{"id":10619,"date":"2010-03-01T12:50:11","date_gmt":"2010-03-01T10:50:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=10619"},"modified":"2017-05-29T12:52:25","modified_gmt":"2017-05-29T09:52:25","slug":"ari-dilinde-dur-sinyali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2010\/03\/01\/ari-dilinde-dur-sinyali","title":{"rendered":"Ar\u0131 dilinde \u201cdur\u201d sinyali"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pozitif ve negatif geri aktar\u0131m d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri biyolojik sistemlerde bilgi i\u015flenmesinin anahtar elementleridir. B\u00f6yle geri aktar\u0131m d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri h\u00fccre i\u00e7i ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sinyaller gibi bir\u00e7ok seviyede bilgi iletimi ve karar almay\u0131 sa\u011flar. S\u00fcperorganizmalar i\u00e7inde yer alan sosyal gruplardaki bireyler v\u00fccuttaki tek bir h\u00fccre gibi davran\u0131rlar ve merkezi bir kontrol yerine kendi kendine \u00f6rg\u00fctledikleri davran\u0131\u015flar a\u011f\u0131na g\u00fcvenirler. Ar\u0131lar s\u00fcperorganizmalara \u00f6rnek bir sosyal gruptur ve ar\u0131 kolonilerinde karar alma, kendi kendine \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen geri aktar\u0131ml\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar kullan\u0131larak, bir\u00e7ok bireyden koloniye h\u0131zl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir bilgiler aktar\u0131lmas\u0131yla olu\u015fur. Bal ar\u0131lar\u0131 besin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda waggle dans\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen pozitif geri aktar\u0131mla koloniye haber iletirler. S\u00fcperorganizmalardaki bir\u00e7ok pozitif geri aktar\u0131m sinyali biliniyor olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, negatif geri aktar\u0131m sinyallerinden \u00e7ok az\u0131 biliniyor.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10620\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10620\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10620\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/1.jpg-2-300x236.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"236\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10620\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Besin kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde yer bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan farkl\u0131 kolonilerden ar\u0131lar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde bal ar\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, ar\u0131lar\u0131n tehlike durumlar\u0131nda kolonideki di\u011fer bireyleri \u201cdur\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen bir i\u015faretle uyard\u0131klar\u0131 bulunmu\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada var olan tek besin kayna\u011f\u0131na yak\u0131n birden fazla ar\u0131 kolonisi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Tek besin kayna\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulan rekabet ortam\u0131nda sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayan kolonideki bireylerin \u00f6zel bir sinyal olu\u015fturarak besine do\u011fru gelen di\u011fer koloni bireylerini durdurdu\u011fu g\u00f6zlenmi\u015f. Bal ar\u0131lar\u0131 besin ve di\u011fer kaynaklar i\u00e7in waggle dans\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen k\u0131sa rit\u00fcellerle ileti\u015fim kurarlar. Tehlikeli yerlerde sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayan ar\u0131lar di\u011fer bireylere waggle dans\u0131n\u0131 durdur sinyali g\u00f6nderirler. B\u00f6ylece kolonideki bireylerin bu b\u00f6lgeye hareketi durdurulmu\u015f olur.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDur sinyali\u201d ar\u0131n\u0131n bir saniyenin onda biri kadar titre\u015fimiyle (saniyede 380 defa) olu\u015fturulup sonland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu s\u0131rada, sinyal ileten ar\u0131 kafas\u0131n\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131 ar\u0131n\u0131n i\u011fnesinin oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeye do\u011fru sokmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ar\u0131larla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu sinyale \u201cyalvar\u0131\u015f \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 y\u00f6neten Do\u00e7. Dr. James Nieh\u00a0 \u201c Dur Sinyali\u201d demeyi tercih ediyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc deneyler s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu sinyali g\u00f6ren waggle dans\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 dans etmeyi b\u0131rak\u0131p b\u00f6lgeden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015flar. Deneyler s\u0131ras\u0131nda sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayan ar\u0131lardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 dur sinyalini ifade eden titre\u015fim dans\u0131n\u0131 40 kere yaparak \u00e7evredeki bir\u00e7ok koloni bireyini ortamdan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Uzakla\u015fan ar\u0131lar kolonideki di\u011fer ar\u0131lar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde uyararak b\u00f6lgenin tehlikeli oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015fler. B\u00f6ylece besin olan b\u00f6lgeye ar\u0131lar\u0131n hareketinin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. Sald\u0131rgan ar\u0131 grubunda ise herhangi bir dur sinyali g\u00f6zlemlenmemi\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>Biyologlar i\u00e7in dur sinyalinin ke\u015ffinin ilgi \u00e7ekici yan\u0131 ise negatif geri aktar\u0131m sinyallerinden birinin daha bulunmu\u015f olmas\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu sinyal, s\u00fcperorganizmalarda ke\u015ffedilen negatif geri aktar\u0131m sinyal \u00f6rneklerinden sadece ikincisi.<\/p>\n<p>(Kaynak: A Negative Feedback Signal That Is Triggered by Peril Curbs Honey Bee Recruitment, James C. Nieh, Current Biology 20, 310\u2013315, February 23, 2010.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pozitif ve negatif geri aktar\u0131m d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri biyolojik sistemlerde bilgi i\u015flenmesinin anahtar elementleridir. B\u00f6yle geri aktar\u0131m d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri h\u00fccre i\u00e7i ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sinyaller gibi bir\u00e7ok seviyede bilgi iletimi ve karar almay\u0131 sa\u011flar. S\u00fcperorganizmalar i\u00e7inde yer alan sosyal gruplardaki bireyler v\u00fccuttaki tek bir h\u00fccre gibi davran\u0131rlar ve merkezi bir kontrol yerine kendi kendine \u00f6rg\u00fctledikleri davran\u0131\u015flar a\u011f\u0131na g\u00fcvenirler. Ar\u0131lar [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":818,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[110,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-73-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/818"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10619"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10619\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}