{"id":10185,"date":"2014-12-01T13:36:43","date_gmt":"2014-12-01T11:36:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=10185"},"modified":"2018-04-20T12:47:02","modified_gmt":"2018-04-20T09:47:02","slug":"muhendislikte-meslek-ahlaki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2014\/12\/01\/muhendislikte-meslek-ahlaki","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fchendislikte Meslek Ahl\u00e2k\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cNeden namuslu olay\u0131m? Nas\u0131l olsa \u00f6l\u00fcp gidece\u011fim. \/ Neden namuslu olmay\u0131m? Nas\u0131l olsa \u00f6l\u00fcp gidece\u011fim.\u201d (Attila Josef, \u00c7ev. Edit Tasnadi). Yazar, \u00e7evirmen \u00dclk\u00fcn Tansel M\u00fchendislikte Meslek Ahl\u00e2k\u0131<\/em> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 Attila Josef\u2019in bu derinlikli dizeleriyle ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn ge\u00e7miyor ki k\u0131y\u0131mlara tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmeyelim. \u0130\u015fte en yenisi, dillendirilmesi bile \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 olan Soma K\u0131y\u0131m\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan Ermenek K\u0131y\u0131m\u0131. M\u00fchendislik meslek ahlak\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edili\u015finin k\u0131y\u0131mdaki pay\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k. Halk\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle alt\u0131n i\u015flenmesi, yap\u0131lar\u0131n, k\u00f6pr\u00fclerin \u00e7\u00f6kmesi, \u00a0k\u00f6m\u00fcr ocaklar\u0131nda, yerin y\u00fczlerce metre alt\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kavrulmas\u0131, canlar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmesi, kan\u0131ksanmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131z olaylard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Koylar doldurularak, burunlar kesilerek, dere yataklar\u0131 yok edilerek, yaya ve \u00e7evre haklar\u0131 hi\u00e7e say\u0131larak kilometrelerce otoyol yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Dere yata\u011f\u0131na yap\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcn depolar\u0131n\u0131, konutlar\u0131 sel bas\u0131yor. Yaslan\u0131lan balkon korkulu\u011funun k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle metrelerce y\u00fcksekten d\u00fc\u015fen insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitiriyor. Asans\u00f6rler yere \u00e7ak\u0131l\u0131yor. Olaylar o de\u011fin \u00e7ok ki\u2026 Ku\u015fkusuz s\u00f6zkonusu somut durum \u00fczerine ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulunmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

\u00dclk\u00fcn Tansel e\u011fitimi ba\u015far\u0131larla dolu, mesle\u011finin toplumsal sorumluluk yan\u0131na da g\u00f6n\u00fclden ba\u011fl\u0131 bir maden m\u00fchendisidir. Alan\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revlerde bulunmu\u015f olan Tansel, dupduru, \u00f6zenli T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilimsel, yaz\u0131nsal \u00e7evirilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana ODT\u00dc Maden M\u00fchendisli\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde M\u00fchendislik Ahlak\u0131 dersi vermektedir.<\/p>\n

Platon\u2019un, Aristoteles\u2019in toplumsal ahlak \u00fczerinden yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, Epik\u00fcros\u2019la ayr\u0131 bir boyut kazan\u0131r. Mutluluk, erdem, haz kavramlar\u0131na yan\u0131t aramaya y\u00f6nelir. Antik d\u00f6nemin toplam\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze yans\u0131yan ise bilginin \u00f6nemseni\u015fidir. Buna g\u00f6re, insan bilgilendik\u00e7e erdemli, do\u011fru, iyi davran\u0131r; ki\u015fisel \u00e7\u0131kar ard\u0131nda olmaz (ke\u015fke ger\u00e7ek olsayd\u0131). Erdem iyi, do\u011fru gibi kavramlar\u0131n, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclebilecek, g\u00f6rece kavramlar oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki sav bir yere kadar ge\u00e7erlidir. S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 nesnel d\u00fcnyaya uygun belirlenmezse yanl\u0131\u015f yerlere g\u00f6t\u00fcrme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek bir savd\u0131r. An\u0131lan kavramlara dayan\u0131lmadan, sava\u015flara, \u00f6ld\u00fcrmelere, k\u0131y\u0131mlara, \u00e7evre, kad\u0131n, s\u0131n\u0131f, emek, ba\u011fnazl\u0131k, t\u00f6re sorunlar\u0131na da kar\u015f\u0131 olunamayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir ger\u00e7ektir. \u00dclk\u00fcn Tansel, tarihsel, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel birikimi i\u00e7eren bir y\u00f6ntemle kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131nda ya\u015famsal \u00f6nemdeki m\u00fchendislik alan\u0131n\u0131n ahlak sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek olaylar, g\u00fcncel d\u00fczlemde ya\u015fananlar, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n insanl\u0131k durumlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden derinli\u011fine irdeliyor.<\/p>\n

M\u00fchendislik, alan\u0131nda \u00e7ok iyi olmay\u0131 gerektiren, bo\u015fluk, yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k kald\u0131rmayan bir ussal meslektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kurallar\u0131na, bilimsel ko\u015fullar\u0131na uymaman\u0131n, onu kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flamaya arac\u0131 k\u0131lman\u0131n, yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 olur. Bu noktada, bilgisizlik nedenli yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fchendislikte ahlaksal sorun belirgin bi\u00e7imde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

Ahlaksal olan genellikle toplumcudur, toplumsal sorumlulukla ili\u015fkilidir. Ahlakd\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise ki\u015fisel \u00e7\u0131kara, k\u00e2r h\u0131rs\u0131na y\u00f6neliktir; bunu \u00f6rt\u00fck ya da a\u00e7\u0131k benimser, onaylar. Ba\u015fat olarak m\u00fchendislik gibi ya\u015famsal alanlar, ahlaksal sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 tam anlam\u0131yla yerine getirebilmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131 gereksinir. Di\u011fer deyimle kararlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde alabilmeli, uygulayabilmeli, denetleyebilmeli, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilmelidir. Belirtilen gereklilik ise m\u00fchendislerin ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131<\/strong><\/em> da zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Buradan \u015fu \u00e7\u0131karsamada bulunmak olanakl\u0131d\u0131r: M\u00fchendislerin meslek ahlak\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131nda, vah\u015fi denebilecek anamalc\u0131 d\u00fczen ili\u015fkilerinin, \u00f6zellikle son otuz y\u0131lda ivmesi artan, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 k\u00e2r en\u00e7okla\u015ft\u0131rma(maksimizasyon) amac\u0131; ayn\u0131 zamanda m\u00fchendisin ge\u00e7imini de ayn\u0131 anamalc\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerden sa\u011flamak zorunda kalmas\u0131 yatmaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6zkonusu \u00e7eli\u015fkili, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ili\u015fkiler yer yer m\u00fchendisin de yarar ummas\u0131yla, daha \u015fiddetlenmekte, ayr\u0131ca kimlik, ki\u015filik b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesine, anlam sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yabanc\u0131la\u015fma sorunlar\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dclk\u00fcn Tansel\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bu sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek i\u00e7in faydac\u0131l\u0131k<\/em>, bireye sayg\u0131<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131yla dillendirilen yakla\u015f\u0131mlardan s\u00f6z edilse bile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm y\u00f6n\u00fcnde sonu\u00e7 almak kolay de\u011fil. Faydac\u0131l\u0131k yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kuramc\u0131s\u0131 John Stuart Mill\u2019e g\u00f6re \u201cFayda\u2019n\u0131n en genel tan\u0131m\u0131 \u2018mutluluk\u2019tur. Faydac\u0131l\u0131k do\u011fru eylemin belirli bir durumda en \u00e7ok say\u0131daki insana en b\u00fcy\u00fck mutluluk \/ yarar sa\u011flayan eylem oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler bize. Faydac\u0131l\u0131k ilkesinin kuramc\u0131lar\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck say\u0131da insan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck mutlulu\u011fu yakalamas\u0131 i\u00e7in en az iki ko\u015fulun gerekli oldu\u011funda anla\u015f\u0131rlar: \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve iyi olma hali. <\/em>\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck tercihlerimizin ard\u0131nda ko\u015farken, zor g\u00f6rmeden se\u00e7im yapabilme yetene\u011fidir. Ya\u015fama ili\u015fkin temel kararlar\u0131 al\u0131rken ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir bu. \u0130yilik hali<\/em> \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten etkili bir bi\u00e7imde yararlanabilmek i\u00e7in gerekli ko\u015fullar dizisidir. Bu ko\u015fullar sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olma, belli bir maddi varl\u0131\u011fa (yiyecek, konut) sahip olma, e\u011fitim g\u00f6rme gibi etmenleri i\u00e7erir.\u201d(s. 66). Bireye sayg\u0131<\/em> kuram\u0131n\u0131n ise b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Immanuel Kant\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. \u201cKant\u2019a g\u00f6re do\u011fru eylem, bir dizi g\u00f6revin gerektirdi\u011fi bi\u00e7imde davranmakt\u0131r. \u2026Bir eylemin g\u00f6revimiz olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 ko\u015ful aranmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Bireye sayg\u0131 belirtilmelidir. \u0130nsanlara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermek demek, onlara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6revlerimizi yerine getirmektir. Ki\u015finin kendisine sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermesiyse kendine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rev, se\u00e7im yapabilme durumundaki \u00f6zerk birey i\u00e7in ko\u015fulsuz bir buyru\u011fu belirtmelidir. Ahlaksal buyruklar, istesek de istemesek de \u2018e\u011fer\u2019siz, \u2018ama\u2019s\u0131z yerine getirmemiz zorunlu buyruklard\u0131r.\u201d(s. 73) Bireye sayg\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda bireyin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumsal g\u00f6nencin \u00f6n\u00fcnde gelir. Toplumsal g\u00f6nen\u00e7 artacak diye birey sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemez.<\/p>\n

\u00dclk\u00fcn Tansel yap\u0131t\u0131nda, 1854 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131z\u0131lderili \u015fef Seattle\u2019\u0131n, \u00e7evre \u00fczerine en i\u00e7ten sesleni\u015flerden say\u0131lan yaz\u0131s\u0131na, ABD Profesyonel M\u00fchendisler Ulusal Derne\u011fince Belirlenmi\u015f Mesleksel Ahlak \u0130lkeleri gibi belgelere yer verirken, ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011fretici olaylar\u0131 da yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. William Johansson ile Lars Edman\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u201cBlybarnen\u201d (Kur\u015fun \u00c7ocuklar- Zehirli \u00c7ocuk Bah\u00e7esi) adl\u0131 \u0130sve\u00e7 belgeseline konu olan olay da bunlardan biri. 1980\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131nda \u0130sve\u00e7\u2019in Boliden Metall adl\u0131 firmas\u0131 \u015eili\u2019nin Arica kentine 20.000 ton zehirli at\u0131k g\u00f6nderir. \u0130zleyen on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcyen kent devasa at\u0131k y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131na dayan\u0131r. At\u0131kta en zararl\u0131 elementler vard\u0131r: Nikel, kur\u015fun, arsenik, selenyum, civa, kadmiyum\u2026 B\u00f6lge halk\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hastal\u0131klarla bo\u011fu\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. Boliden Metall\u2019\u0131n anla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Promel adl\u0131 \u015eili firmas\u0131, para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u00f6zkonusu at\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleyecekti. Ne ki hi\u00e7bir zaman i\u015flemedi. Boliden Metall\u2019\u0131n bulundu\u011fu R\u00f6nnskar\u2019da en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi 70\u2019lerde,\u00a0 ve 80\u2019lerde ya\u015fan\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler alabildi\u011fine \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eili\u2019de d\u00f6nem darbeci General Pinochet d\u00f6nemidir. At\u0131klar\u0131n \u015eili\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmesiyle ilgili belgelerde onun adamlar\u0131n\u0131n da imzas\u0131 vard\u0131r. At\u0131ktan etkilenen insanlar parasal giderim(tazminat) iste\u011fiyle, \u015eili devletine, sa\u011fl\u0131k bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 dava a\u00e7arlar. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda karara ba\u011flanan dava sonucunda 353 ki\u015fiye, ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 12.000 USD giderim \u00f6denir. Boliden ise ayn\u0131 y\u0131l 464,4 milyon USD k\u00e2r eder. Dava s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u00fcm mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elinden \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 nedeniyle Promel\u2019den hi\u00e7bir \u015fey al\u0131namaz.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi gibi, benzer olaylar pek \u00e7oktur. Art\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131 katlan\u0131lmaz bir uygulay\u0131mbilim(teknoloji) y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131d\u0131r. Gidi\u015f h\u0131zla dibe do\u011frudur. Trafik \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda durdu\u011fu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ara\u00e7taki t\u00fcm elektronik ayg\u0131tlardaki (silinmi\u015f dosyalar bile i\u00e7inde olmak \u00fczere) bilgilerin kopyalan\u0131p al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131; saklan\u0131p gelecekte ilgili ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 kullanmak amac\u0131yla belgele\u015ftirildi\u011fi, biriktirildi\u011fi izleme, izlenme ko\u015fullar\u0131nda hangi erdemden, g\u00f6nen\u00e7ten, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel geli\u015fimden s\u00f6z edilebilir. Ku\u015fkusuz an\u0131lan yak\u0131c\u0131 ko\u015fullar m\u00fchendisin ahlakl\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n <\/strong>\u00f6nemini daha da art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yeni Soma K\u0131y\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n, Ermenek K\u0131y\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bilimin ve ahlak\u0131n ilkeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, ya\u015famak gerekir.<\/p>\n

– M\u00fchendislikte Meslek Ahl\u00e2k\u0131,\u00dclk\u00fcn Tansel, ODT\u00dc Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2013, 172 s.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cNeden namuslu olay\u0131m? Nas\u0131l olsa \u00f6l\u00fcp gidece\u011fim. \/ Neden namuslu olmay\u0131m? Nas\u0131l olsa \u00f6l\u00fcp gidece\u011fim.\u201d (Attila Josef, \u00c7ev. Edit Tasnadi). Yazar, \u00e7evirmen \u00dclk\u00fcn Tansel M\u00fchendislikte Meslek Ahl\u00e2k\u0131 adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 Attila Josef\u2019in bu derinlikli dizeleriyle ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f. G\u00fcn ge\u00e7miyor ki k\u0131y\u0131mlara tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmeyelim. \u0130\u015fte en yenisi, dillendirilmesi bile \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 olan Soma K\u0131y\u0131m\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan Ermenek K\u0131y\u0131m\u0131. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":613,"featured_media":23833,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[167,669,511],"tags":[342,668],"class_list":["post-10185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-130-sayi","category-etik","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-muhendislik","tag-yayin-dunyasi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t