{"id":10480,"date":"2011-04-01T21:03:20","date_gmt":"2011-04-01T18:03:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=10480"},"modified":"2017-05-26T21:10:34","modified_gmt":"2017-05-26T18:10:34","slug":"bagdatin-gri-duvarlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2011\/04\/01\/bagdatin-gri-duvarlari","title":{"rendered":"Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n gri duvarlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mezhep ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n derinle\u015fti\u011fi Irak\u2019ta, \u015eii ve S\u00fcnni yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerinin aras\u0131na \u00e7ekilen beton duvarlar\u0131 y\u0131kmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ama insanlar aras\u0131ndaki \u201cduvarlar\u0131\u201d kald\u0131rmak o kadar da kolay g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. \u00dclke mezhepler ve etnik gruplar aras\u0131nda \u00f6yle bir b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f ki ne yollar ne de Dicle\u2019nin \u00fczerindeki k\u00f6pr\u00fcler art\u0131k onlar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayabiliyor.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"Irak\u2019\u0131n ABD ve \u0130ngiltere taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgalinin 8. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcne (20 Mart) yak\u0131n g\u00fcnlerde ajanslara d\u00fc\u015fen bir haberde, \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerine \u00f6r\u00fclen gri duvarlar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131yordu. ABD, \u201ckitle imha silahlar\u0131na sahip\u201d, \u201cburaya demokrasi getirece\u011fiz\u201d gibi yalanlarla i\u015fgal etti\u011fi Irak\u2019ta tam bir batakl\u0131\u011fa saplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015eiddet olaylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesemeyince de kenti duvar ya da tellerle b\u00f6lmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Her bir duvar ya da tel \u00f6rg\u00fc kontrol noktas\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, bu da kimlik kontrol\u00fc, gecikme ve trafik t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/p>\n

Mezhep ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n derinle\u015fti\u011fi Irak\u2019ta, \u015eii ve S\u00fcnni yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerinin aras\u0131na \u00e7ekilen beton duvarlar\u0131 y\u0131kmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ama insanlar aras\u0131ndaki \u201cduvarlar\u0131\u201d kald\u0131rmak o kadar da kolay g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. \u00dclke mezhepler ve etnik gruplar aras\u0131nda \u00f6yle bir b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f ki ne yollar ne de Dicle\u2019nin \u00fczerindeki k\u00f6pr\u00fcler art\u0131k onlar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayabiliyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fgal boyunca giderek daha da \u00e7irkinle\u015fen ve harabeye d\u00f6nen Ba\u011fdat i\u00e7in film yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 Muhammed Kas\u0131m, \u201cBa\u011fdat \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir k\u0131za benziyor. Ama o k\u0131z \u00e7amurun i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Birisi kald\u0131r\u0131p y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc y\u0131kamal\u0131\u201d diye konu\u015fuyor d\u00fc\u015f k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde.<\/p>\n

Mahallelerin ortas\u0131na \u00f6r\u00fclen duvarlar sava\u015f\u0131n sembolleri gibi. Kimisinin \u00fczerine do\u011fadan manzaralar kimisine de Irak tarihinden g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler i\u015flenmi\u015f. Bu arada, ressamlar\u0131n paras\u0131n\u0131 duvarlar\u0131n mucidi Amerikal\u0131lar \u00f6demi\u015f! Baz\u0131 duvarlar ilan as\u0131lan veya sloganlar\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 panolar haline gelse de \u00e7o\u011fu insana arkas\u0131nda gizli bir tehlikeyi bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor duygusunu verecek kadar so\u011fuk ve gri.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta metrelerce y\u00fckseklikte ve 5 kilometre uzunlu\u011fundaki bir duvar, \u201c\u015eii sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda S\u00fcnni Azamiye Mahallesi\u2019ne yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. ABD kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Radikal \u015eii lider Mukteda El Sadr, duvar in\u015faat\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131nayarak, bu durumun protesto edilmesini istemi\u015fti. Sadr, yaz\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda Irakl\u0131lar\u0131n protestolarla \u201cS\u00fcnni ve \u015eii ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 isteyen mezhep\u00e7i, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve haks\u0131z duvar\u0131\u201d reddettiklerini belirtmi\u015fti. Sadr, kutsal topraklar\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in S\u00fcnnilerle el ele vereceklerini de bildirmi\u015fti.
\nAzamiye mahallesinde, 2 binden fazla S\u00fcnni, Amerikan ordusunun \u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 duvar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli slogan ve pankartlarla protesto etmi\u015f, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerini mahpusa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrece\u011fini ve ter\u00f6ristler i\u00e7in daha kolay hedef olacaklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdi. G\u00f6stericiler \u201cG\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131na hay\u0131r\u201d, \u201cAzamiye \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, Ba\u011fdat\u201d\u0131 duvars\u0131z g\u00f6rmek istiyor\u201d yaz\u0131l\u0131 pankartlar ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015eii Sadr Mahallesi\u2019nde de yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 bin ki\u015finin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir protestoda, \u201chay\u0131r, ayr\u0131ma hay\u0131r\u201d diye slogan at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ellerindeki pankartlardan birinde, \u201cDuvar\u0131n \u00f6r\u00fclmesi Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r\u201d deniliyordu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

G\u00fcvenlik sorunu s\u00fcr\u00fcyor <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Irak\u2019ta, i\u015fgalin 8. y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik h\u00e2l\u00e2 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorun. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Arap Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta Mart\u2019ta yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan y\u0131ll\u0131k toplant\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik gerek\u00e7esiyle May\u0131s\u2019\u0131n sonuna ertelendi. \u0130lk ge\u00e7en haziran ay\u0131nda Ankara\u2019da yap\u0131lan \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ve Irak \u0130li\u015fkileri Tarihi ve Gelece\u011fe Y\u00f6nelik A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar Sempozyumu\u201dnun ikincisi Mart ay\u0131nda Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta yap\u0131lacakt\u0131. Benim de kat\u0131lmay\u0131 istedi\u011fim toplant\u0131 yine g\u00fcvenlik sorunu nedeniyle ertelendi. Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta baz\u0131 gazetecilerin kald\u0131klar\u0131 otelden Dicle\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, h\u00fck\u00fcmet organlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u201cYe\u015fil B\u00f6lge\u201dye r\u00f6portaja giderken bile h\u00e2l\u00e2 sorunlar ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyuyoruz. \u0130\u015fte hal b\u00f6yleyken, d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cnormalle\u015fiyoruz\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc vermek isteyen Ba\u015fbakan Nuri el-Maliki\u2019nin, Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki duvarlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sorumlu bir y\u00fcksek komite kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in talimat verdi\u011fi bildiriliyor.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 \u00e7evreler, duvarlar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n artaca\u011f\u0131 endi\u015fesini ta\u015f\u0131yor. Asl\u0131nda, bu endi\u015felerinde pek de haks\u0131z say\u0131lmazlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri ve Maliye bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bomba y\u00fckl\u00fc arac\u0131n patlamas\u0131 sonucunda \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f, binalar a\u011f\u0131r hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Amerikal\u0131lar, \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesemeyince de kenti duvar ya da tellerle b\u00f6lmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\"\" Sadr mahallesine ise duvar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k ve sevin\u00e7 hakim. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc duvardan sonra \u00e7evresindeki d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar kapanm\u0131\u015f, evler bo\u015falm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ge\u00e7enlerde bir buldozer ve vincin duvar\u0131 y\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren halk \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7indeydi. \u201cBiz ona \u2018Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019 ismini vermi\u015ftik\u201d diyen Saad Halef (41), \u201c\u015eimdi rahat nefes alaca\u011f\u0131z. Yemin billah, d\u00fcn o taraftan gelen esintiyi hissettim\u201d diyerek sevincini anlat\u0131yor. Duvar y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in halk kurban kesmi\u015f. Burada hayat\u0131n eskiye d\u00f6n\u00fcp d\u00f6nmeyece\u011fi belli de\u011fil ama kar\u015f\u0131da bo\u015f bir arsa, in\u015faat halindeki binan\u0131n paslanm\u0131\u015f demir iskeleti ve \u015farapnel yemi\u015f bir ba\u015fka binadan olu\u015fan manzara bile gri duvardan sonra g\u00fczel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor g\u00f6zlerine.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015finde de belirtti\u011fimiz gibi beton duvarlar\u0131 buldozer ve vin\u00e7lerle kald\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn, ancak Saddam\u2019\u0131n bask\u0131c\u0131 rejiminin ard\u0131ndan yabanc\u0131 i\u015fgalinin daha da artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mezhep\u00e7ilik y\u00fcz\u00fcnden olu\u015fan duvarlar\u0131 y\u0131kmak g\u00fc\u00e7. Mezhepler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n mimarisini sadece \u00e7irkin gri duvarlarla de\u011fil ba\u015fka a\u00e7\u0131lardan da etkilemi\u015f durumda. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u015eiilerin On iki \u0130mamlardan ikisinin t\u00fcrbesine sahip Kaz\u0131miye\u2019ye, S\u00fcnni b\u00f6lgesine u\u011framadan gitmelerini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in 14 Temmuz isimli yeni bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Anlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, eskiden birbirinden k\u0131z al\u0131p veren, yan yana evlerde ya\u015fayan S\u00fcnni ve \u015eiiler art\u0131k birbirlerinin mahallesine bile giremez olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bu arada, \u015eubat tarihli bir haberde Ba\u011fdat Belediyesi\u2019nin kente verdi\u011fi zarardan dolay\u0131 ABD\u2019den 1 milyar dolar tazminat istedi\u011fi belirtiliyordu. Kentin altyap\u0131s\u0131 ve esteti\u011finin Amerikan ordusunca ciddi bi\u00e7imde zedelendi\u011finin vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada \u201cABD g\u00fc\u00e7leri bu g\u00fczel \u015fehri \u00e7irkin ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bir kampa d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fcler\u201d deniliyordu. A\u00e7\u0131klamada ayr\u0131ca \u201cBa\u011fdat belediyesini kar\u015f\u0131layamayaca\u011f\u0131 kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck kayba sokan bu devasa zarar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, Amerikan taraf\u0131n\u0131n Ba\u011fdat halk\u0131ndan \u00f6z\u00fcr dilemesini ve bu masraflar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 istiyoruz\u201d deniliyordu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fgalin 8. y\u0131l\u0131nda Irak<\/strong><\/p>\n

Irak, 20 Mart 2003\u2019te ABD ve \u0130ngiltere taraf\u0131ndan \u201ckitle imha silahlar\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle i\u015fgal edildi. \u0130\u015fgalin 8. y\u0131l\u0131nda ise bunun yalan oldu\u011fu kesinle\u015fti. Amerikan y\u00f6netimine Irak\u2019\u0131n biyolojik silahlar \u00fcretti\u011fi bilgisini veren Irakl\u0131 kimya m\u00fchendisi Rafid Ahmed Alwan el-Cenabi, \u015eubat ay\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz Guardian<\/em> gazetesine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada yalan s\u00f6yledi\u011fini ilk kez kabul etti.<\/p>\n

El-Cenabi, 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda Saddam H\u00fcseyin rejiminden ka\u00e7arak Amerikan ve Alman istihbarat\u0131na, Irak\u2019\u0131n biyolojik silahlara sahip oldu\u011fu ve bu silahlar\u0131n kamyonlarla ta\u015f\u0131nabildi\u011fi gibi yalan haberler \u00fcreterek Amerikal\u0131lara Irak\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgali i\u00e7in gerek\u00e7e verdi\u011fini ve bundan pi\u015fman olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Amerikan D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Colin Powel, 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmada el-Cenabi\u2019nin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 uydurma bilgileri, biyolojik silahlar\u0131n \u00fcretilmesine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015f bir kaynaktan gelen bilgiler olarak sunmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fgalin ana gerek\u00e7esi elbette ne Bush\u2019un \u201cdemokrasi g\u00f6t\u00fcrece\u011fiz\u201d palavras\u0131 ne de kitle imha silahlar\u0131 tehlikesiydi; Eski ABD Savunma Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Paul Wolfowitz\u2019in (delik \u00e7orap), 3 Haziran 2003\u2019te Singapur\u2019daki Asya G\u00fcvenlik Zirvesi\u2019nde sarf etti\u011fi, \u201cIrak petrol i\u00e7inde y\u00fcz\u00fcyor\u201d s\u00f6zleri yeterli.<\/p>\n

Irak i\u015fgali, 100 binden fazla insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne, nesiller boyu s\u00fcrecek travmalara yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Irak\u2019ta \u00e7ocuklar dahil herhangi bir \u015fiddet olay\u0131na tan\u0131k olmayan insan yok gibi. \u00dclkede 2 milyonu yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmak suretiyle 4,7 milyon insan yerinden yurdundan oldu. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler M\u00fclteciler Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi (BMMYK) 2008\u2019den sonra \u00fclkeye d\u00f6nen on binlerce insan oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Ancak \u00e7o\u011fu d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne pi\u015fman. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015fgalin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131na k\u0131yasla \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de g\u00fcvenlik sorunu devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Irak\u2019taki ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 bug\u00fcn ayaklanmalar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Arap \u00fclkelerinden daha k\u00f6t\u00fc. Halk temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layam\u0131yor. Ba\u015fkent Ba\u011fdat da dahil \u00fclkenin bir\u00e7ok yerinde elektrik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemi do\u011fru d\u00fcr\u00fcst i\u015flemiyor. N\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc fakirlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130\u015fsizlik y\u00fczde 30\u2019larda.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 \u015eeffafl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (Transperancy International) verilerine g\u00f6re Irak yolsuzluklar\u0131n en yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda ilk \u00fc\u00e7teki yerini koruyor. ABD i\u015fgalinin ard\u0131ndan g\u00f6reve gelen siyaset\u00e7i ve liderler kendilerine ve yak\u0131n \u00e7evrelerine mevki ve imtiyaz sa\u011flama kayg\u0131s\u0131nda. Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u201ch\u0131zla geli\u015fiyor\u201d, \u201cIrak\u2019\u0131n geri kalan\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 tablo \u00e7iziyor\u201d dedi\u011fi Kuzey Irak\u2019ta binalar y\u00fckseliyor ama sosyal anlamda bir iyile\u015fme oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7. B\u00f6lgede, yozla\u015fma, r\u00fc\u015fvet, adam kay\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na say\u0131s\u0131z \u00f6rnek var. Ge\u00e7en ay, \u0130ngiliz Avam Kamaras\u0131\u2019nda d\u00fczenlenen \u201cK\u00fcrdistan\u201d konulu toplant\u0131y\u0131 basan Barzani kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir grup insan haklar\u0131 savunucusu, \u0130ngiliz milletvekillerine \u201cSiz K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n dostu de\u011fil, petrol\u00fcn dostusunuz\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131rken olay\u0131 da \u00f6zetlemi\u015f oluyorlard\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mezhep ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n derinle\u015fti\u011fi Irak\u2019ta, \u015eii ve S\u00fcnni yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerinin aras\u0131na \u00e7ekilen beton duvarlar\u0131 y\u0131kmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ama insanlar aras\u0131ndaki \u201cduvarlar\u0131\u201d kald\u0131rmak o kadar da kolay g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. \u00dclke mezhepler ve etnik gruplar aras\u0131nda \u00f6yle bir b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f ki ne yollar ne de Dicle\u2019nin \u00fczerindeki k\u00f6pr\u00fcler art\u0131k onlar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayabiliyor. Irak\u2019\u0131n ABD ve \u0130ngiltere taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgalinin 8. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcne (20 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":202,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[123,29],"tags":[688,689,536],"class_list":["post-10480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-86-sayi","category-toplum","tag-isgal","tag-irak","tag-siyaset"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t