{"id":10676,"date":"2011-05-01T21:09:08","date_gmt":"2011-05-01T18:09:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=10676"},"modified":"2017-05-29T21:13:04","modified_gmt":"2017-05-29T18:13:04","slug":"bir-satranc-efsanesi-robert-james-bobby-fischer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2011\/05\/01\/bir-satranc-efsanesi-robert-james-bobby-fischer","title":{"rendered":"Bir satran\u00e7 efsanesi Robert James \u2018\u2019Bobby\u2019\u2019 Fischer"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu pop\u00fclarite ile satranc\u0131n rockstar\u0131 olarak da an\u0131lan 11. D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonu (1972-1975) Bobby Fischer\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z bu ay. D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fampiyonlar\u0131ndan kabul edilen Fisher 1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda Chicago\u2019da do\u011far. Hen\u00fcz 2 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken annesi ve babas\u0131 bo\u015fan\u0131r; Bobby ve ablas\u0131 Joan, anneleri Regina Wender ile birlikte Brooklyn\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar. 6 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken ablas\u0131n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 satran\u00e7 tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n oyun k\u0131lavuzundan satranc\u0131 nas\u0131l oynayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeye ba\u015flayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Bobby, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde bir satran\u00e7 fanati\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. 7 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Brooklyn Satran\u00e7 Kul\u00fcb\u00fc\u2019ne gitmeye ba\u015flar, ilk ciddi turnuvas\u0131n\u0131 1953\u2019te, 10 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken, bu kul\u00fcpte oynar.<\/p>\n

12 ya\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011finde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en sayg\u0131n kul\u00fcplerinden biri olan Manhattan Satran\u00e7 Kul\u00fcb\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r bile. Bobby ciddi bir \u00fcyedir, her g\u00fcn elinde Rus\u00e7a, \u0130spanyolca, \u0130ngilizce satran\u00e7 yay\u0131nlar\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, her ma\u00e7\u0131 kazanmak i\u00e7in oynar ve bunu \u00f6l\u00fcm kal\u0131m meselesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. \u201cYapmak istedi\u011fim tek \u015fey satran\u00e7 oynamak\u201d s\u00f6zleri de bunu ispatlar niteliktedir. Satranca iyice kap\u0131lan Fischer 1956\u2019da K\u00fcba\u2019ya gidip Capablanca Satran\u00e7 Kul\u00fcb\u00fc\u2019nde\u00a0sim\u00fcltane bir ma\u00e7 bile yapar. 13 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken ABD gen\u00e7ler turnuvas\u0131n\u0131n galibi olur ve bu ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 yakalayan en gen\u00e7 oyuncu olarak satran\u00e7 tarihine ad\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131r\u0131r. ABD Satran\u00e7 \u015eampiyonlu\u011fu\u2019nu kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise sadece 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r ve o zamana kadar bu unvana ula\u015fan en gen\u00e7 isimdir. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l, Portoroz Interzonal\u2019ine kat\u0131lmaya hak kazan\u0131r; turnuva, be\u015fincili\u011fi payla\u015fmas\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r ve \u201cen gen\u00e7 Adaylar Ma\u00e7\u0131 oynayan sporcu\u201d (1) olmaya hak kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u201cen gen\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fckusta\u201d (2) unvan\u0131n\u0131 da elde eder.<\/p>\n

\"\"Kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok turnuva da parlak ba\u015far\u0131lar elde eden Fischer, 1962 Mart ay\u0131nda Stockholm Interzonal\u2019a kat\u0131l\u0131r ve 2,5 puan farkla birincili\u011fi al\u0131r. Bu zaferle birlikte gelenek bozulur ve Stockholm Interzonal, bir Rus\u2019un \u015fampiyon olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131 \u015fampiyona olarak ge\u00e7er kay\u0131tlara. 1963\u2019te Ruslar\u0131n hile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 ile FIDE turnuvalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmayarak bir protestoya giri\u015fir ama bu tehdit pek uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmaz ve yeni d\u00f6nemin yar\u0131\u015fma elemelerine Bobby Fischer da kat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

ABD \u015eampiyonlu\u011fu\u2019nu 14 ya\u015f\u0131nda kazanan ve bunu 7 kez tekrarlayan Fischer, Tunus\u2019ta d\u00fczenlenen B\u00f6lgeleraras\u0131 Turnuva\u2019y\u0131 (Sousse Interzonal), inan\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 dinlenme g\u00fcnleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka g\u00fcnlerde oynamas\u0131na izin verilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, 15. turda oynamas\u0131 gereken ma\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kmayarak terk eder. 1969\u2019da ABD \u015eampiyonas\u0131 organizat\u00f6rlerini yeterince para \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc koymad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in protesto eder ve organizasyona kat\u0131lmay\u0131 reddeder. Turnuva sonucunda Reshevsky, Addison ve Benko d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonlu\u011fu elemelerinin ikinci basama\u011f\u0131 olan b\u00f6lgeleraras\u0131 turnuvaya kat\u0131lmaya hak kazan\u0131rlar, fakat Fischer\u2019s\u0131z bir ekibin b\u00f6lgeleraras\u0131 turnuvada ABD\u2019yi yeterince temsil edemeyece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen sadece bir grup satran\u00e7 merakl\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fildir, ayn\u0131 kayg\u0131y\u0131 ABD Satran\u00e7 Federasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve FIDE Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Kurulu \u00dcyesi Yarbay Edmund Edmondson da ta\u015f\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine harekete ge\u00e7en Edmondson, \u00f6nce Fischer\u2019\u0131 ikna eder daha sonra onca pazarl\u0131k ve m\u00fccadele sonucunda FIDE Genel Kurulu\u2019nun onay\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek kesinle\u015fen bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yoluna ula\u015f\u0131r: kurallara uygun bi\u00e7imde se\u00e7ilen Amerikal\u0131lardan biri yerini verecek olursa, Fischer b\u00f6lgeleraras\u0131 turnuvaya kat\u0131labilir\u2026<\/p>\n

Haber duyulur duyulmaz ba\u015fta Benko olmak \u00fczere turnuvaya kat\u0131lma \u00f6nceli\u011fi bulunan 8 oyuncu da yerlerini Fischer\u2019a vermeye raz\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtir ve b\u00f6ylelikle Fischer turnuvaya kat\u0131lma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulur. Turnuva 24 oyuncunun kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla 9 Kas\u0131m 1970\u2019de \u0130spanya Palma de Mallorca da ba\u015flar ve Fischer\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck zaferi ile son bulur. 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zlanda\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Reykjavik\u2019te Sovyet D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonu<\/a> Boris Spassky<\/a> ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fampiyonluk ma\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 2-0 gerideyken 12,5-8,5 kazanan Bobby, Sovyetlerin bu alandaki h\u00e2kimiyetine son vererek d\u00fcnyada b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131 uyand\u0131r\u0131r. Asr\u0131n ma\u00e7\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmadan sonra Fischer g\u00fcndeme oturan isim olur.<\/p>\n

1975\u2019te d\u00f6nemin y\u00fckselen y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 Karpov kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ma\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kmaz ve h\u00fckmen yenik say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu olaydan sonra Fischer kay\u0131plara kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve 20 y\u0131l boyunca ortalarda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez, ta ki 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda BM\u2019nin Yugoslavya\u2019ya uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ambargoyu delerek, Spassky ile Belgrad\u2019da \u201casr\u0131n r\u00f6van\u015f ma\u00e7\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelene dek\u2026 Fischer 20 y\u0131l sonra Spassky\u2019i 10-5 yener ve bir daha turnuva satranc\u0131na geri d\u00f6nmez\u2026 Ambargolar\u0131 delen, kendisine g\u00f6nderilen uyar\u0131 mektuplar\u0131na t\u00fck\u00fcrerek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k veren, 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Amerika ve Yahudi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 (3) siyasi deme\u00e7ler veren eski \u015fampiyon hakk\u0131nda tutuklama karar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1996\u2019da \u201cFischer Satranc\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir satran\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fidi ortaya atar, bu yeni satran\u00e7 stiline g\u00f6re piyonlar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda bulunan ta\u015flar, kuraya g\u00f6re rasgele bir \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirilir b\u00f6ylece a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f teorileri ortadan kalkaca\u011f\u0131 gibi oyuncunun yetene\u011fi de daha kolay anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yugoslavya ambargosunu delerek ba\u015flayan ve tam 12 y\u0131l s\u00fcren ka\u00e7ak hayat\u0131 Japonya\u2019da son bulur. Tokyo\u2019da, ABD taraf\u0131ndan iptal edilmi\u015f, kendisine ait ge\u00e7ersiz pasaportu ile Filipinler\u2019e gitmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken yakalanan Fischer, 9 ay boyunca g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda tutulur ve 2005 Mart\u2019\u0131nda \u0130zlanda vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

Efsane 17 Ocak 2008\u2019de Reykjavik\u2019de bir hastanede b\u00f6brek rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder. Agresif oyun tarz\u0131, kazanma h\u0131rs\u0131 ve keskin zek\u00e2s\u0131 ile g\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015fmeyen ayk\u0131r\u0131 satran\u00e7 ustas\u0131 Fischer, satranc\u0131n topluma tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve satran\u00e7 oyuncular\u0131n\u0131n stat\u00fclerinin y\u00fckselmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katk\u0131ya sahiptir.<\/p>\n

1) 2005 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonunda D\u00fcnya Kupas\u0131\u2019nda Magnus Carlsen Adaylar Ma\u00e7lar\u0131\u2019nda oynamaya hak kazanarak onun rekorunu k\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2) Bu rekoru 1990\u2019lara kadar k\u0131r\u0131lamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

3) Fischer kendisi de anne taraf\u0131ndan Yahudi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Yahudi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 s\u00f6ylemleriyle dikkatleri \u00fczerinde toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) http:\/\/www.bobby-fischer.net<\/p>\n

2) http:\/\/www.satrancokulu.com<\/a><\/p>\n

3) http:\/\/www.satranc.net<\/p>\n

4) http:\/\/www.tsf.org.tr<\/a><\/p>\n

5)http:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu pop\u00fclarite ile satranc\u0131n rockstar\u0131 olarak da an\u0131lan 11. D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonu (1972-1975) Bobby Fischer\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z bu ay. D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fampiyonlar\u0131ndan kabul edilen Fisher 1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda Chicago\u2019da do\u011far. Hen\u00fcz 2 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken annesi ve babas\u0131 bo\u015fan\u0131r; Bobby ve ablas\u0131 Joan, anneleri Regina Wender ile birlikte Brooklyn\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar. 6 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken ablas\u0131n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[456],"class_list":["post-10676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-87-sayi","tag-satranc"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t