{"id":10628,"date":"2010-03-01T12:58:46","date_gmt":"2010-03-01T10:58:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=10628"},"modified":"2017-05-29T13:03:18","modified_gmt":"2017-05-29T10:03:18","slug":"oluyu-canlandirmak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2010\/03\/01\/oluyu-canlandirmak","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6l\u00fcy\u00fc canland\u0131rmak"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kopenhag \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Profes\u00f6r Willerslev ve ekibi, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l t\u00fcyl\u00fc bir mamuta ve eski bir insana ait mitokondrial genomu \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fcklerinde uluslararas\u0131 dikkatleri \u00fczerlerine \u00e7ekmi\u015flerdi. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ise eski d\u00f6nemlere ait bir insan\u0131n \u00e7ekirdek genomunun y\u00fczde 80\u2019ini \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, genomik dizisini kullanarak, Gr\u00f6nland\u2019da 4000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f bir k\u00fclt\u00fcre ait bir erkek bireyin resmini \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla, m\u00fczelerde muhafaza edilen ya da do\u011fada bulunan eski \u00e7a\u011flara ait kal\u0131nt\u0131lara modern teknikler uygulanarak eski \u00e7a\u011flarda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f insanlar\u0131n sa\u00e7 rengi, kas yap\u0131s\u0131, y\u00fcz hatlar\u0131, boy uzunlu\u011fu gibi fenotipik karakterlerinin belirlenmesi art\u0131k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00f6z konusu ke\u015fif, 4000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce kuzeybat\u0131 Gr\u00f6nland\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Saqqaq k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden bir insana ait bir tutam sa\u00e7\u0131n analizi sonucu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bilim insanlar\u0131, genomunu \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131klar\u0131 bireye, Gr\u00f6nland dilinde \u201cadam veya insan\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cInuk\u201d ismini takm\u0131\u015flar. \u0130nuk\u2019un g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Gr\u00f6nland\u2019da ya\u015fayan modern \u201c\u0130nuit\u201dlerden \u00e7ok, kuzeydo\u011fu Sibirya\u2019da ya\u015fayan kabilelere benzedi\u011fini g\u00f6ren ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, \u0130nuk\u2019un atalar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 4400 ile 6400 y\u0131l \u00f6nce kuzeydo\u011fu Sibirya\u2019dan Gr\u00f6nland\u2019a, Amerikan yerlileri ve \u0130nuit atalar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 ile geldiklerini bulmu\u015flar.<\/p>\n<p>Professor Willerslev, Gr\u00f6nland\u2019da eski d\u00f6nem insanlar\u0131na ait kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 birka\u00e7 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z giri\u015fimden sonra, Danimarka\u2019daki Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi\u2019nin direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Dr. Morten Meldgaard\u2019\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla 1980\u2019lerde kuzeybat\u0131 Gr\u00f6nland\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda bulunan ve \u015fu an Danimarka\u2019daki Gr\u00f6nland Ulusal M\u00fczesi\u2019nde tutulan bir tutam sa\u00e7\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan haberdar olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>Gr\u00f6nland Ulusal M\u00fczesi\u2019nden gerekli izinler al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra, molek\u00fcler biyoloji teknikleri kullan\u0131larak sa\u00e7tan DNA analizi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve sa\u00e7\u0131n bir erkek bireye ait oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015f. Yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma i\u015flemiyle, Gr\u00f6nland\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f tarih \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6neme ait \u0130nuk\u2019un kelli\u011fe e\u011filimi, kahverengi g\u00f6zleri, kulak kiri, koyu teni, A(+) kan grubu, k\u00fcrek \u015fekilli \u00f6n di\u015fleri, yatk\u0131n oldu\u011fu hastal\u0131klar ve genetik olarak so\u011fu\u011fa uyumu gibi \u00f6zellikleri genomu incelenerek bulunmu\u015f. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda proje \u00f6nemli; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibinin elinde Gr\u00f6nland\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ilk insanlardan sadece 4 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kemik par\u00e7as\u0131 ve bir tutam sa\u00e7\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka biyolojik kal\u0131nt\u0131 yok.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10629\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10629\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10629\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/1.jpg-4-300x203.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/1.jpg-4-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/1.jpg-4.png 306w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10629\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Genom bilgisine dayan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada \u0130nuk\u2019un ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan profili.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada Inuk\u2019un ger\u00e7ek anlamda bir profilini \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in az miktarda arta kalm\u0131\u015f ve k\u0131smen zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f DNA dizilerinin birle\u015ftirilmesi ve kimyasal analiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu doktora \u00f6\u011frencisi Morten Rasmussen taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u00c7in\u2019de fazla say\u0131da DNA dizileme makineleri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00c7in ile birlikte ortakla\u015fa ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada kullan\u0131lan teknolojinin yeni olmas\u0131 ve DNA\u2019da meydana gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck hasarlar nedeniyle mamutun genomunda hatalar ve bo\u015fluklar olu\u015fmu\u015f. \u00d6te yandan \u0130nuk\u2019un genomunun modern insan\u0131n genomuyla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir d\u00fczeyde kaliteli olmas\u0131, daha \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan kazan\u0131lan deneyim ve biyoloji alan\u0131ndaki teknolojik ilerlemeler, projenin ba\u015far\u0131yla sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rler olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Daha \u00f6nceden modern bir insan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn genomunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrerken, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada bulunan yeni teknoloji ve dizileme makinelerinin \u00e7oklu\u011fu sebebiyle \u0130nuk\u2019un genomunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek sadece birka\u00e7 ay s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada ilgin\u00e7 olan ise, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibinin \u201cNeden \u0130skandinavyal\u0131lar sar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u201d, \u201cNeden baz\u0131 insanlar belirli hastal\u0131klara yatk\u0131n\u201d ya da \u201cNeden baz\u0131 insanlarda alkol ve sigara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha kolay geli\u015fiyor\u201d gibi sorular\u0131n cevaplar\u0131n\u0131n genleri inceleyerek bulunabilece\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Daha \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, DNA\u2019n\u0131n kutup b\u00f6lgelerindeki toprak tabakalar\u0131nda donmu\u015f bir durumda olmas\u0131 gerekirken, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresince geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi teknoloji ile bu art\u0131k bir zorunluluk olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Elde edilen bilgilerle, yak\u0131n zamanda yok olmu\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin yay\u0131lmalar\u0131 ve g\u00f6\u00e7leri hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Ayr\u0131ca, yap\u0131lan bu ke\u015fifler, kal\u0131t\u0131m anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve atalar\u0131m\u0131zdan bizlere miras kalan hastal\u0131klarla ilgili bilgilerimizi yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmemizi sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n<p>(<strong>Kaynak<\/strong>: Waking the dead (10.02.2010). http:\/\/news.ku.dk\/all_news\/2010\/2010.2\/human_genome\/)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kopenhag \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Profes\u00f6r Willerslev ve ekibi, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l t\u00fcyl\u00fc bir mamuta ve eski bir insana ait mitokondrial genomu \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fcklerinde uluslararas\u0131 dikkatleri \u00fczerlerine \u00e7ekmi\u015flerdi. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ise eski d\u00f6nemlere ait bir insan\u0131n \u00e7ekirdek genomunun y\u00fczde 80\u2019ini \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, genomik dizisini kullanarak, Gr\u00f6nland\u2019da 4000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f bir k\u00fclt\u00fcre ait bir erkek bireyin resmini \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":348,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[110,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-73-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/348"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10628"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10628\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10628"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}