{"id":10276,"date":"2010-02-01T10:12:55","date_gmt":"2010-02-01T08:12:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=10276"},"modified":"2017-05-25T10:43:06","modified_gmt":"2017-05-25T07:43:06","slug":"and-daglarinin-ardindaki-sosyalizm-ruyasi-sili","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2010\/02\/01\/and-daglarinin-ardindaki-sosyalizm-ruyasi-sili","title":{"rendered":"And Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki sosyalizm r\u00fcyas\u0131: \u015eili"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bir geziden \u00e7ok kendi tarihini, yitimlerini d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr ucunda aramakt\u0131r, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u015eili\u2019ye gitmek. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00fcre\u011fimizden hissederiz ki ha Mahir\u2019dir aln\u0131ndan vurulan Deniz\u2019ini kurtarmak i\u00e7in, ha bedeni par\u00e7alanan Allende\u2019dir halk\u0131 i\u00e7in. \u0130nti \u0130llimani\u2019nin, Violeta Parra\u2019n\u0131n, Victor Jara\u2019n\u0131n ac\u0131 ve gurur dolu ezgilerini anlamak i\u00e7in \u0130spanyolca bilmeye ihtiya\u00e7 yoktur. Bu y\u00fczden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u015eili bir y\u00fcrek at\u0131m\u0131 mesafededir.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Demircan Pusat<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cduyulur ard\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayallerin g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc
\nsinsi bir deprem gibi camlar\u0131 titretmesinden\/<\/p>\n

masas\u0131na gelip gitti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r
\ndaktilosu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmasa da \u015feridinin eskimesinden\/
\ndurdu\u011fu yerde patlamas\u0131 m\u00fcrekkep hokkalar\u0131n\u0131n
\n\u00f6mr\u00fcnce biriktirdi\u011fi sosyalist \u00f6fkesinden\/
\nne kadar yok etse \u00f6l\u00fcm vuru\u015fu g\u00f6klerde yank\u0131lanan
\nkocaman bir y\u00fcrek kal\u0131r \u015fili\u2019nin allende\u2019sinden\u201d
\natilla ilhan<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u015eili ka\u00e7 kilometredir? Ka\u00e7 meridyen vard\u0131r aras\u0131nda; ka\u00e7 \u00fclke s\u0131\u011far o mesafeye ve ka\u00e7 dil, ka\u00e7 k\u00fclt\u00fcr?..<\/p>\n

Hangi kitab\u0131 a\u00e7sam, hangi dili konu\u015fsam \u201cinsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kaderi birdir\u201d diyor. Bizim d\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda t\u00fcm evren kader birli\u011fi etmi\u015f de bir insan kalm\u0131\u015f bu ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda. M\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc? E\u011fer m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse neden b\u00fct\u00fcn fikirler ve kuvvetler evreni taklit ederek geni\u015flemek zorundad\u0131r? B\u00fcy\u00fcmek ve bir a\u011fac\u0131n tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u00e7mas\u0131 gibi par\u00e7alanarak kendini yeniden \u00fcretmek; nereden do\u011fan kanunlard\u0131r bunlar?<\/p>\n

Bir gezi yaz\u0131s\u0131na benzemeyecek bu. Zaten bir geziden \u00e7ok kendi tarihini, yitimlerini d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr ucunda aramakt\u0131r, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u015eili\u2019ye gitmek. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00fcre\u011fimizden hissederiz ki ha Mahir\u2019dir aln\u0131ndan vurulan Deniz\u2019ini kurtarmak i\u00e7in, ha bedeni par\u00e7alanan Allende\u2019dir halk\u0131 i\u00e7in. \u0130nti \u0130llimani\u2019nin, Violeta Parra\u2019n\u0131n, Victor Jara\u2019n\u0131n ac\u0131 ve gurur dolu ezgilerini anlamak i\u00e7in \u0130spanyolca bilmeye ihtiya\u00e7 yoktur. Bu y\u00fczden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u015eili bir y\u00fcrek at\u0131m\u0131 mesafededir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Pinochet: ABD\u2019nin arka bah\u00e7e k\u00f6pe\u011fi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Karma\u015f\u0131k duygularla \u015eili\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti Santiago\u2019ya en yak\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r kenti Mendoza\u2019dan bindi\u011fimiz otob\u00fcsle Andlar\u2019a do\u011fru yol ald\u0131k. Havas\u0131 daima \u0131l\u0131k yaz ak\u015fam\u0131 k\u0131vam\u0131nda olan Mendoza ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek uzaktan seyretti\u011fimiz bu bitimsiz da\u011f dizisine yakla\u015f\u0131rken insan kendine sormadan edemiyor; \u201cacaba nereden bir ge\u00e7it bulup da ge\u00e7ece\u011fiz?\u201d<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en y\u00fcksek ikinci zirvesinin bulundu\u011fu yedi bin metrelik Aconcagua Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6lgesi boyunca s\u0131n\u0131ra do\u011fru t\u0131rmana, k\u0131vr\u0131la yol ald\u0131 otob\u00fcs. Aymara dilinde \u201cd\u00fcnyan\u0131n bitti\u011fi yer\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u015eili\u2019nin en geni\u015f yerinin 240 km, ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n 180 km olmas\u0131 nedeniyle do\u011fru yerden giren i\u00e7in mesafeler k\u0131sad\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131r i\u015flemleri ve otob\u00fcs\u00fcn gayet yava\u015f yol almas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n Mendoza\u2019dan Santiago\u2019ya alt\u0131 saatte var\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00dcstelik otuz pezoya yap\u0131lan bu yolculu\u011fun, g\u00fcn bat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 Andlar\u2019dan inerken izlemek gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hediyesi var.<\/p>\n

\u015eili, ard\u0131 Andlar taraf\u0131ndan kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6n\u00fcnde 5300 km boyunca denizle \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f bir \u00fclke. Buradan sonra gidilebilecek ba\u015fka bir yer bulunmuyor. Yani yerliler bu ismi takmakta hi\u00e7 de haks\u0131z say\u0131lmazlar.<\/p>\n

And zirvesinde bir t\u00fcnelden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p da o al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u201cho\u015f geldiniz\u201d tabelas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce Allende\u2019nin \u00fclkesine ula\u015fman\u0131n h\u00fczn\u00fc ve mutlulu\u011fu sard\u0131 benli\u011fimizi. Pek ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6yleyemem. S\u0131n\u0131rda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00f6revlilerin tavr\u0131 tipik bir askeri rejim havas\u0131ndayd\u0131. Santiago\u2019ya giden yolda ise \u00e7ok say\u0131da askeri birlik dikkatimizi \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n

And yollar\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131kland\u0131rma sistemi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7i\u015flere yaln\u0131z g\u00fcnd\u00fcz izin veriliyor. Ak\u015fam oldu\u011funda Santiago\u2019ya varm\u0131\u015f oluyorsunuz. Recoleta\u2019da uygun fiyatlarda temiz oteller var. Biz de onlardan birine yerle\u015ftik. Alt\u0131 bu\u00e7uk milyonluk \u015fehirde gece oldu mu insanlar evlerine \u00e7ekiliyor. Dikkatimizi ilk \u00e7eken \u015fey bu oldu. G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019ya \u00f6zg\u00fc gece hareketi pek yok burada. \u015eili\u2019liler daha i\u00e7lerine kapal\u0131 ve aileye d\u00f6n\u00fckler. \u00d6yle ki 1990\u2019a kadar yasal olarak \u201cbo\u015fanma\u201d hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fclkeydi buras\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci dikkatimizi \u00e7eken \u015fey ise gecenin o saatinde bile insanlar\u0131n bize yer ayarlamak i\u00e7in \u00e7abalamalar\u0131yd\u0131. \u015eili\u2019lilerin o ilk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fteki al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131k Latin \u201cyak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u201d davranmayan ama daha yard\u0131msever ve sorumluluk duygusuna sahip insanlar oldu\u011funu ilerleyen g\u00fcnlerde anlad\u0131k.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Darbe mi dediniz?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn ayd\u0131nland\u0131. Sabah sekizde Plaza de Armas\u2019dayd\u0131k. Kalabal\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a \u00fcniformal\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131nda da ciddi bir art\u0131\u015f oldu. \u0130ki saat i\u00e7inde tuhaf bir haki rengin t\u00fcm meydan\u0131 i\u015fgaline tan\u0131k olduk.<\/p>\n

Diyorlar ki, aradan 37 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015f, 20 y\u0131l \u00f6nce asker iktidar\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcstelik 20 senedir de bu memleketi \u201csosyalistler\u201d y\u00f6netiyorken; ne darbesi can\u0131m! Hatta okuyoruz gazetelerden, ba\u015fl\u0131klar at\u0131l\u0131yor: \u201c\u015eili Darbecilerini Yarg\u0131l\u0131yor\u201d. Kimi yarg\u0131lam\u0131\u015f, ne ceza vermi\u015f belli de\u011fil. Evet g\u00f6rd\u00fck: \u201cSosyalist\u201d Bachelet generallerin yan\u0131nda \u015firin k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok g\u00fczel oynuyordu. \u0130nanmayan buyursun Santiago\u2019ya trafik polisinden zab\u0131taya kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6revlilerin ordu mensubu oldu\u011fu, her \u015feyin ordu taraf\u0131ndan denetlendi\u011fi \u015eili\u2019nin muhte\u015fem kapitalizmini g\u00f6rs\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Yeri gelmi\u015fken s\u00f6yleyelim, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de darbecilerin yarg\u0131lanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve baz\u0131 Latin \u00fclkelerinde darbecilerle aslanlar gibi hesapla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 do\u011fru de\u011fildir. S\u00f6z konusu yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n en kapsaml\u0131s\u0131 Arjantin\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00dcstelik bu Arjantin ordusunun Malvinas\u2019da \u0130ngilizler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda peri\u015fan oldu\u011fu ko\u015fullarda yani ordunun hiyerar\u015fik d\u00fczeninin bozuldu\u011fu, moralinin \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7lar\u0131 kapatabilecek piyasa mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 kuramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve en \u00f6nemlisi emperyalist destekten tamamen yoksun oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 da san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u201csol\u201d bir kanat de\u011fil d\u00fcped\u00fcz Reagan\u2019c\u0131 bir neo-liberal olan Alfonsin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Tutuklanan askerler Donanman\u0131n misafirhanelerinde konuk edilmi\u015f, be\u015f sene sonra da Peronist Menem iktidar\u0131nda hepsi serbest kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu da yetmemi\u015f en az be\u015f bin Arjantinli devrimcinin katlinden sorumlu ve onlar\u0131n annelerini bile kaybetme al\u00e7akl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterecek kadar al\u00e7ak bir fa\u015fist olan Binba\u015f\u0131 Astiz mensubu oldu\u011fu orduya d\u00f6nebilmi\u015ftir (Bkz. Bilim Gelecek Kas\u0131m say\u0131s\u0131). Buna ra\u011fmen Arjantin belki de d\u00fcnyada darbe d\u00f6nemini en kapsaml\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yarg\u0131layan \u00fclkedir ve \u015eili onun y\u00fczde birini bile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u015eili\u2019nin y\u00fcre\u011fi Victor Jara.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sorun \u015fu ki hesapla\u015fma yanl\u0131\u015f bir alanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Kissinger\u2019in \u201carka bah\u00e7e\u201d k\u00f6pekleri olan t\u00fcm bu fa\u015fist darbeciler pax-americana\u2019n\u0131n uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131lar. Onlar\u0131n patronlar\u0131na ger\u00e7ek bir tav\u0131r almaks\u0131z\u0131n ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal alandaki t\u00fcm ittifaklar\u0131n\u0131 imha etmeksizin yap\u0131lacak yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n da neo-liberal sisteme hizmet edece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7e\u011fin bize yal\u0131n bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u015fey \u015eili\u2019den Arjantin\u2019e ve oradan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye uzanan fa\u015fist darbeler zincirinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 neo-liberal ekonomi politikalar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndaki istikrar ve finans kapitale rahat hareket etme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu darbeci generaller \u00fclkelerini kom\u00fcnistlerin elinden kurtarm\u0131\u015f muzaffer komutanlar de\u011fil, zenginlerin masalar\u0131ndaki art\u0131klardan beslenen zavall\u0131lard\u0131r. Askerlik mesle\u011finin bu onursuz yarat\u0131klar\u0131 emekli olduklar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ko\u00e7 gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye gruplar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131na, \u00c7a\u011flar gibi kriminal burjuvalar\u0131n kucaklar\u0131na, \u015eili\u2019de ise \u0130ngiliz ve Amerikan \u015firketlerine ko\u015farlar.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu \u00fc\u00e7 darbe de -aralar\u0131ndaki farklara ra\u011fmen- ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Arjantin\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 gelene\u011finin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc etkisiyle sosyal yasalar korunabilmi\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgedeki ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6teleyecek kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan geleneksel sol ideoloji gerek K\u00fcrt hareketine gerekse de devletin ve siyasetin de\u011fi\u015fik kanatlar\u0131na sirayet etti\u011finden \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeler kolayca ger\u00e7ekle\u015fememi\u015ftir. Fakat sonu\u00e7ta sistem ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerine oturmu\u015f ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sol iktidar\u0131n olu\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 neredeyse tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcn a\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131n\u0131n nedenini fa\u015fist cunta generallerinin yarg\u0131lanamamas\u0131nda de\u011fil 24 Ocak kararlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndaki istikrar do\u011frultusunda bi\u00e7imlendirilen yeni toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n sistemle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131nda aramal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Denilebilir ki; darbeci yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her t\u00fcr\u00fc hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. O zaman bu fikri savunanlar \u00a0darbenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini bekleyece\u011fine ordular\u0131n toptan la\u011fvedilmesine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fs\u0131n. Fakat Amerikan ordusundan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere\u2026<\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadeleleri bu kadar basite indirgenemez. Sahte hesapla\u015fmalar tarihin yaralar\u0131n\u0131 kapatamaz. Aksine onlar\u0131n anlam\u0131na kastederek daha da derinle\u015ftirir. Kar\u015f\u0131-devrim ancak devrimci bir kuvvet taraf\u0131ndan hakkaniyetiyle yarg\u0131lan\u0131r ve devrimci bir iktidar taraf\u0131ndan tarihin \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne at\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6tesi yalan, sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131k ve emperyalizmin soytar\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapmaktan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir!<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi \u201cTersine D\u00fcnya\u201ddan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki s\u00fcrece bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda; Albay, Binba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesindeki askerlerin intiharlar\u0131n\u0131, onlarca muvazzaf subay\u0131n ve eski kuvvet komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n hapisli\u011fini ayn\u0131 kumpanyan\u0131n bir sahnesi olarak de\u011ferlendirebiliyoruz. Kesinlikle kapsam\u0131 ve bedeli Arjantin ordusunun \u00f6dedi\u011finin \u00fczerindedir. \u00dcstelik yarg\u0131lanan\u0131n 12 Eyl\u00fcl ve onun kirli sava\u015f mekanizmalar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kimsenin ku\u015fkusu yoktur. S\u00fcre\u00e7 Amerikan komandolar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk askerinin kafas\u0131na \u00e7uval\u0131 ge\u00e7irmesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve bug\u00fcne ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm bu \u201cdemokrasinin\u201d in\u015fas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinin \u015eili\u2019dekinden daha ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir kapitalizmle ve emperyalizme ko\u015fulsuz teslimiyetle ta\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. Ve kar\u015f\u0131-devrimin bu ilerleyi\u015fini durdurman\u0131n \u015fu an ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir tek \u00e7aresi Tekel i\u015f\u00e7ileri gibi davranma cesaretini g\u00f6sterebilmektir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Efsane futbolcu Caszely<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Santiago De Chile<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Santiago\u2019nun i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki sokaklar\u0131nda Allende\u2019nin hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131yoruz. Atilla \u0130lhan\u2019\u0131n dizelerindeki daktiloyu, m\u00fcrekkep hokkas\u0131n\u0131 ve bir direni\u015f sembol\u00fc olan onun kemik g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u2026 Soruyorum \u00f6n\u00fcme gelene \u201cAllende\u2019nin hat\u0131ralar\u0131 nerede?\u201d. Ya\u015fl\u0131ca bir adam k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir tezgahta ka\u011f\u0131t-kalem sat\u0131yor. \u00d6nce y\u00fcz\u00fcme bak\u0131yor, sonra sanki y\u00fcre\u011fine kilitlenen bir sand\u0131ktan onun hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 arar gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Sonra yerinden kalk\u0131yor ve tezgah\u0131n\u0131 terk edip ilerde yol kaz\u0131s\u0131 yapan i\u015f\u00e7iye dan\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u00dcst\u00fcne basarak \u201cDoktor Salvador Allende\u201d diyor. Binalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki \u201cPalas de La Moneda\u201dy\u0131 i\u015faret ediyorlar. \u0130lerleyince kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor Moneda. Allende\u2019nin sabah\u0131n alt\u0131s\u0131nda direni\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k binas\u0131. Bir darphane olarak in\u015fa edilen bina \u00e7ok kudretli g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. 11 Eyl\u00fcl 1973 sabah\u0131 bombalan\u0131rken g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini izledi\u011fimiz o tarihi bina kar\u015f\u0131mdayd\u0131. U\u00e7aklar\u0131n bombalar\u0131 alt\u0131nda bile boyun e\u011fmeyen sosyalist liderin hat\u0131ralar\u0131 burada saklan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

De La Moneda\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 taraftaki meydana bakan giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131nda uzun boylu paltolu subaylar taraf\u0131ndan durdurulduk. Bir bahaneyle bizi i\u00e7eriye sokmad\u0131lar. Allende\u2019nin odas\u0131n\u0131 ziyaretimiz \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00fcst \u00fcste askerler taraf\u0131ndan keyfi bi\u00e7imde engellendi. Bunu kime s\u00f6ylediysek boyun e\u011fdi, \u201cyaparlar\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi Palas De La Moneda\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki dar yolun k\u00f6\u015fesinde duran bir Allende heykeli Devlet Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131nda n\u00f6bet tutan subaylara bak\u0131yor\u2026<\/p>\n

\"\"
Devrimci asker Grove \u015filideki ilk sosyalist iktidar deneyimine \u00f6nderlik etmi\u015fti.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Fa\u015fist dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n enternasyonal niteli\u011fi!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eili\u2019de toplum yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer Latin \u00fclkelerinden farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu hemen anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bir de ilgin\u00e7 bi\u00e7imde Alman etkisi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Men\u00fc listeleri bile \u0130spanyolca ve Almanca. Ortal\u0131kta gerine gerine y\u00fcr\u00fcyen \u015fi\u015fman tak\u0131m elbiseli adamlar da hi\u00e7 Latin gibi durmuyor.<\/p>\n

Buradaki Alman n\u00fcfusun baz\u0131lar\u0131 birinci D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda gelmi\u015f. Di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131 Nazilerden ka\u00e7an Almanlarla bizzat Nazi destek\u00e7ilerinden olu\u015fuyor. Hatta g\u00fcneyde baz\u0131 Alman kolonileri \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netime sahip. Bu kolonilerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 fa\u015fist cuntayla s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7indeydi. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Arjantin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda ele ge\u00e7irilen eski Nazi Paul Schaefer\u2019in altm\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda kurdu\u011fu Dignidad Kolonisi de bunlardan biridir. Y\u00fcz kilometre kareden fazla sulu tar\u0131m alan\u0131na sahip koloninin kurucusu sava\u015f sonras\u0131 \u015eili\u2019ye ka\u00e7arak burada kendine bir \u00e7iftlik yapm\u0131\u015f. Darbe s\u0131ras\u0131nda da durumdan vazife \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f. Pinochet\u2019nin askerlerine \u201csiz yakalad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131z bana getirin, onlar\u0131 konu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 bilirim\u201d demi\u015f. Ka\u00e7 ki\u015fiyi i\u015fkencede \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131nda parma\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu ise bilinmiyor. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u00e7iftli\u011finde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fczden fazla i\u015f\u00e7iyi k\u00f6le olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve onlar\u0131 hapsetmi\u015f. Yani bu fa\u015fist art\u0131\u011f\u0131, ruhu karanl\u0131k \u015fahsiyet 1930\u2019larda Almanya\u2019da i\u015flemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 kesintisiz bi\u00e7imde yak\u0131n zamana kadar devam ettirmi\u015f. Seksen k\u00fcsur ya\u015f\u0131na ra\u011fmen durmam\u0131\u015f. Herhalde bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k olarak \u00e7ocuklara tecav\u00fcz etmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f. Ancak bu nedenle aran\u0131r duruma d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. Aranmakta olan bin ki\u015filik Nazi sava\u015f su\u00e7lular\u0131 listesinde de ad\u0131 bulunan Schaefer Arjantin\u2019e ge\u00e7erken yakalanm\u0131\u015f. Daha sonra koloninin y\u00f6netimi mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan atanan bir avukata verilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Victor Jara\u2019y\u0131 ararken<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir yerlerden Santiago\u2019da bir Victor Jara M\u00fczesi oldu\u011funu duymu\u015ftum. Fakat bununla ilgili herhangi bir bilgiye rastlayamad\u0131k. Halka sora sora \u015fehrin \u00f6b\u00fcr ucundaki Plaza \u0130talya\u2019ya, oradan da Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesine ula\u015ft\u0131k. Sorduklar\u0131mdan biri bir temizlik i\u015f\u00e7isiydi. Adamca\u011f\u0131z a\u011flamakl\u0131 g\u00f6zlerle bak\u0131p ona ait bir m\u00fcze olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Ben de acaba ayn\u0131 ki\u015fiden mi bahsediyoruz diye Jara\u2019n\u0131n kim oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamaya kalkt\u0131m. \u201cEvet, onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler\u201d dedi. Biraz ilerde bulunan liseli \u00e7ocuklara ayn\u0131 soruyu y\u00f6nelttim. Hukuk fak\u00fcltesinin o tarafta olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylediler. Yolda ilerlerken sordu\u011fum iki ki\u015fiden biri telefonundan google\u2019a ba\u011flanarak bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama nafile. Caddenin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tarot fal\u0131 bakan iki \u00f6\u011frenciye sordu\u011fumuzda ise \u201cvayy can\u0131na! Onu tan\u0131yor musun?\u201d yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131k. Hatta biri nereli oldu\u011fumu \u00f6\u011frenince T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sosyalist bir \u00fclke olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bile sordu. Son olarak Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda el i\u015fi \u00fcr\u00fcnler satan tezgahlardan birine y\u00f6neldik. Ellisinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnen topluca bir adama \u201cVictor Jara\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fczesi nerede\u201d dedi\u011fimde adam tezgaha kollar\u0131yla yaslanm\u0131\u015f halde \u00f6yle kalakald\u0131. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc unutam\u0131yorum. Foto\u011fraf\u0131 sanki kafam\u0131n i\u00e7inde as\u0131l\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015f. G\u00f6zlerini hedefine kilitlenmi\u015f bir asker gibi bana bak\u0131yordu. Yakla\u015f\u0131k bir dakika \u00f6yle durduktan sonra \u201centiendes?\u201d dedim. Durdu ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne e\u011fdi, \u201cevet\u201d dedi, \u201ciyi anlad\u0131m, fakat \u00f6yle bir yer yok\u201d. Tezgaha bakt\u0131m; sat\u0131lan deri e\u015fyalar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda Victor Jara\u2019n\u0131n resimleri vard\u0131..<\/p>\n

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Metropolitan tepesinde Meryem an\u0131t\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fczel insanlar\u0131ndan biri olan bu k\u00f6yl\u00fc \u00e7ocu\u011fu gitar \u00e7almay\u0131 annesinden \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f. Muhasebe e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f, teoloji okumu\u015f, dine inanc\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f, tiyatro yapm\u0131\u015f, ama nihayetinde kendini m\u00fczi\u011fe adam\u0131\u015f. \u015eili folku \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve Violeta Parra\u2019yla beraber \u201cYeni \u015eark\u0131\u201d ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olmu\u015f. Halk\u0131na ve \u00fclkesine duydu\u011fu sevgiyi dizelerine ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f. Allende\u2019nin Halk\u0131n Birli\u011fi Cephesi yarar\u0131na konserler vermi\u015f. Allende\u2019nin \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce verdi\u011fi emre uyarak Teknik Fak\u00fcltedeki i\u015finin ba\u015f\u0131na gitmi\u015f. Oradan askerlerce al\u0131n\u0131p Santiago Stadyumuna getirilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6zalt\u0131 operasyonunda al\u0131nanlar orada toplanmaktad\u0131r. Bilmem Costa Gavras\u2019\u0131n \u201cKay\u0131p\u201d filmini izlediniz mi? Orada Santiago\u2019nun fa\u015fist ordu taraf\u0131ndan kesilmi\u015f caddelerinden birinde bir gece vakti bembeyaz bir at\u0131n barikatlar\u0131 yar\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fsel bir sahne vard\u0131r. Gecenin o vaktinde bu kadar muhte\u015fem g\u00fczellikte bir varl\u0131k nereden peydah olmu\u015ftur, kimse s\u0131rr\u0131na eremez. \u0130\u015fte Jara da \u00f6yle ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131vermi\u015f stadyumun orta yerinde hem de Pinochet\u2019nin g\u00f6\u011f\u00fc inleten jetlerinden g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc silah\u0131 gitar\u0131yla. Dediklerine g\u00f6re \u00f6nce \u201cbiz burada be\u015f bin ki\u015fiyiz\u201d diye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f dizeleri. Sonra askerler gelip gitar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. Ellerini dip\u00e7iklerle ezerken Jara \u201cVenceremos\u201du s\u00f6yl\u00fcyormu\u015f stattakilerle beraber.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Jara\u2019n\u0131n katledildi\u011fi s\u0131rada zorunlu askerlik g\u00f6revinde bulunan Jose Paredes Marquez ad\u0131ndaki 53 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki marangoz onun son anlar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131. D\u00f6rt g\u00fcn s\u00fcren i\u015fkencelerin ard\u0131ndan 17 Eyl\u00fcl 1973 tarihinde y\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fi\u015fmi\u015f ve elleri t\u00fcfek dip\u00e7i\u011fiyle k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halde stadyumdaki soyunma odalar\u0131ndan birine getirilmi\u015f. Orada d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck r\u00fctbeli bir subay tabancas\u0131n\u0131 Jara\u2019n\u0131n \u015faka\u011f\u0131na dayayarak Rus ruleti oynamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Oyun fazla s\u00fcrmemi\u015f. Marangozun iki defa imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadeye g\u00f6re i\u00e7inde kendisinin de oldu\u011fu bir grup asker odada Jara\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne tan\u0131kl\u0131k eden 14 ki\u015fiyi kur\u015funa dizmi\u015f. Yap\u0131lan otopsiye g\u00f6re Victor Jara\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeden \u00f6nce elleri k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve v\u00fccudunun farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerine 44 kur\u015fun girmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Jara\u2019n\u0131n katlinden yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ay sonra Santiago Stad\u0131nda \u015eili milli tak\u0131m\u0131yla Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin ma\u00e7\u0131 vard\u0131r. Fakat Sovyet Federasyonu \u201c\u015eili\u2019li yurtseverlerin kan\u0131yla y\u0131kanan bir statta\u201d ma\u00e7 yapmay\u0131 reddeder. Ma\u00e7 saatinde sahaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u015eili tak\u0131m\u0131 kendi aras\u0131nda pasla\u015farak gol atar. Sahada k\u0131m\u0131ldamadan duran tek futbolcu ise forvet Carlos Caszely\u2019dir. \u00dclkenin tapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetenekli futbolcu \u00f6ylece saha kenar\u0131nda bekler ve ma\u00e7 sonunda Pinochet\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7erken el sallama talimat\u0131 alan futbolcular\u0131n aras\u0131nda ard\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fcp gider. Bu nedenle ailesinin \u00fclkeye giri\u015fi yasaklan\u0131r. Daha sonraki ma\u00e7ta efsane futbolcu 1974 D\u00fcnya Kupas\u0131nda ba\u015flayan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kart uygulamas\u0131yla sahadan kendini att\u0131r\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece d\u00fcnyada ilk kez k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kart g\u00f6ren futbolcu unvan\u0131n\u0131 kazan\u0131r. Kart\u0131 veren de T\u00fcrk hakem Do\u011fan Babacan\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Santiago Stad\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131 Victor Jara olarak 2004\u2019de de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Escuela Militar yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Demirel’in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Atat\u00fcrk an\u0131t\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pablo Neruda\u2019n\u0131n evi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eili e\u011fitime ve ayd\u0131nlar\u0131na k\u0131ymet veren bir toplum. E\u011fitim seviyesi G\u00fcney Amerika ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde. Di\u011fer Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerindekilerin aksine t\u00fcm siyasal odaklar ideolojik davran\u0131yorlar. Sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc. Jara tiyatroyla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yor. Violeta Parra eserleri Louvre\u2019de sergilenecek kadar iyi bir ressam ve heykelt\u0131ra\u015f. Bu ayd\u0131n ve sanat\u00e7\u0131 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 halk\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bilmi\u015f. Belki de Parra bu ac\u0131lar\u0131n e\u015fi\u011finde oldu\u011fundan intihar etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u015eili deyince akla gelen en b\u00fcy\u00fck isimlerden biri de Pablo Neruda. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fairlerinden biri olan Neruda, Allende\u2019nin yak\u0131n dostu. Allende\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra kalp krizi ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve 23 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de hayata g\u00f6zlerini yummu\u015f. Cenazesi diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck eylem olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

1986\u2019da kurulan Pablo Neruda Vakf\u0131 doksanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Neruda\u2019n\u0131n evlerini onarmaya ve ondan kalan hat\u0131ralar\u0131 buralarda sergilemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Neruda\u2019n\u0131n Santiago\u2019da, \u0130sla Negra\u2019da ve Valparioso\u2019da olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 evi var. G\u00f6rmeden \u00f6nce insan ku\u015fkuya kap\u0131l\u0131yor: Ne olabilir ki g\u00f6rmeye de\u011fecek kadar ilgin\u00e7? Fakat gidip g\u00f6r\u00fcnce insan anl\u0131yor; vak\u0131f m\u00fcthi\u015f bir i\u015f \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bir eve dev bir hayat nas\u0131l s\u0131\u011far insan hayrete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Neruda (Che Guevera \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00e7antas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan) \u201cCanto General\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131 La \u0130sla Negra\u2019da yazm\u0131\u015f. Santiago\u2019daki evi La Chascona\u2019y\u0131 1953\u2019de yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Bellavista \u00e7evresindeki evde hayat\u0131n\u0131n son yirmi y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irmi\u015f. Bir tepenin ete\u011fine yap\u0131lan sadece iki ki\u015finin ya\u015fayabilece\u011fi m\u00fctevaz\u0131 iki evde Neruda\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 dolduran say\u0131s\u0131z iz ve simge g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. M\u00fcze \u0130ngilizce ya da \u0130spanyolca sunum yapan rehberler e\u015fli\u011finde geziliyor. Rehberler de sosyalist olduklar\u0131ndan evi gezdirirken ilgin\u00e7 diyaloglar olu\u015fuyor. Bir ziyaret\u00e7i \u201cneden hi\u00e7 dini simge yok\u201d diye sormu\u015ftu. Rehberimiz de hi\u00e7 laf\u0131 b\u00fckmeden yan\u0131tlad\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc: \u201ctabi ki yok, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o bir kom\u00fcnistti!\u201d<\/p>\n

Onun g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131ndan arkada\u015flar\u0131na ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine kadar her \u015feyi, kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fyalar\u0131 g\u00f6rerek \u00f6\u011frenmek \u00f6nemli bir deneyim. \u00d6nerim Neruda\u2019n\u0131n evine Santiago\u2019daki her \u015feyi g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra gidin. Bence bu ev b\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ve sanat adam\u0131n\u0131n evreni nas\u0131l kucaklayabilece\u011finin g\u00f6stergesi.<\/p>\n

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MIR\u2019in lideri Miquel Enriquez.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Santiago\u2019da hepsi bir Avrupa \u00fclkesindeki kadar profesyonelce organize edilmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gereken ba\u015fka m\u00fczeler var. Ya da biraz ilerdeki Valparioso\u2019ya gidip d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck havuzuna sahip olan otelde bilmem ka\u00e7 y\u00fcz dolara kalabilirsiniz. Hatta u\u00e7akla birka\u00e7 saat mesafedeki Paskalya Adas\u0131na gidip mistik heykelleri ziyaret edebilirsiniz. Turistler i\u00e7in Bolivya Uyuni tuz g\u00f6l\u00fcnden \u015eili\u2019deki San Pedro\u2019ya ge\u00e7i\u015fler yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Turistlerin pek u\u011framad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir madenci kenti olan Antofagasta\u2019ya ve daha kuzeydeki Arica\u2019ya s\u00f6rf yapmaya da gidebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

En g\u00fcneydeki Punta Arena\u2019da kafa dinleyebilir. Torres Al Paine Ulusal Park\u0131\u2019nda g\u00f6ller, nehirler ve yemye\u015fil vadiler aras\u0131nda do\u011faya doyabilirsiniz. Fakat dedim ya bu yaz\u0131 bir gezi yaz\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden \u015eili\u2019nin g\u00fczelliklerini ke\u015ffetmeyi size b\u0131rak\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en ay yap\u0131lan ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imlerini ise kapitalist milyarder Sebastian Pinera kazand\u0131. Ne tesad\u00fcft\u00fcr ki ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde \u015eili OECD\u2019ye al\u0131nd\u0131. Hani ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n Meksika ekonomisini \u00e7\u00f6kerten Jose Angel oldu\u011fu \u015fu \u00f6rg\u00fct. Angel Meksika\u2019da ekonomiyi \u00e7\u00f6kerttikten sonra, Meksika OECD\u2019ye dahil olmu\u015ftu. Yani \u015fu m\u00fchim Bat\u0131 ittifak\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Tuhaft\u0131r ayn\u0131 ittifak\u0131n \u00fcyesi olan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ekonomi bakan\u0131 Zafer \u00c7a\u011flayan da ge\u00e7en Temmuz\u2019da bu \u00fclkeyi ziyaret etmi\u015f ve bir dizi anla\u015fma imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 depremlerinin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015eili\u2019de \u201cyar\u0131n\u0131n Sal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na hi\u00e7bir \u015eilili inanmaz\u201d diye bir laf var. Ani d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlere ve tekrar tekrar hayat\u0131 kurmaya al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n olan \u015eili\u2019de umut asla bitmez yine de\u2026<\/p>\n

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Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Saray\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131nda bulunan Allende\u2019nin direni\u015f simgesi g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Allende\u2019nin uzun y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Marquez onun i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: \u201cEn b\u00fcy\u00fck erdemi tutarl\u0131 olu\u015fuydu, ancak kader ona burjuva hukukunun anakronik mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 mermilerle savunarak; kendisini reddetmi\u015f olan ancak katillerini me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131racak olan Adalet Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesini savunarak; kendisini gayr\u0131 me\u015fru ilan etmi\u015f olan gasp\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n iradesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde minnettarl\u0131kla diz \u00e7\u00f6ken sefil bir Kongreyi savunarak; tek bir mermi atmadan bizzat kendisinin ortadan kald\u0131rmay\u0131 \u00f6nerdi\u011fi pislik bir rejimin b\u00fct\u00fcn berbat ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 savunarak \u00f6lmenin trajik ve ender ni\u015fan\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekten de onun en b\u00fcy\u00fck erdemi tutarl\u0131 olu\u015fuydu. Hayat\u0131n\u0131 sab\u0131r ve emekle \u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir bilim insan\u0131yd\u0131. Daha otuz bir ya\u015f\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k bakan\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Yirmi be\u015finde Marmaduque Grove liderli\u011findeki Sosyalist \u015eili Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu nedenle de hapse at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130yi yeti\u015fmi\u015f bir asker olan Grove\u2019nin sosyalist iktidar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca 13 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Allende 34 ya\u015f\u0131nda Sosyalist Parti\u2019nin Genel Sekreteri oldu. 1952\u2019de Kom\u00fcnist ve Sosyalist Parti\u2019nin kurdu\u011fu Halk Cephesinin ba\u015fkan aday\u0131 oydu. On y\u0131l sonra yeniden ayn\u0131 cephenin aday\u0131 olan Allende\u2019nin ilkinde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 elli bin oy ikincisinde 1 milyona \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1966\u2019da Senato Ba\u015fkan\u0131, 67\u2019de Havana\u2019daki \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 D\u00fcnya Konferans\u0131\u201dnda delegasyon ba\u015fkan\u0131yd\u0131. Ekim devriminin 50. y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyetler\u2019deydi. 68\u2019de Kore, Vietnam, Kambo\u00e7ya ve Laos\u2019daki sosyalist deneyimleri inceledi.<\/p>\n

Doktor Salvador Allende bir bilim insan\u0131 titizli\u011finde ad\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasal \u00e7izgisinde altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131na Halk Birli\u011fini kurarak girdi. Unidad Popular, Allende\u2019nin Halk Cephesi deneyiminin bir devam\u0131 say\u0131labilir. Zira olu\u015fum o ittifak\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekim merkezi \u00fczerine kuruldu. Kom\u00fcnist ve Sosyalist Partilerin haricinde H\u0131ristiyan demokratlar\u0131n sol kanad\u0131 MAPU ve direni\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla Halk Birli\u011fi (Unidad Popular\/UP) olu\u015ftu. Halk Birli\u011fi\u2019nin aday\u0131 Allende, 4 Eyl\u00fcl 1970\u2019de y\u00fczde 36,3 oy oran\u0131yla Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n

Bu arada ABD \u015eili\u2019deki geli\u015fmeleri takip etmektedir. \u201cCamelot Plan\u0131\u201d \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Allende se\u00e7imi kazanmadan \u00f6nce \u015eili\u2019de yap\u0131lan geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli anket sonucunda \u015eili\u2019de bir sosyalist iktidar\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD gizli servisi, Nixon\u2019un emriyle Halk Birli\u011fi iktidar\u0131n\u0131 devirme operasyonunu ba\u015flat\u0131r. 19 Ekimde ABD gizli servisiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bir grup, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Rene Schneider\u2019i ka\u00e7\u0131rma giri\u015fiminde bulunur. M\u00fczik ve resim sanat\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ilgili, yumu\u015fak miza\u00e7l\u0131 bir asker olan Schneider se\u00e7im s\u00fcrecinde sa\u011f \u00e7evrelerin darbe \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na \u201cgerekli \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kim sa\u011flarsa o Ba\u015fkan olur\u201d yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015fti. Ayn\u0131 grup 22 Ekim\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ofisine z\u0131rhl\u0131 ara\u00e7larla sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenler. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmaya giren yasalc\u0131 general Schneider a\u011f\u0131r yaralan\u0131r ve 25 Ekim\u2019de hayat\u0131n\u0131 yitirir. Yakalanan eylemcilerin silahlarla beraber CIA\u2019dan 35 bin dolar ald\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

5 Kas\u0131m 1970 tarihli Kissenger raporunda Allende \u201cg\u00fcney yar\u0131mk\u00fcredeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkede deh\u015fet yaratan bu komploya ra\u011fmen se\u00e7ilmi\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar ve ilk alt\u0131 ay\u0131nda toprak ve fabrika i\u015fgalleriyle halk hareketi y\u00fckselir. 4 Mart 1971\u2019de Halk Birli\u011fi belediye se\u00e7imlerinde y\u00fczde 50 oy oran\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r. Allende ilan etti\u011fi \u201cmillile\u015ftirme\u201d program\u0131n\u0131 11 Temmuz\u2019da yasala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve b\u00f6ylece d\u00fcnya bak\u0131r ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan madenleri Amerikan \u015firketlerinden bedelsiz olarak al\u0131narak kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 150 b\u00fcy\u00fck sanayi i\u015fletmesiyle kredi sistemi ulusalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. 2,4 milyon hektar toprak halka da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00fccretlerde y\u00fczde 40\u2019l\u0131k art\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

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Allende yak\u0131n dostu Neruda\u2019yla.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kas\u0131m\u2019da Fidel Castro\u2019nun \u015eili\u2019yi bir ay s\u00fcren ziyareti ABD\u2019de infial uyand\u0131r\u0131r. Amerikan el\u00e7isi Allende y\u00f6netiminin \u201cFidelsiz Fidelizm\u201d ve ekonomisinin de bir \u201cSovyet Program\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n

Sovyetler\u2019in \u201cF\u00fcze Krizi\u201d sonras\u0131 ABD ile olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u201carka bah\u00e7e\u201d konsens\u00fcs\u00fcne ra\u011fmen Fidel \u015eili\u2019de sosyalizmin gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6sterme kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan eder. Fidel yaln\u0131z Allende\u2019ye destek vermeleri i\u00e7in \u00fclkedeki siyasal gruplarla ili\u015fki kurmakla yetinmemi\u015f, darbe s\u00fcrecinde K\u00fcba el\u00e7ili\u011fini direni\u015f i\u00e7in gerekli t\u00fcm cephaneyle doldurtmu\u015ftu. Oliver Stone\u2019a verdi\u011fi m\u00fclakatta Castro, Allende\u2019nin \u00f6nce bu silahlar\u0131n milislere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti\u011fi daha sonra baz\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gruplar\u0131n kontrolden \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekindi\u011fi i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcre daha bekletilmesini istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Darbe g\u00fcn\u00fc K\u00fcba el\u00e7ili\u011fi hemen ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan cephanenin ancak \u00fc\u00e7te birini da\u011f\u0131tabildiklerini ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n

Fidel\u2019in ziyaretinin etkisiyle \u00fclkede burjuvazinin t\u00fcm kanatlar\u0131 seferber edilir. ABD bu \u00fclkeye y\u00f6nelik t\u00fcm kredileri ve mal ihrac\u0131n\u0131 durdurur. Y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131 yabanc\u0131 k\u00f6kenli olan \u015eili sanayisinin ihtiyac\u0131 olan \u00fcretim mallar\u0131n\u0131n ise y\u00fczde 80\u2019i ithal edilmektedir. Bu ko\u015fullarda Sovyetler\u2019in \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 para vermesi ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu\u011fday yard\u0131m\u0131na ra\u011fmen s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 72 Ekim\u2019inde b\u00fcy\u00fck kamyoncu grevi ba\u015flar\u0131 ve Allende h\u00fck\u00fcmeti devrilinceye kadar bu grev s\u00fcrer. Tabi ki grevi \u015fof\u00f6rler de\u011fil kamyon sahibi firmalar yapmaktad\u0131r. ABD \u00fclkedeki kar\u015f\u0131-devrim unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in bir gecede on milyon dolar transfer eder. Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k durdu\u011fundan \u015fehirlerde k\u0131tl\u0131k ba\u015f g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7at\u0131\u015fma h\u0131zla derinle\u015fmektedir. Birlik i\u00e7indeki burjuvazinin artan sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00fcrken \u015eili Kom\u00fcnist Partisi, H\u0131ristiyan Demokratlarla \u201cistikrar program\u0131\u201d ad\u0131nda bir planda anla\u015f\u0131r. Plana g\u00f6re halk\u0131n i\u015fgal etti\u011fi i\u015fletmelerle tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemlileri sahiplerine iade edilecektir. Bu plan ba\u015fta Sosyalist Partinin sol kanad\u0131 ve MIR (Devrimci Sol Hareket) taraf\u0131ndan reddedilir. D\u00fcnya sol hareketi i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemli bir prestije sahip olan MIR, \u015eili\u2019de cuntaya kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi aktif bi\u00e7imde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmi\u015f tek yap\u0131d\u0131r. Pinochet\u2019in uykular\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131ran bu direni\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc darbenin oldu\u011fu gece \u00fclkenin farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde k\u0131\u015flalara sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Lider kadrosunun b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesinin en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 doktorlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu MIR\u2019in lideri Miquel Enriquez darbe sonras\u0131 \u00fclkeyi terk etmemi\u015f, 5 Ekim 1974 g\u00fcn\u00fc kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 eve d\u00fczenlenen operasyonda katledilmi\u015ftir. O\u011flu Marco ise ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imlerinin ilk turunda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z aday oldu ve s\u00fcrpriz yaparak oylar\u0131n y\u00fczde 20\u2019sini ald\u0131. Nedense bas\u0131n onun MIR\u2019in katledilen liderinin o\u011flu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmezden gelip \u201cgen\u00e7 y\u00f6netmen\u201d olarak lanse etmeyi tercih etti.<\/p>\n

Burjuvazinin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 sabotajlar ve t\u00fcccar grevleriyle artarken Halk Birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n devam\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yay\u0131ld\u0131. Fakat halk durmad\u0131 ve i\u015fgaller s\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u00d6nce s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan eden Allende, olu\u015fan kaos ortam\u0131n\u0131 durultmak i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmete \u00fc\u00e7 general ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

73 Mart\u2019\u0131nda yap\u0131lan genel se\u00e7imlerde Allende halk\u0131n y\u00fczde 44\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn oyuyla yeniden ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ildi. Art\u0131k sa\u011f\u0131n darbeden ba\u015fka yapacak hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 29 Haziran\u2019da bir Tank\u00e7\u0131 Albay\u0131n darbe giri\u015fimini \u00f6nleyen Allende, ikinci \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hatay\u0131 yaparak \u00f6nce Pinochet\u2019i Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 yapt\u0131, sonra da se\u00e7im sonras\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan generalleri yeniden h\u00fck\u00fcmete ortak etti. \u00dcstelik 23 A\u011fustos\u2019ta istifa eden Anayasalc\u0131 general Pratt\u2019\u0131n yerine Pinochet\u2019i atad\u0131.<\/p>\n

ABD donanmas\u0131 6 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de \u015eili ordusuyla yapaca\u011f\u0131 ortak tatbikat \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u015eili sahillerine konu\u015fland\u0131. 11 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de \u00f6nce \u015eili donanma merkezi Valparaiso\u2019da donanman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmet yanl\u0131s\u0131 subaylar\u0131 katledildi. O s\u0131rada Allende ba\u015fkanl\u0131k saray\u0131nda direnmekte ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 umudunu korumaktayd\u0131. Saat 08.45\u2019de ise saray\u0131n radyo vericisinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da, \u201cBeni dinleyen yolda\u015flar: Durum vahim. Silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir darbeyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z\u201d diye seslendi.<\/p>\n

Saat dokuzda jetler Moneda\u2019y\u0131 bombalamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Dokuzu on ge\u00e7e Salvador Allende son konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u201cSize son kez hitap ediyorum. U\u00e7aklar Magallanes radyosunun vericilerini bombalad\u0131. Bu tarihsel ge\u00e7i\u015f an\u0131nda, halk\u0131ma sadakatimi hayat\u0131mla \u00f6deyece\u011fim. Ama y\u00fcz binlerce \u015eililinin bilincine d\u00fc\u015fen tohum er ge\u00e7 ye\u015ferecek. Onlar\u0131n silahlar\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7leri var. Ama toplumsal ilerleyi\u015fi \u015fiddet ve cinayetle durduramazlar. Bu \u00fclkenin gelece\u011fini kuracak gen\u00e7lere sesleniyorum: \u015eili\u2019de fa\u015fizmin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi uzun. T\u00fcm ter\u00f6rist suikastlar, havaya u\u00e7urulan k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, y\u0131k\u0131lan demiryollar\u0131, patlat\u0131lan petrol kuyular\u0131 onlar\u0131n eseriydi. Hepsi sat\u0131n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tarih \u00f6n\u00fcnde yarg\u0131lanacaklar. Az sonra sesimi art\u0131k duymayacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Ama hep sizinle olaca\u011f\u0131m. Beni vatana sad\u0131k bir onurlu insan olarak hat\u0131rlay\u0131n. Halk\u0131m kendini savunmal\u0131, ama feda etmemeli. Vatan\u0131n emek\u00e7ileri, ben \u015eili\u2019ye ve gelece\u011fine inan\u0131yorum. Ba\u015fka adamlar, ba\u015fka insanlar ihanetin bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ac\u0131 karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatacaklar. Er ge\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcr insan\u0131n ge\u00e7ece\u011fi kap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7acak ve daha adil bir toplum kuracaklar. Ya\u015fas\u0131n \u015eili! Ya\u015fas\u0131n halk! Ya\u015fas\u0131n emek\u00e7iler! Bunlar benim son s\u00f6zlerim ve fedak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131m bo\u015funa de\u011fil, sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011fa, korkakl\u0131\u011fa ve ihanete bir ahlak dersi olaca\u011f\u0131na eminim.\u201d
\nAllende\u2019yle beraber otuz kadar arkada\u015f\u0131 sarayda direnmekteyse de bir ara o i\u00e7erdeki odaya ge\u00e7er. Nas\u0131l \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hi\u00e7 kimse g\u00f6rmese de 1990\u2019da yap\u0131lan otopsi ve orada bulunan yak\u0131n arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6re kendini vurmu\u015ftur. \u0130nanmak istemesek de bu ihtimal kuvvetlidir. Fa\u015fist ordu g\u00fc\u00e7leri Moneda\u2019y\u0131 bombalarken onu katletme niyetini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. O nedenle bu ayr\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n fazla bir \u00f6nemi yoktur. O sonuna dek halk\u0131na sad\u0131k kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve tarihsel \u00f6devini yerine getirmi\u015ftir. \u00d6nemli olan budur.<\/p>\n

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Bir geziden \u00e7ok kendi tarihini, yitimlerini d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr ucunda aramakt\u0131r, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u015eili\u2019ye gitmek. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00fcre\u011fimizden hissederiz ki ha Mahir\u2019dir aln\u0131ndan vurulan Deniz\u2019ini kurtarmak i\u00e7in, ha bedeni par\u00e7alanan Allende\u2019dir halk\u0131 i\u00e7in. \u0130nti \u0130llimani\u2019nin, Violeta Parra\u2019n\u0131n, Victor Jara\u2019n\u0131n ac\u0131 ve gurur dolu ezgilerini anlamak i\u00e7in \u0130spanyolca bilmeye ihtiya\u00e7 yoktur. Bu y\u00fczden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u015eili bir y\u00fcrek at\u0131m\u0131 mesafededir. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":344,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[109,222,29],"tags":[679,680],"class_list":["post-10276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-72-sayi","category-tarih","category-toplum","tag-allende","tag-sili"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t