{"id":10247,"date":"2010-02-01T09:41:11","date_gmt":"2010-02-01T07:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=10247"},"modified":"2017-05-25T09:43:12","modified_gmt":"2017-05-25T06:43:12","slug":"aseksuel-karincalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2010\/02\/01\/aseksuel-karincalar","title":{"rendered":"Aseks\u00fcel kar\u0131ncalar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Teksas ve Brezilyal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bulgular\u0131na g\u00f6re mantarla beslenen bir kar\u0131nca t\u00fcr\u00fc erkek kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan \u00e7o\u011falabiliyor.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok sosyal b\u00f6cek (yabanar\u0131lar\u0131, balar\u0131lar\u0131 ve kar\u0131ncalar) erkekler olmadan g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye al\u0131\u015fk\u0131nd\u0131r. Koloni, steril di\u015filer ve yumurtlama \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan bir krali\u00e7e taraf\u0131ndan idare edilmektedir. Fakat t\u00fcm sosyal b\u00f6cek t\u00fcrleri nihayetinde krali\u00e7eyi d\u00f6llemesi ve t\u00fcr\u00fcn devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in erkek cinsleri de \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n

Teksas ve Brezilyal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bulgular\u0131na g\u00f6re Mycocepurus smithii <\/em>t\u00fcr\u00fc kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n krali\u00e7eleri \u00e7iftle\u015fmeye gerek duymadan \u00e7o\u011falabiliyor ve erkek kar\u0131ncalar da tamamen ortadan kaybolmu\u015f durumda. Teksas \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ekoloji, evrim ve davran\u0131\u015f \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan <\/em>Christian Rabeling\u2019e g\u00f6re aseks\u00fcel olarak \u00e7o\u011falan hayvan t\u00fcrlerine do\u011fada \u00e7ok rastlanm\u0131yor. Aseks\u00fcel t\u00fcrler rekombinasyon ile genlerini kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in mutasyonlara u\u011frama ihtimalleri daha y\u00fcksek ve evrim s\u00fcrecinde t\u00fcr\u00fcn yok olmas\u0131 di\u011fer t\u00fcrlere g\u00f6re daha olas\u0131.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda M. smithii<\/em> t\u00fcr\u00fc kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n tamamen aseks\u00fcel olarak \u00fcredi\u011fi ve herhangi bir stres ko\u015fulunda erkek kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. Bilim insanlar\u0131 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda Brezilya\u2019da toplanan erkek kar\u0131nca t\u00fcrlerinin M. smithii<\/em> t\u00fcr\u00fcne ait olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. E\u011fer erkek kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frulan\u0131rsa bu bize kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n en az\u0131ndan belli d\u00f6nemlerde seks\u00fcel olarak \u00fcredi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Fakat yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar bu erkek kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n seks\u00fcel olarak \u00fcreyen ve yak\u0131n bir akraba olan Mycocepurus obsoletus <\/em>t\u00fcr\u00fcne ait oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu da bize M. smithii <\/em>i\u00e7in erkek kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Rebeling ayr\u0131ca yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, Brezilya\u2019dan toplanan \u00fcretken M. smithii <\/em>krali\u00e7elerinin sperm depolama organlar\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015f oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015ftur.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bunlar ve kar\u0131ncalarla yap\u0131lan \u00f6nceki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar birle\u015ftirildi\u011finde, Kuzey Meksika\u2019dan Brezilya\u2019ya kadar yayg\u0131n olarak bulunan bu kar\u0131nca t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn tamamen aseks\u00fcel oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n tahminlerine g\u00f6re kar\u0131nca t\u00fcr\u00fc ilk olarak bir veya iki milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce evrimle\u015fti. Mantarla beslenen kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n 50 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce evrildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bu kar\u0131nca t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn olduk\u00e7a gen\u00e7 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

(Kaynak<\/strong>: ScienceDaily (2010). Ant Has Given Up Sex Completely, Researchers Confirm. 09.01.2010 tarihinde http:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2009\/08\/090825203339.htm sitesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Teksas ve Brezilyal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bulgular\u0131na g\u00f6re mantarla beslenen bir kar\u0131nca t\u00fcr\u00fc erkek kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan \u00e7o\u011falabiliyor. Bir\u00e7ok sosyal b\u00f6cek (yabanar\u0131lar\u0131, balar\u0131lar\u0131 ve kar\u0131ncalar) erkekler olmadan g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye al\u0131\u015fk\u0131nd\u0131r. Koloni, steril di\u015filer ve yumurtlama \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan bir krali\u00e7e taraf\u0131ndan idare edilmektedir. Fakat t\u00fcm sosyal b\u00f6cek t\u00fcrleri nihayetinde krali\u00e7eyi d\u00f6llemesi ve t\u00fcr\u00fcn devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":776,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[109,19,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-72-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-biyoloji"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/776"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10247"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10247\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}