{"id":10369,"date":"2014-12-01T13:24:35","date_gmt":"2014-12-01T11:24:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=10369"},"modified":"2018-04-20T12:32:36","modified_gmt":"2018-04-20T09:32:36","slug":"viyana-kahvelerinde-bilim-tarihi-schrodinger-ve-cafe-afro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2014\/12\/01\/viyana-kahvelerinde-bilim-tarihi-schrodinger-ve-cafe-afro","title":{"rendered":"Viyana kahvelerinde bilim tarihi: Schr\u00f6dinger ve Caf\u00e9 Afro"},"content":{"rendered":"

Viyana \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin ana binas\u0131nda dola\u015f\u0131p avluya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda g\u00f6z\u00fcme \u00e7arpan ilk b\u00fcst Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019e aitti. Oturup bir \u015feyler i\u00e7ti\u011fim ilk kahve ise Caf\u00e9 Afro\u2019ydu. Kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00f6\u011frenci yurdundan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00fcniversitedeki b\u00f6l\u00fcme giderken Pasteur Soka\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ge\u00e7ip merdivenleri \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorum. Derslerden sonra Caf\u00e9 Afro\u2019da yemek yiyor, k\u00fct\u00fcphane \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019in b\u00fcst\u00fcne bak\u0131\u015f at\u0131p selam veriyorum.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bir y\u0131ldan uzun bir zaman \u00f6nce, Almanca \u00f6\u011frenip y\u00fcksek lisans yapmak amac\u0131yla Viyana\u2019ya gelirken g\u00fczel hayaller kuruyordum ancak fazlas\u0131n\u0131 bulabilece\u011fimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemi\u015ftim. U\u00e7ak ini\u015fe haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm o tatl\u0131 evler s\u0131cak bir kar\u015f\u0131lama oldu. \u0130lk g\u00fcnden itibaren hep g\u00fclerek gezdim sokaklarda. \u0130\u015fte bu acemilik d\u00f6nemimde hayat\u0131mda iz b\u0131rakan bir mek\u00e2n -Caf\u00e9 Afro- ve biliminsan\u0131 -Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger-, \u201cViyana Kahvelerinde Bilim Tarihi\u201d yaz\u0131 dizimizin son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

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Caf\u00e9 Afro\u2019da sohbet.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Viyana \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin ana binas\u0131nda dola\u015f\u0131p avluya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda g\u00f6z\u00fcme \u00e7arpan ilk b\u00fcst Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019e aitti. Oturup bir \u015feyler i\u00e7ti\u011fim ilk kahve ise Caf\u00e9 Afro\u2019ydu. Geriye d\u00f6n\u00fcp ad\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131 takip edince bunca tesad\u00fcfe \u015fa\u015f\u0131yorum. Kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00f6\u011frenci yurdundan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00fcniversitedeki b\u00f6l\u00fcme giderken Pasteur Soka\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ge\u00e7ip merdivenleri \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, sonra Boltzmann Soka\u011f\u0131 boyunca y\u00fcr\u00fcyorum. Derslerden sonra Caf\u00e9 Afro\u2019da yemek yiyor, k\u00fct\u00fcphane \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019in b\u00fcst\u00fcne bak\u0131\u015f at\u0131p selam veriyorum.<\/p>\n

Schr\u00f6dinger 1887, Viyana do\u011fumlu bir fizik\u00e7i. Viyana \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde fizik doktoras\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra ayn\u0131 yerde g\u00f6reve ba\u015fl\u0131yor. 1921\u2019de Z\u00fcrih \u00dcniversitesi teorik fizik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ge\u00e7iyor. 1926\u2019da bilimsel raporu yay\u0131mlanan dalga mekani\u011fini, 1925\u2019te ke\u015ffetti\u011fini belirtiyor. (1) 1927\u2019de, Max Planck\u2019tan bo\u015falan koltu\u011fu devralarak Berlin \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ne ge\u00e7iyor. Nazilerin y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle beraber, 1933\u2019te Almanya\u2019dan ayr\u0131larak Oxford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Paul Dirac ile beraber Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn sahibi oluyor. 1956\u2019da Viyana\u2019ya nihai d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kadar uzun bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn d\u00f6nemi ge\u00e7iriyor ve 1961\u2019de do\u011fdu\u011fu kentte ya\u015fam\u0131 son buluyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"Hayat\u0131n\u0131 alt\u0131 d\u00f6neme ay\u0131rarak \u00f6zetleyen Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019in Pasteur Soka\u011f\u0131 4 numarada bir dairesi varm\u0131\u015f, Boltzmann Soka\u011f\u0131\u2019nda ise b\u00fcrosu. Yaz\u0131 dizimizin ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn (2) kahraman\u0131 G\u00f6del\u2019in bu sokakta toplant\u0131lara kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn (3) kahraman\u0131n\u0131n ise zaten Boltzmann oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcnce g\u00fcl\u00fcms\u00fcyorum. Her \u015fey burada bitmiyor ama. Zemin kat\u0131n\u0131 Caf\u00e9 Afro\u2019nun kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 binan\u0131n, aralar\u0131nda Boltzmann ve Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019in de bulundu\u011fu kimi fizik\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir enstit\u00fc oldu\u011funu belirteyim. 1906\u2019da Viyana \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ne giren Schr\u00f6dinger Boltzmann\u2019dan ders almay\u0131 hayal ediyordu ancak Duino\u2019daki \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc son buna izin vermedi. Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019in pay\u0131na, 1907 sonbahar\u0131nda bu binada, Fritz Hasen\u00f6hrl taraf\u0131ndan hocas\u0131 Boltzmann\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine verilen konferansa kat\u0131lmak d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u201cViyana Kahvelerinde Bilim Tarihi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 birlikte haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Murat Tu\u011frul ile bu proje kapsam\u0131ndaki son bulu\u015fmam\u0131z i\u00e7in Caf\u00e9 Afro\u2019day\u0131z. Eski enstit\u00fc binas\u0131nda \u015fimdi bir kahve, yemekhane ve yurt var. \u0130\u015fletme sahibi T\u00fcrkiyeli. \u00d6\u011frencilerin ve muhaliflerin u\u011frak mek\u00e2nlar\u0131ndan olan Caf\u00e9 Afro\u2019nun demleme \u00e7ay\u0131, bir de duvarlar\u0131 s\u00fcsleyen foto\u011fraf sergileri ak\u0131lda kal\u0131c\u0131. Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019in ya\u015fl\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici olarak nitelendirdi\u011fi Viyana\u2019da, bu hareketli ve memleket kokan kahvede, \u015fimdi kuantum fizi\u011fi konu\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Murat Naro\u011flu (MN): <\/strong>\u0130smini duyduk\u00e7a heyecanland\u0131\u011f\u0131m konular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda kuantum fizi\u011fi geliyor. Fizik e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f birisin, nas\u0131l ba\u015flad\u0131 kuantum fizi\u011finin bu zorlu ve uzun yolculu\u011fu?<\/p>\n

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\u201cBen \u015fu masada m\u0131 oturuyorum yoksa \u015fu masada m\u0131?\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Murat Tu\u011frul (MT):<\/strong> Kuantum fizi\u011finin do\u011fu\u015fu olarak Max Planck\u2019\u0131n 1901\u2019deki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 g\u00f6sterilir. Planck bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda kara cisim \u0131\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 -kabaca anlat\u0131rsak, \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan bir maddenin hangi dalga boylar\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131ma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131- irdeler. Bu zannedebilece\u011fin gibi kuramsal bir meraktan ziyade, son derece pragmatik bir nedenden yani elektrik enerjisinden en verimli faydalanan ampul\u00fc nas\u0131l \u00fcretiriz sorusundan yol alm\u0131\u015f bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131r asl\u0131nda. Planck\u2019\u0131n bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na dek kara cisim \u0131\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in deneysel olarak elde edilen veriler klasik elektromanyetik teori ile a\u00e7\u0131klanam\u0131yordu. Bir \u00f6nceki sohbetimizden (3) hat\u0131rlayacaks\u0131nd\u0131r, Boltzmann atomlar\u0131 ve kesikli enerji de\u011ferlerini baz alan teorisiyle termodinami\u011fin istatistiksel mekanik yorumunu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. D\u00f6nemin b\u00fcy\u00fck fizik\u00e7ilerinden kabul edilen Max Planck her ne kadar en ba\u015flarda Boltzmann\u2019\u0131n bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirse de sonralar\u0131 o da benzeri bir y\u00f6ntemi kullanarak ve en \u00f6nemlisi enerjinin s\u00fcrekli de\u011fil de kesikli de\u011ferlerde oldu\u011funu varsayarak kara cisim \u0131\u015f\u0131mas\u0131na kuramsal bir a\u00e7\u0131klama getirir. Planck\u2019\u0131n bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 daha duyulur hale getiren Einstein\u2019\u0131n 1905\u2019teki fotoelektrik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Boltzmann ve Planck\u2019a \u015fapka \u00e7\u0131kararak \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n kesikli enerji de\u011ferlerde ve par\u00e7ac\u0131k \u00f6zelli\u011finde oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131m\u0131yla metal \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n elektronlar\u0131 atomlardan nas\u0131l kopar\u0131p ne \u015fiddette enerjiyi elektronlara aktaraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla birlikte k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlarda maddenin nas\u0131l davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olur. Kuantum fizi\u011finin kuramsal temelleri i\u00e7inse 1925-1930 d\u00f6nemine; Schr\u00f6dinger, Heisenberg, Dirac gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck fizik\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na bakmam\u0131z laz\u0131m. \u0130stersen bug\u00fcn Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019e yo\u011funla\u015fal\u0131m sadece.<\/p>\n

MN: <\/strong>Tabii ama \u00f6nce bir ba\u015fka fizik\u00e7i, de Broglie\u2019yi anal\u0131m. Kendisi bir varsay\u0131mda bulunmu\u015ftu: e\u011fer \u0131\u015f\u0131k par\u00e7ac\u0131k \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterebiliyorsa madde de dalga \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterebilirdi. 1923\u2019teki doktora teziyle elektronun dalga boyunu hesaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra yap\u0131lan farkl\u0131 deneylerle hakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tland\u0131. Bunu da takiben Schr\u00f6dinger 1926\u2019daki me\u015fhur dalga denklemiyle, kuantum mekani\u011fini sistematik bir \u015fekilde ifade etmi\u015f oluyordu.<\/p>\n

MT: <\/strong>Evet, Schr\u00f6dinger g\u00f6zlemlerle do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f fizik bilgilerini (maddenin dalga ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n par\u00e7ac\u0131k \u00f6zelli\u011fi) kullan\u0131p matematiksel dalga paket\u00e7ikleri modeli ile bug\u00fcn ismiyle adland\u0131r\u0131lan denklemi kurdu. \u0130\u015fin matemati\u011fi biraz detayl\u0131 olabilir. Biz k\u0131saca bu denklemin neyi anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edelim.<\/p>\n

Schr\u00f6dinger denklemi, maddenin (\u0131\u015f\u0131k, elektron, vs.) herhangi bir konum ve h\u0131zda olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun zamanla de\u011fi\u015fimini tasvir eder. Buradaki olas\u0131l\u0131k sadece \u00e7ok say\u0131da maddenin nas\u0131l farkl\u0131 davranabilece\u011fini anlatmaz, \u00e7ok daha temel d\u00fczeyde tekil bir maddenin de olas\u0131l\u0131k kavram\u0131 ile anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Bir elektron g\u00f6zlem yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece s\u00fcper pozisyon halinde yani ayn\u0131 zamanda burada ve \u015furada olabilir. G\u00f6zlem yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise s\u00fcper pozisyon hali kaybolur ve tek bir duruma sahip olur; teknik tabirle, dalga fonksiyonu bir duruma \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f olur. Bu anlatt\u0131klar\u0131m sadece matematiksel bir betimleme olarak kalmaz. Daha sonra yap\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok deney Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019in dalga mekani\u011fini onaylar. Bu asl\u0131nda bilimsel bir devrimdir; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlarda do\u011faya bak\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z k\u00f6k\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir art\u0131k. Bug\u00fcn akl\u0131m\u0131za gelebilecek bir\u00e7ok teknolojik geli\u015fme (bilgisayar, cep telefonlar\u0131, LEDler, vs.) kuantum fizi\u011finin bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 takiben ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

MN: <\/strong>Murat, istersen do\u011fan\u0131n \u201colas\u0131l\u0131ksal\u201d yorumunu biraz daha konu\u015fal\u0131m. Maddenin bu olas\u0131l\u0131ksal davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve g\u00f6zlem yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olas\u0131l\u0131k fonksiyonunun bir duruma \u00e7\u00f6kmesi baz\u0131 fizik\u00e7ileri rahats\u0131z ediyor ve yeni bir tart\u0131\u015fmayla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131n\u0131yor. \u00d6te yandan Niels Bohr\u2019un ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi Kopenhag yorumu, g\u00f6zlemlenmemi\u015f bir elektronun nerede oldu\u011funu ve ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorman\u0131n anlams\u0131z oldu\u011funu belirtir ve \u201cdalga fonksiyonun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u201dn\u00fc kuantum mekani\u011finin postulatlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Ekim 1927\u2019deki 5. Solvay Kongresi\u2019nde Bohr ve Heisenberg ilkeyi savunurken Einstein ve Schr\u00f6dinger itiraz ederler. Daha sonralar\u0131 Schr\u00f6dinger, Solvay\u2019da dinledi\u011fi tezlere kar\u015f\u0131 bug\u00fcn Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019in kedisi problemi olarak an\u0131lan bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce deneyi geli\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

Deneye g\u00f6re kapal\u0131 bir kutuda, i\u00e7inde zehir olan bir \u015fi\u015fe, bir kedi ve \u015fi\u015feyi k\u0131racak bir \u00e7eki\u00e7 vard\u0131r. \u00c7ekicin hareket etmesini sa\u011flayan mekanizma, kuantum durumunda % 50 olas\u0131l\u0131kla bozunmu\u015f % 50 olas\u0131l\u0131kla bozunmam\u0131\u015f olan bir par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Par\u00e7ac\u0131k bozunursa \u00e7eki\u00e7 \u015fi\u015feyi k\u0131racak, zehir sal\u0131nacak ve kedi \u00f6lecektir. G\u00f6zlem yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yani kutu a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece kedinin \u00f6l\u00fc m\u00fc canl\u0131 m\u0131 oldu\u011funu bilinemez. Kutu d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnya ile tamamen yal\u0131t\u0131ksa kedi hem \u00f6l\u00fcd\u00fcr hem de canl\u0131. Schr\u00f6dinger b\u00f6yle bir deney ile neyi anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor?<\/p>\n

MT: <\/strong>Schr\u00f6dinger bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce deneyinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile b\u00fcy\u00fckler d\u00fcnyas\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. Bu \u015fekilde, s\u00f6zgelimi, bir elektronun haliyle bizim g\u00f6zleyebilece\u011fimiz makro bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ili\u015fkisini ortaya koyar. Onun \u00f6rne\u011findeki bir kedidir, ama bunu Caf\u00e9\u2019deki di\u011fer ki\u015filere veya kendimize de uygulayabiliriz; ben \u015fu masada m\u0131 oturuyorum yoksa \u015fu masada m\u0131? Makro d\u00fcnyada nas\u0131l bir kedinin \u00f6l\u00fc ya da canl\u0131 olma halinin bir arada olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmi\u015fsek ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde elektron i\u00e7in de bir yarg\u0131ya sahip olmal\u0131y\u0131zd\u0131r. \u015eunu eklemeden ge\u00e7meyeyim. Her ne kadar Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019in kedi \u00f6rne\u011fi Kopenhag yorumunu i\u011fnelemek ama\u00e7l\u0131 olsa da belki fizik tarihinin talihsizli\u011fi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden sanki tam tersine makro d\u00fcnyada s\u00fcperpozisyon ilkesini a\u00e7\u0131klarm\u0131\u015f gibi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcn b\u00f6ylesi modeller olsa da Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019in amac\u0131 hi\u00e7 de \u00f6yle de\u011fil. (4)<\/p>\n

Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019in bilime katk\u0131s\u0131 fizikle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. Pop\u00fcler bilim tarz\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ya\u015fam Nedir?<\/em> kitab\u0131yla (5) biyoloji bilimine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Okumu\u015f muydun?<\/p>\n

MN: <\/strong>Evet yeni bitirdim. B\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir bak\u0131\u015f elde edebilmek i\u00e7in Schr\u00f6dinger ya\u015fama fiziksel bir pencereden bakmay\u0131 denemi\u015f. \u201cOrganizman\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015finde kesin fiziksel yasalar var m\u0131? Yoksa canl\u0131 maddenin yap\u0131s\u0131 ola\u011fan fizik yasalar\u0131na indirgenemiyor mu? Bu yasalar atomik istatisti\u011fe dayand\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k olmaktan \u00f6teye gidemiyorlar m\u0131? Duyu organlar\u0131m\u0131z son tahlilde birer ayg\u0131t m\u0131? \u0130nsan, atomlar\u0131n hareketlerinden mi ibaret?\u201d gibi sorular\u0131 bir fizik\u00e7inin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ile irdeliyor. Sen ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsun eser hakk\u0131nda?<\/p>\n

MT:<\/strong> Kitap belki b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bilimsel eser de\u011fil. Hatta bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bilgi da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zla okundu\u011funda i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemli hatalar var. Ama aralar\u0131nda DNA\u2019n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffeden Crick\u2019in de oldu\u011fu bir\u00e7ok fizik\u00e7inin biyolojiye ilgi duymas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f. Biyolojide sadece dogmatik ve tasvir edici bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ile de\u011fil, t\u0131pk\u0131 fizikteki gibi a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 ve niceliksel bir metotla hareket edilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir itki yaratm\u0131\u015f diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u0130tiraf edeyim benim de ilk okudu\u011fum kitaplardan biriydi. Ezbersel diye uzak durdu\u011fum biyolojiye bak\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmesinde \u00f6nemli katk\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019e te\u015fekk\u00fcr etmem laz\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n

MN: <\/strong>Alpbach\u2019daki mezar\u0131na gitme f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulamad\u0131k ama istersen Viyana \u00dcniversitesi avlusundaki b\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6relim, kula\u011f\u0131na bir \u015feyler f\u0131s\u0131ldars\u0131n. \u015eu ana kadar konu\u015ftu\u011fumuz 4 bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n ortak noktas\u0131 bu \u00fcniversite; Freud ve Boltzmann\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcstleri, G\u00f6del\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphane ayn\u0131 yerde. \u201cViyana Kahvelerinde Bilim Tarihi\u201dnin sonuna geldik, biliyorsun. G\u00fczel bir veda olur.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019e selam\u2026<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

MT:<\/strong> Bu yaz\u0131 dizisindeki g\u00fczel muhabbettin i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim, bu vesile ile bilim tarihi ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u015fehir \u00fczerine \u00e7ok \u015fey \u00f6\u011frendim. Umar\u0131m yaz\u0131lar\u0131 okuyanlar da en az benim kadar keyif alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

MN: <\/strong>Umar\u0131m. Zengin sohbetin i\u00e7in \u201cDanke sch\u00f6n\u201d diyorum.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Albert Einstein ve Leopold Infeld, Fizi\u011fin Evrimi, Evrensel Bas\u0131m Yay\u0131n, (Ekim 2011).<\/p>\n

2) Murat Narog\u0306lu ve Murat Tug\u0306rul, Viyana kahvelerinde bilim tarihi: G\u00f6del ve Caf\u00e9 Central<\/em>, Bilim ve Gelecek dergisi, Say\u0131 122, s.80-82, (Nisan 2014).<\/p>\n

3) Murat Tug\u0306rul ve Murat Narog\u0306lu, Viyana kahvelerinde bilim tarihi: Boltzmann ve Caf\u00e9 Jelinek<\/em>, Bilim ve Gelecek dergisi, Say\u0131 126, s.54-56, (A\u011fustos 2014).<\/p>\n

4) Ian Stewart, In Pursuit of the Unknown<\/em>, Basic Books, (2012).<\/p>\n

5) Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger, Ya\u015fam Nedir? ile Ak\u0131l ve Madde ve \u00d6zya\u015fam\u00f6yk\u00fcsel Eskizler<\/em>, Evrim Kitap, (1999).<\/p>\n

\u0130leri Okuma<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Murat Tu\u011frul ve Murat Naro\u011flu, Viyana kahvelerinde bilim tarihi: Freud ve Caf\u00e9 Landtmann<\/em>, Bilim ve Gelecek dergisi, Say\u0131 120, s.68-70, (\u015eubat 2014).<\/p>\n

– Herbert Pietschmann, Das Ganze und seine Teile – Neues Denken seit der Quantenphysik<\/em>,\u00a0 European University Press, Ibera Verlag, Wien, (2013).<\/p>\n

– Richard Hammond, Evrenle S\u00f6yle\u015filer, Bilim ve Gelecek Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, (\u015eubat 2014).<\/p>\n

– John Gribbin, Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger and the Quantum Revolution<\/em>, Bantam Press, (2012).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Viyana \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin ana binas\u0131nda dola\u015f\u0131p avluya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda g\u00f6z\u00fcme \u00e7arpan ilk b\u00fcst Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019e aitti. Oturup bir \u015feyler i\u00e7ti\u011fim ilk kahve ise Caf\u00e9 Afro\u2019ydu. Kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00f6\u011frenci yurdundan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00fcniversitedeki b\u00f6l\u00fcme giderken Pasteur Soka\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ge\u00e7ip merdivenleri \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorum. Derslerden sonra Caf\u00e9 Afro\u2019da yemek yiyor, k\u00fct\u00fcphane \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019in b\u00fcst\u00fcne bak\u0131\u015f at\u0131p selam veriyorum. Bir y\u0131ldan uzun bir zaman […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":23823,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[167,26],"tags":[328],"class_list":["post-10369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-130-sayi","category-fizik","tag-kuantum-fizigi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/441"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10369"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10369\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}