{"id":10245,"date":"2010-02-01T09:39:11","date_gmt":"2010-02-01T07:39:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=10245"},"modified":"2017-05-25T09:40:39","modified_gmt":"2017-05-25T06:40:39","slug":"atalarimiz-denizci-olabilirler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2010\/02\/01\/atalarimiz-denizci-olabilirler","title":{"rendered":"Atalar\u0131m\u0131z denizci olabilirler"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebilmek i\u00e7in Afrika\u2019dan binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce ayr\u0131lan insan atalar\u0131, kara sakinleri de\u011fillerdi. Rhode Island\u2019daki Providence Koleji\u2019nden arkeolog Thomas Strasser, Akdeniz\u2019deki Girit Adas\u0131\u2019nda yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ta\u015f el baltalar\u0131n\u0131n, eski bir Homo<\/em> t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn -muhtemelen Homo erectus<\/em>– sallar ya da deniz \u00fczerinde yol alabilen ba\u015fka vas\u0131talarla Kuzey Afrika\u2019dan Avrupa\u2019ya bu k\u0131talar\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki daha b\u00fcy\u00fck adalar\u0131 kullanarak ge\u00e7tiklerini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Amerikan Arkeoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 7 Ocak\u2019taki y\u0131ll\u0131k toplant\u0131s\u0131nda Strasser, Girit\u2019in g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan 9 kaz\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 130 bin y\u0131l ve olas\u0131l\u0131kla daha da erken d\u00f6neme ait bir\u00e7ok \u00e7ift a\u011f\u0131zl\u0131 kesme aletinin bulundu\u011funu bildirmi\u015fti. Strasser\u2019e g\u00f6re, bu buluntular\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu H.erectus<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan 800 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Afrika\u2019da \u015fekil verilmi\u015f olan el baltalar\u0131 ile yak\u0131n benzerlik g\u00f6stermekteydi. H.erectus<\/em>, s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen zamanda Afrika\u2019dan Asya ve Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdiye kadar Girit\u2019teki en eski insan yerle\u015fimi yakla\u015f\u0131k 9 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine tarihleniyordu. Kabul edilen teorilere g\u00f6re, o tarihlerde G\u00fcney Avrupa ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki erken \u00e7ift\u00e7i gruplar\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle Girit\u2019e sonra da di\u011fer Akdeniz adalar\u0131na teknelerle deniz yolculu\u011fu yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Strasser, \u201c\u0130nsans\u0131lar\u0131n Afrika\u2019y\u0131 terk eder terk etmez uzun yol denizcileri olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya \u00fczerine h\u0131zl\u0131ca yay\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmek zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131z.\u201d diyor. Geleneksel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, insans\u0131lar\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle H.erectus<\/em>\u2019un Afrika\u2019y\u0131 Ortado\u011fu \u00fczerinden Avrupa ve Asya\u2019ya uzanan kara g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131 ile terk ettikleri \u015feklinde. Di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ise tart\u0131\u015fmaya yol a\u00e7acak \u015fekilde, H.erectus<\/em>\u2019un yakla\u015f\u0131k 800 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Endonezya \u00e7evresinde sallarla deniz \u00fczerinde k\u0131sa mesafeli yolculuklar yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve Neandertaller\u2019in yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Cebelitar\u0131k Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ge\u00e7tiklerini iddia etmekteler.<\/p>\n

Tampa\u2019daki G\u00fcney Florida \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden arkeolog Robert Tykot, Afrikal\u0131 insans\u0131lar\u0131n Girit\u2019i Avrupa\u2019ya ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in bir basamak olarak kullan\u0131p kullanmad\u0131klar\u0131 ya da televizyon dizisi Gilligan Adas\u0131 senaryosunda oldu\u011fu gibi, k\u0131sa mesafeli sallar\u0131n\u0131n kaza sonucu par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla Girit\u2019e ula\u015f\u0131p ula\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 sorular bulundu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor ve ekliyor: \u201cSadece ge\u00e7en on y\u0131l, insano\u011flunun Girit\u2019e 6 bin y\u0131ldan \u00f6nce ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara sahipti.\u201d<\/p>\n

Strasser\u2019in tak\u0131m\u0131, ne zaman ya da ni\u00e7in insans\u0131lar\u0131n Girit\u2019e yolculuk yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu an kesin olarak belirtemiyor. Strasser\u2019e g\u00f6re, adada bulunan \u00e7ok say\u0131da el baltas\u0131, Gilligan Adas\u0131 senaryosunu ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lacak bi\u00e7imde az\u0131msanmayacak say\u0131daki bir pop\u00fclasyonun adada bulunmu\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

2008 ve 2009 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Girit\u2019in g\u00fcney bat\u0131 sahiline yak\u0131n yerlerdeki kaz\u0131 alanlar\u0131nda, Strasser\u2019in tak\u0131m\u0131 ta\u015f kalkanlar ve ma\u011faralarda da el baltalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131lar. Bu kaz\u0131 alanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu Preveli Gorge denen, kaya \u00e7\u00f6kelti katmanlar\u0131ndan s\u0131zan bir nehrin bulundu\u011fu alanda konu\u015flanm\u0131\u015f durumdalar.<\/p>\n

Preveli Gorge\u2019de Akdeniz\u2019i y\u00fcksekten g\u00f6ren bir kaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 boyunca uzanan d\u00f6rt y\u00fcksek d\u00fczl\u00fckten Ta\u015f Devri\u2019ne ait insan yap\u0131m\u0131 malzemeler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tektonik aktivite, Girit\u2019te eski yer katman\u0131n\u0131 daha gen\u00e7 olan\u0131n \u00fczerine itti\u011finden, en \u00fcstte bulunan d\u00fczl\u00fckte 130 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k malzemelerin g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Di\u011fer d\u00fczl\u00fcklerin ya\u015flar\u0131 ise 110 bin, 80 bin ve 45 bin y\u0131l olarak tespit edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bu minimum ya\u015flar, \u00e7\u00f6kelti olarak ilk insanlara ait malzemenin \u00fczerini \u00f6rten ve ya\u015flar\u0131 bilinen deniz katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 baz alarak saptan\u0131yor. Yerbilimciler \u015fimdilerde Girit\u2019in Ta\u015f Devri alanlar\u0131na kesin tarihlendirme yapabilecek tekniklerin uygulan\u0131p uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiriyorlar.<\/p>\n

Strasser, ilgi \u00e7ekecek \u015fekilde, Girit\u2019te bulunan el baltalar\u0131n\u0131n yerel kuartzdan yap\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131; ancak stil olarak eski Afrika malzemelerinin tipik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7izdiklerini belirtiyor.<\/p>\n

Strasser, insans\u0131lar\u0131n alet yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in bulunduklar\u0131 adada hangi malzeme varsa onu kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve Girit\u2019in di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde de\u011fi\u015fik ta\u015flardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ara\u00e7lar\u0131n bulunabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en 20 y\u0131ldan beri Girit\u2019teki kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neten Strasser, 11 bin y\u0131l ya\u015ftan fazla olmayan sileks yumrular\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ufak ara\u00e7lar aramakta. Ama mevcut grup \u00fcyesi, Boston \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden arkeolog Curtis Runnels, Ta\u015f Devri halk\u0131n\u0131n daha b\u00fcy\u00fck aletleri i\u00e7in kuartz\u0131 tercih edebileceklerini i\u015faret ediyor. Strasser ise bir kere kuartz e\u015fyalar\u0131 aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131nda her \u015feyin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(Kaynak<\/strong>: \u201cAncient hominids may have been seafarers.\u201d, Sciencenews, 2010, vol. 177.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebilmek i\u00e7in Afrika\u2019dan binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce ayr\u0131lan insan atalar\u0131, kara sakinleri de\u011fillerdi. Rhode Island\u2019daki Providence Koleji\u2019nden arkeolog Thomas Strasser, Akdeniz\u2019deki Girit Adas\u0131\u2019nda yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ta\u015f el baltalar\u0131n\u0131n, eski bir Homo t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn -muhtemelen Homo erectus– sallar ya da deniz \u00fczerinde yol alabilen ba\u015fka vas\u0131talarla Kuzey Afrika\u2019dan Avrupa\u2019ya bu k\u0131talar\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki daha […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":794,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[109,20,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-72-sayi","category-arkeoloji","category-bilim-gundemi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t