{"id":10961,"date":"2011-06-01T23:32:05","date_gmt":"2011-06-01T20:32:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=10961"},"modified":"2017-05-31T23:35:08","modified_gmt":"2017-05-31T20:35:08","slug":"satranc-ve-yetenek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2011\/06\/01\/satranc-ve-yetenek","title":{"rendered":"Satran\u00e7 ve yetenek"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli olarak tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 bir konu; ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in sadece yetenek yeterli midir yoksa emek harcayarak ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131labilir mi? Bu iki durum aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ve ortakl\u0131klar nelerdir? Nihai performans d\u00fczeyimiz do\u011fu\u015ftan getirdi\u011fimiz yeteneklerle mi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 yoksa pratik ve e\u011fitimle yetersizli\u011fi alt etmemiz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc? Bu tart\u0131\u015fma, yap\u0131lan eylem do\u011frultusunda s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir mi? Temel de ayn\u0131 merak\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan daha pek \u00e7ok soru s\u0131ralayabiliriz.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkileyen, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla merak uyand\u0131ran ve her alanda farkl\u0131 bir kan\u0131t sunan bu \u00e7eli\u015fki, bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya konu olmu\u015ftur. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kimi zaman do\u011fal yetenek, kimi zaman da sarf edilen emek lehinde sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son zamanlarda en \u00e7ok kabul g\u00f6ren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ise; insan\u0131n belli bir potansiyel ile do\u011fmas\u0131 ve bu potansiyeli aktifle\u015ftirmede ya\u015fam \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 \u00fczerinedir. Zira erken e\u011fitim imk\u00e2n\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma miktar\u0131, motivasyon, ailevi destek gibi fakt\u00f6rlerin, yetenek ve emek aras\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u015fikard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Satran\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda da bu tart\u0131\u015fma her zaman g\u00fcncelli\u011fini korumu\u015ftur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc satran\u00e7 zihinsel bir i\u015ftir ve beceri \u00f6l\u00e7en bir reyting sistemine sahiptir. \u015e\u00fcphesiz ki satran\u00e7 becerisinin geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in bilgi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve tecr\u00fcbe esast\u0131r. Peki \u201cinsan\u0131n \u00e7abuk \u00f6\u011frenme ve uyum g\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d olarak da tan\u0131mlanan zekan\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131ya katk\u0131s\u0131 ne kadard\u0131r?<\/p>\n
\u201c1987\u2019de Alman Der Spiegel<\/em> dergisi Garry Kasparov\u2019un yeteneklerini test etmek i\u00e7in bir psikolog tak\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.\u00a0Beklenildi\u011fi \u00fczere y\u00fcksek bir zeka seviyesine (IQ\u2019a) -ama ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir IQ (120\u2019nin \u00e7ok \u00fczeri) de\u011fil- ve say\u0131s\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f varyantlar\u0131n\u0131 ezberlemeye ihtiya\u00e7 duymayacak m\u00fckemmel bir haf\u0131zaya sahip oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d (Psikolog Dr Robert Howard- \u201cSatran\u00e7ta Yetenek ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00d6nemi\u201d konulu ara\u015ft\u0131rmadan)<\/p>\n
Test edilen oyuncular\u0131n unvan dereceleri, ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131, ama\u00e7lar\u0131 gibi etkenler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak yap\u0131lan testin, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 analizi, sonucunda b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6rnekler i\u00e7in ta\u015flar\u0131 oynatabilme ya\u015f\u0131 8 iken unvanl\u0131 oyuncularda 6 oldu\u011fu saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u00e7o\u011fu bir antren\u00f6rle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve ortalama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinin %20 fazlal\u0131k g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131daki dahil bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n bize vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu sonu\u00e7, zeka kadar disiplinli ve uzun soluklu bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n da ba\u015far\u0131 \u00fczerindeki pay\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemidir. Sadece babas\u0131n\u0131n oynay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 seyrederek satranc\u0131 4 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenen Capablanca\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden deneyimli oyuncularla m\u00fccadele edebilir hale geli\u015finde \u00f6zg\u00fcn yetene\u011finin pay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Adlar\u0131n\u0131 satran\u00e7 tarihine kaz\u0131yan Polgar karde\u015fler \u00f6rne\u011finde ise babalar\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi disiplinli e\u011fitimin katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 inkar etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Nihayetinde insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda, \u00f6zellikle matematik, m\u00fczik, satran\u00e7 gibi konularda, ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel yetenekte sakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131 mevcut. Fakat bu \u00f6zel yeteneklerin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in bile f\u0131rsat yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/11-11.jpg\")
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli olarak tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 bir konu; ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in sadece yetenek yeterli midir yoksa emek harcayarak ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131labilir mi? Bu iki durum aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ve ortakl\u0131klar nelerdir? Nihai performans d\u00fczeyimiz do\u011fu\u015ftan getirdi\u011fimiz yeteneklerle mi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 yoksa pratik ve e\u011fitimle yetersizli\u011fi alt etmemiz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc? Bu tart\u0131\u015fma, yap\u0131lan eylem do\u011frultusunda s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir mi? Temel de ayn\u0131 merak\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan daha pek \u00e7ok soru s\u0131ralayabiliriz.<\/p>\n