{"id":10432,"date":"2011-04-26T20:07:02","date_gmt":"2011-04-26T17:07:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=10432"},"modified":"2017-05-26T20:12:22","modified_gmt":"2017-05-26T17:12:22","slug":"miller-deneyinden-kayip-ornekler-dunyadaki-erken-yasama-isik-tutuyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2011\/04\/26\/miller-deneyinden-kayip-ornekler-dunyadaki-erken-yasama-isik-tutuyor","title":{"rendered":"Miller deneyinden \u201ckay\u0131p\u201d \u00f6rnekler d\u00fcnyadaki erken ya\u015fama \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Stanley Miller\u2019\u0131n 1953\u2019te yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve organik bile\u015fiklerin sentezini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi deneyin ya\u015fam\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu deneyden 5 y\u0131l sonra Miller benzer bir deneyden \u00f6rnekler olu\u015fturdu, bu \u00f6rnekleri raflara dizdi ve i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bildi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca o \u00f6rneklere hi\u00e7 d\u00f6nmedi.<\/p>\n

50 y\u0131l sonra, Miller\u2019\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencisi ve UC San Diego\u2019da deniz kimyas\u0131 profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan Jeffrey Bada Miller\u2019\u0131n laboratuvardaki \u00f6rneklerini buldu ve d\u00fcnyadaki ilk ya\u015fam formlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcreten s\u00fcrecin ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 say\u0131labilecek bir bulu\u015f yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Jeffrey Bada ve \u00f6\u011frencisi Eric Parker\u2019\u0131n Miller\u2019\u0131n \u00f6rneklerini yeniden analiz ettikleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 21 Mart 2011\u2019de PNAS<\/em>\u2019ta yay\u0131nland\u0131. Miller\u2019\u0131n 1958\u2019deki deneyinde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n erken d\u00f6neminde atmosferde var oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen hidrojen s\u00fclfit gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131na eklenmi\u015f ve bunun s\u00fclf\u00fcr ve di\u011fer amino asitlerin sentezlenmesinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bada\u2019n\u0131n grubunun Miller\u2019\u0131n d\u00f6neminde olanakl\u0131 olmayan teknikleri kullanarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 analiz d\u00fcnyan\u0131n erken d\u00f6neminde bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fimdiye kadar fark\u0131nda olmad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli organik bile\u015fiklerin var olabilece\u011fine i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

Yeni bulgular, atmosferik hidrojen s\u00fclfitin kayna\u011f\u0131 olan volkanlar\u0131n y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mla birle\u015fmesiyle basit gazlar\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli amino asitlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bunlar\u0131n erken d\u00f6nem proteinleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezini destekliyor. Bada\u2019n\u0131n bir di\u011fer bulgusu ise Miller\u2019\u0131n deneyinde hidrojen s\u00fclfitle \u00fcretilen amino asitlerin g\u00f6kta\u015flar\u0131nda bulunanlarla benzerli\u011fi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bulgular, laboratuvar deneylerindeki gibi baz\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin, ya\u015fam\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan organik maddelerin evrende nas\u0131l yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylelikle ya\u015fam\u0131n d\u00fcnya d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 modelini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren hipotezi destekliyor.<\/p>\n

1970\u2019lere kadar Miller\u2019\u0131n da i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda fark\u0131nda olmadan s\u00fclf\u00fcr y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zengin amino asitleri olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. 1950\u2019lerde Miller\u2019\u0131n Harold Urey ile birlikte yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk deneylerde metan, amonyak, su buhar\u0131 ve hidrojenden olu\u015fan gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n yapabilece\u011fi gibi elektriksel ak\u0131m ge\u00e7irildi. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n erken d\u00f6nemindeki ko\u015fullar\u0131 canland\u0131rabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen bu deneyde \u201ck\u00f6kensel \u00e7orba\u201d olarak da bilinen bir\u00e7ok basit amino asit ve di\u011fer organik bile\u015fikler olu\u015fturuldu.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok yer bilimci volkanlar\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi elektrik enerjisi ve gazlar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, gen\u00e7 bir gezegende volkanlar\u0131n bug\u00fcne nazaran geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde suyla kapland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ya\u015fam\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ilgili maddelerin yeterli miktarda birikebilmesi i\u00e7in vaha oldu\u011funu ve bunun sonucunda bu maddelerin \u00f6nce daha karma\u015f\u0131k molek\u00fcllere ve sonunda ilkel hayata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bada, Miller\u2019\u0131n saklanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6rneklerini yeniden analiz etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve daha \u00f6nceden bilinmeyen \u00f6rneklerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131nca volkanlar\u0131n erken ya\u015fam\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Miller\u2019\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc deneyinden kalan \u00f6rneklerin analiz edilmesiyle 2008\u2019de Bada\u2019n\u0131n ekibi Miller\u2019\u0131n sahip olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 teknikleri kullanarak onun bulabildi\u011finden \u00e7ok daha fazla amino asit tespit edebildi.<\/p>\n

Bada\u2019n\u0131n ekibi Miller\u2019\u0131n klasik deneyini tekrarl\u0131yor. Bada, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck mikrodalga ate\u015fleme ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n da i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu modern cihazlarla Miller\u2019\u0131n haftalar s\u00fcren deneylerinin bir g\u00fcnde yap\u0131labildi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Kaynak<\/strong>: http:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2011\/03\/110321161904.htm01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stanley Miller\u2019\u0131n 1953\u2019te yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve organik bile\u015fiklerin sentezini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi deneyin ya\u015fam\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu deneyden 5 y\u0131l sonra Miller benzer bir deneyden \u00f6rnekler olu\u015fturdu, bu \u00f6rnekleri raflara dizdi ve i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bildi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca o \u00f6rneklere hi\u00e7 d\u00f6nmedi. 50 y\u0131l sonra, Miller\u2019\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencisi ve UC San Diego\u2019da deniz kimyas\u0131 profes\u00f6r\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":820,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[123,19],"tags":[258,315],"class_list":["post-10432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-86-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-biyokimya","tag-jeoloji"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t