uzak atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n nas\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilecek pek fazla veri yok elimizde. Bu insanlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcklerini, bir dedektifin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ipucundan yola \u00e7\u0131karak cinayeti \u00e7\u00f6zmesi gibi, az say\u0131daki kal\u0131nt\u0131lardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak anlayabiliyoruz. Maddi unsurlara yans\u0131mayan ya da \u00e7ok az yans\u0131yan sosyal ya\u015fam, inan\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131, psikoloji gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klarda ise yaln\u0131zca varsay\u0131mlarda (spek\u00fclasyonlarda) bulunabiliyoruz.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsano\u011flu milyonlarca y\u0131l boyunca avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131 ve g\u00f6\u00e7ebe bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ta ki yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu\u2019da ya\u015fayan topluluklar yerle\u015fik ya\u015fama ge\u00e7ip, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k (\u00e7ift\u00e7ilik) yapmaya ba\u015flay\u0131ncaya kadar. Bu yeni ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi, avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131 ve g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ya\u015fama g\u00f6re daha zor ve maliyetli olsa da uzun vadede art\u0131-\u00fcr\u00fcn birikimine ve n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak, bu geli\u015fmeler de milyonlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131 gruplar\u0131n tedricen ortadan kalkmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanacakt\u0131. Bug\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca Afrika, Avustralya ve Amerika\u2019n\u0131n tar\u0131ma ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa elveri\u015fli olmayan b\u00f6lgelerinde baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck topluluklar bu ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Gerek halen ya\u015fayan bu topluluklara, gerekse de \u00e7ift\u00e7i ya\u015fam taraf\u0131ndan modern zamanlarda bir \u015fekilde yok edilmi\u015f olanlar\u0131na dair, antropolojide hacimli bir literat\u00fcr mevcut.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10150\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10150\" style=\"width: 237px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10150 \" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/arsebuk-250x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"237\" height=\"284\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10150\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">G\u00fcven Arseb\u00fck, Foto\u011fraf: \u0130\u00dc Prehistorya B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ar\u015fivi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi arkeoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn prehistorya anabilim dal\u0131 emekli \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinden G\u00fcven Arseb\u00fck, hem bu literat\u00fcrden, hem de uzak ge\u00e7mi\u015fte benzer tekno-sosyal a\u015famada ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f insanlardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan kal\u0131nt\u0131lardan faydalanarak, milyonlarca y\u0131l \u00f6nceki atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcndelik ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcklerine dair d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131, son kitab\u0131 <em>\u201cGe\u00e7mi\u015fe Do\u011fru Bir Bak\u0131\u015f\u201d<\/em>ta bir araya getirmi\u015f. Arseb\u00fck g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131, ekonomik ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi, sosyal ya\u015fam, lisan ve inan\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klara ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Her bir ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda, insan\u0131n evrim s\u00fcrecinde belli ba\u015fl\u0131 a\u015famalar\u0131 temsil eden <em>Homo habilis<\/em>, <em>Homo erectus<\/em>, <em>Neandertal<\/em>, <em>Homo sapiens<\/em> gibi t\u00fcrlerin, beslenme, ileti\u015fim, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 anlamland\u0131rma gibi sorunlara nas\u0131l \u00e7areler \u00fcrettiklerini ya da \u00fcretmi\u015f olabileceklerini tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>Uzak atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ya\u015fam m\u00fccadelesinde ayakta kalma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 okurken, insan ister istemez kendi d\u00fcnyas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131yor. \u00c7ok farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlere, gelenek-g\u00f6reneklere, fiziksel \u00f6zelliklere sahip olsak da neticede hepimiz do\u011fan\u0131n s\u0131radan bir \u00fcyesi ve insan\u0131z. Ve asl\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 sildi\u011fimiz zaman, ne milyonlarca y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f uzak bir atam\u0131zdan ne de bizden binlerce kilometre uzakta ya\u015fayan bir \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdan fark\u0131m\u0131z yok.<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8211; Ge\u00e7mi\u015fe Do\u011fru Bir Bak\u0131\u015f, Fosil \u0130nsan\u0131n G\u00fcndelik Ya\u015fam\u0131ndan Baz\u0131 Kesitler, G\u00fcven Arseb\u00fck, Ege Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2014, 60 s.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131 ve onun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz uygarl\u0131k bir anda olu\u015fmad\u0131; milyonlarca y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrecin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc. Devlet, \u015fehir, yaz\u0131, tar\u0131m, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, yerle\u015fik ya\u015fam gibi sadece insana \u00f6zg\u00fc olgular\u0131n\/kurumlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, insan\u0131n uzun ge\u00e7mi\u015finin i\u00e7inde daha d\u00fcn hatta bir-iki saat \u00f6ncesidir. Yine yaln\u0131zca insana \u00f6zg\u00fc olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme, alet yapma, konu\u015fma, ticaret, din, sanat vb.\u2019nin k\u00f6keni de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":23843,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[167,211,511],"tags":[210,668],"class_list":["post-10144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-130-sayi","category-antropoloji","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-kitap","tag-yayin-dunyasi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10144","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/419"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10144"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10144\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23843"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}