{"id":11239,"date":"2011-06-01T19:30:54","date_gmt":"2011-06-01T16:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=11239"},"modified":"2017-06-06T19:34:08","modified_gmt":"2017-06-06T16:34:08","slug":"plinionun-son-yolculugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2011\/06\/01\/plinionun-son-yolculugu","title":{"rendered":"Plinio\u2019nun son yolculu\u011fu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pompei \u015fehri MS 79 A\u011fustos\u2019unda Vezuv yanarda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc lavlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda kald\u0131.\u00a0 Y\u00fczlerce Pompeili\u2019nin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi bu do\u011fal felaketin kurbanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yazar ve bilim insan\u0131 II. Gaio Plinio da (Ya\u015fl\u0131 Plinio) vard\u0131. Naturalis Historia<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n yazar\u0131 binlerce ba\u015fka Pompeili gibi Vezuv\u2019un lavlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda bo\u011fularak ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi.<\/p>\n

\"\"Plinio\u2019nun bedeni iki bin y\u0131l boyunca g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc kald\u0131. 1900\u2019de antik kentte Sarno nehrinin kollar\u0131nda m\u00fchendis Gennaro Matrone\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6netiminde yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131da bir erke\u011fe ait kafatas\u0131 bulundu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Roma\u2019daki Museo Storico Nazionale dell\u2019Arte Sanitaria\u2019da sergilenen kafatas\u0131n\u0131n II. Plino\u2019ya ait olabilece\u011fi \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Vezuv\u2019un lavlar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7mak amac\u0131yla \u00e7ok say\u0131da Pompeili eski liman b\u00f6lgesine do\u011fru ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1900\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Matrone\u2019nin y\u00f6netti\u011fi kaz\u0131larda g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 70\u2019i a\u015fan iskeletin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bu \u00e7aresiz ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131 kan\u0131tl\u0131yor. 20 Eyl\u00fcl 1900 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131da arkeologlar Sarno\u2019ya y\u00f6nelen \u00e7aresiz Pompeililerin son umut yolculuklar\u0131nda m\u00fccevherlerini de yanlar\u0131nda g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcklerini kan\u0131tl\u0131yor. Baz\u0131 iskeletlerin yan\u0131nda ise i\u00e7i para dolu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7antalar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu anlat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

16 Kas\u0131m 1901 tarihli Corriere di Napoli<\/em> gazetesi, Vezuv\u2019un lavlar\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclen Castellammare di Stabia\u2019da Fransa\u2019n\u0131n konsolos yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Eduard Jammy\u2019nin kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 yay\u0131ml\u0131yor. Jammy, bu yaz\u0131s\u0131nda bilim insan\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131 Plinio\u2019ya ait olabilece\u011fi \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen kafatas\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediyor. 1903-1905 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00f6lgedeki kaz\u0131lara ba\u015fkanl\u0131k eden m\u00fchendis Mariano Canninzaro ise Londra\u2019da \u201cPlino\u2019nun Kafatas\u0131. Sarno\u2019nun Yata\u011f\u0131nda Yap\u0131lan Yeni Kaz\u0131lar\u0131n I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda K\u0131sa Bir Not\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir makale yay\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nemde m\u00fchendis Canninzaro\u2019nun izledi\u011fi y\u00f6nteme ve yorumlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlar da var. 1902\u2019de Arkeolog Giuseppe Cosenza \u201cNaturalist Plinio\u2019nun S\u00f6zde Kafatas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ba\u015fka makale yaz\u0131yor. Cosenza bulunan kafatas\u0131n\u0131n Plinio\u2019ya ait olabilece\u011fi konusunda \u015f\u00fcpheleri oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan yeni arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve volkan analizleri MS 79\u2019da Pompei\u2019yi \u00f6rten Vezuv yanarda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7 beklenmedik bir \u015fekilde lav p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ger\u00e7e\u011fini yans\u0131t\u0131yor. Arkeologlar ayn\u0131 zamanda amiral olan Ya\u015fl\u0131 Plinio\u2019nun o a\u011fustos sabah\u0131 da \u00f6teki g\u00fcnler gibi erken kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, biraz g\u00fcne\u015flendikten sonra banyo yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ard\u0131ndan da kahvalt\u0131 etti\u011fini aktar\u0131yor. Saat yedide nat\u00fcralist Plinio\u2019nun i\u015finin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, Pompei\u2019yi birka\u00e7 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr etkileyen yer sars\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda oldu\u011fu, k\u0131z karde\u015finin Pompei \u00fczerinde odaklanan kara bir bulut g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda a\u011fabeyi Plino\u2019yu uyard\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Elbette bilim insan\u0131 Plinio\u2019nun ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n son dakikalar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan habersiz oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nat\u00fcralist Ya\u015fl\u0131 Plinio kimdi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gaio Plinio II. MS 23 ya da 24\u2019de Como\u2019da d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Roma\u2019da askeri e\u011fitim ald\u0131. \u0130mparator Claudio\u2019nun d\u00f6neminde Almanya\u2019daki atl\u0131 birli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. 79\u2019da Miseno\u2019da askeri birli\u011fe kumanda etti. Pompei\u2019de Vezuv\u2019un k\u0131zg\u0131n lavlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda noktalanan ya\u015fam\u0131 ve trajik \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ye\u011feni gen\u00e7 Plinio taraf\u0131ndan Tacito\u2019ya yaz\u0131lan bir mektupta anlat\u0131ld\u0131. Gen\u00e7 Plinio\u2019nun ya\u015fl\u0131 Plinio\u2019nun biyografisi konusunda aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lardan Ya\u015fl\u0131 Plinio\u2019nun iki \u00f6nemli tarih kitab\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. Bu kitaplardan biri Romal\u0131lar\u0131n Almanya\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sava\u015flar\u0131 konu al\u0131rken, 31 kitaptan meydana gelen ikinci \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu \u00fczerine bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma.<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc Naturalis Historiae<\/em>\u2019nin de yazar\u0131 olan Ya\u015fl\u0131 Plinio, 37 kitaptan olu\u015fan Naturalis Historiae<\/em>\u2019de kozmoloji, astronomi, co\u011frafya, etnografi, antropoloji, zooloji, botanik, farmakoloji, t\u0131p, mineroloji ve fig\u00fcratif sanatlar gibi farkl\u0131 konulara de\u011findi. Dante ve Petrarca\u2019n\u0131n hayranl\u0131kla okudu\u011fu\u00a0 \u00a0Plinio\u2019nun bir\u00e7ok yap\u0131t\u0131 orta\u00e7a\u011fda okullarda ders kitab\u0131 olarak okutuldu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Vezuv\u2019deki volkanik patlamalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

MS 62-63 y\u0131llar\u0131nda b\u00f6lgede meydana gelen \u015fiddetli yer sars\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Pompei 79\u2019da Ercolano ve Stabia \u015fehirlerini de tarih sahnesinden silen korkun\u00e7 bir do\u011fa felaketine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti. Vezuv, 202 ve 472 y\u0131llar\u0131nda da lav ve k\u00fcl p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fc. Sonraki y\u0131llarda 993, 1036, 1139\u2019da da Vezuv\u2019un lav p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc biliniyor. 1631\u2019e kadar yanarda\u011f sessiz kald\u0131. Ancak 16 Aral\u0131k 1631\u2019de yeniden faaliyete ge\u00e7en yanarda\u011f\u0131n volkan\u0131n eteklerinde kurulu bir\u00e7ok yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgesini lavlar\u0131yla \u00f6rtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc biliniyor. 17, 18 ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda da d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem aktif hale ge\u00e7en Vezuv, yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde 1906, 1929 ve 1944 y\u0131llar\u0131nda lav p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pompei \u015fehri MS 79 A\u011fustos\u2019unda Vezuv yanarda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc lavlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda kald\u0131.\u00a0 Y\u00fczlerce Pompeili\u2019nin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi bu do\u011fal felaketin kurbanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yazar ve bilim insan\u0131 II. Gaio Plinio da (Ya\u015fl\u0131 Plinio) vard\u0131. Naturalis Historia\u2019n\u0131n yazar\u0131 binlerce ba\u015fka Pompeili gibi Vezuv\u2019un lavlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda bo\u011fularak ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. Plinio\u2019nun bedeni iki bin y\u0131l boyunca g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc kald\u0131. 1900\u2019de antik kentte […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":266,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[126,20],"tags":[244,765,238],"class_list":["post-11239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-89-sayi","category-arkeoloji","tag-arkeoloji","tag-pompei","tag-tarih"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11239","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/266"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11239"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11239\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}