{"id":11299,"date":"2011-06-01T20:40:30","date_gmt":"2011-06-01T17:40:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=11299"},"modified":"2017-06-06T20:43:35","modified_gmt":"2017-06-06T17:43:35","slug":"canli-insan-gozundeki-cubuk-fotoreseptorlerinin-ilk-defa-cekilen-tarihi-goruntuleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2011\/06\/01\/canli-insan-gozundeki-cubuk-fotoreseptorlerinin-ilk-defa-cekilen-tarihi-goruntuleri","title":{"rendered":"Canl\u0131 insan g\u00f6z\u00fcndeki \u00e7ubuk fotoresept\u00f6rlerinin ilk defa \u00e7ekilen tarihi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Soldaki resimde, retinan\u0131n merkezindeki (sar\u0131 benekteki) k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck koni resept\u00f6rleri g\u00f6steriliyor. Sa\u011fdaki resimde ise daha eksantrik bir retina yeri (b\u00fcy\u00fck parlak noktalar bulunan, koni resept\u00f6rlerinin etraf\u0131n\u0131 siyah halkalar\u0131n sard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck noktalarla \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f \u00e7ubuk resept\u00f6rlerinin bulundu\u011fu) g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131, \u201c\u00e7ubuk\u201d ad\u0131 verilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u0131\u015f\u0131k alg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 resept\u00f6r h\u00fccrelerini canl\u0131 bir g\u00f6zde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ve direkt olarak ilk defa g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclediler. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, y\u0131ld\u0131z ve galaksilerin uzakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede g\u00f6kbilimcilerin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 teknolojiyle ayn\u0131 olan uyarlanabilir optikler (Adaptive Optics; AO) kullanarak, g\u00f6z\u00fcn h\u00fccresel \u015feklini e\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir detayla g\u00f6zlemlediler. Bu yenilik dejeneratif g\u00f6z kusurlar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fhisi, erken tan\u0131s\u0131 ve daha etkili tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan doktorlara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak.<\/p>\n

\u201cTedavi y\u00f6ntemleri; sadece geli\u015fmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, kurtarmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z h\u00fccrelerin g\u00f6rme yetene\u011finin yeniden g\u00f6rme s\u00fcrecindeki kritik bir ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder.\u201d diyor New York\u2019ta Rachester \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olan Alfredo Dubra ve devam ediyor: \u201cG\u00f6z hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n erken te\u015fhis edilmesinin ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu vurgulamaya gerek bile yoktur.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cRetina hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n saptanmas\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli engellerden biri, hasta taraf\u0131ndan alg\u0131lanana kadar ya da klinik y\u00f6ntemlerle te\u015fhis edilene kadar \u00f6nemli h\u00fccresel hasarlar\u0131n olu\u015fmu\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d diyor Wisconsin T\u0131p Koleji (MCW) \u00fcyesi Joseph Carroll.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6z kusurlar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda, te\u015fhisinde ve tedavisinde yeni ufuklar a\u00e7an bu bulu\u015f, geli\u015fmi\u015f uyar\u0131labilir bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme tasar\u0131m sistemi. Dubra ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131 cihaz\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, optik limiti yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 mikron (1 mikron, milimetrenin 1\/1.000 ne e\u015fittir) yani insan g\u00f6z\u00fcndeki tek bir \u00e7ubuk resept\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ap\u0131 olarak ayarlayabildiler.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ubuk resept\u00f6rleri, koni resept\u00f6rlerinden say\u0131ca daha fazla bulunur ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa daha duyarl\u0131d\u0131rlar. Optik tasar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemi ile bu bilgi Durab\u2019\u0131n ekibi taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131yla kan\u0131tland\u0131. \u00dcstelik retinan\u0131n merkezindeki (sar\u0131 nokta) en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck koni h\u00fccreleri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclendi. \u201c\u00c7ubuk h\u00fccreleri merkezsel retina b\u00f6lgesinde daha azd\u0131r\u201d bilgisi do\u011fruland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201cBu, ger\u00e7ekten heyecan verici bir bulu\u015f\u201d diyor Indiana \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde Profes\u00f6r Steve Burns. \u201cG\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenen biti\u015fik \u00e7ubuk mozaik h\u00fccreleri, bize retina \u00fczerinde k\u00f6r edici hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yeni bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n etkisi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131za izin verecek. M\u00fcdahale i\u00e7in en uygun g\u00f6z hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7ubuk h\u00fccrelerini etkiledi\u011fi i\u00e7in, bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tedavisinde en uygun y\u00f6ntemlerin belirlenmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7 haline getirilmelidir bu bulu\u015f.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uyarlanabilir optik (AO) y\u00f6ntemi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Astronomide, uyarlanabilir optik (AO), D\u00fcnya atmosferinin bulan\u0131k etkisini (y\u0131ld\u0131z \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan par\u0131ldayan etkiyi kald\u0131rma ve \u00e7ok keskin \u0131\u015f\u0131k noktalar\u0131 olarak kozmik nesneleri olu\u015fturma gibi) d\u00fczeltebilir. AO sistemi ya bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki \u201cpar\u0131lt\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde ya da lazer teleskoplar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcst atmosferde \u00fcretilen yapay bir \u201crehber y\u0131ld\u0131z\u201d \u015feklinde bir referans noktas\u0131na gerek duyuyor. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenen referans noktas\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, AO sistemlerde, atmosferde olu\u015fan tam fakat z\u0131t bozulmalar olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in deforme ayna kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Sonu\u00e7, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek, net bir resim.<\/p>\n

T\u0131pk\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n atmosferi ge\u00e7mesi gibi g\u00f6z\u00fcn \u00f6n k\u0131sm\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en \u0131\u015f\u0131k da e\u011fri ve bozuk olur. Bu bozukluk insan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde \u00f6nemsiz olsa da t\u0131bbi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemenin mikroskobik alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir engel te\u015fkil eder.<\/p>\n

1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Rachester \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden David Williams, insan g\u00f6z\u00fc i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in uyarlanabilir optik teknolojisini kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini ilk defa kan\u0131tlayan bir gruba \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti. Uyarlanabilir optik oftalmaskobu (g\u00f6z aynas\u0131) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu y\u00f6ntemde, fundus kamera ile elde edilen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn bulan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir referans noktas\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bug\u00fcn, fundus kamera uygulanabilir optik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme lazer oftalmaskobu olarak bilinen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme i\u00e7in \u00e7o\u011funlukla ikinci bir lazer ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilir. Retina boyunca hareket ederek ve yol boyunca bozulmalar\u0131 d\u00fczelterek bir CRT monit\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u015fleme y\u00f6ntemiyle ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7izgi-\u00e7izgi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nceki AO y\u00f6ntemleri etkin bi\u00e7imde koni h\u00fccrelerini g\u00f6sterebiliyordu ve y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u00fc retina g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n dayanak noktas\u0131yd\u0131; fakat k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ubuk h\u00fccreleri a\u00e7\u0131k ve biti\u015fik g\u00f6zlemlerde anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ubuk resept\u00f6rlerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a alabilen uyarlanabilir optik aletlerinin tasar\u0131m\u0131ndaki bulu\u015f Dubra\u2019ya g\u00f6re; \u201cutan\u00e7 verici derecede basit ve iyi bilinen denklemlere ve kavramlara\u201d dayan\u0131yor. Aletin i\u00e7indeki \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu yap\u0131da mercek g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren k\u00fcresel aynalar basit\u00e7e katlanarak retinan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kalitesi, biti\u015fik \u00e7ubuk mozaiklerini yeterince a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde \u00e7\u00f6zebilmek i\u00e7in retinan\u0131n foveal merkezindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn koni mozaikleri gibi geli\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u00fckemmel uyarlanabilir optik kontrol ve g\u00f6rme sistemi hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, biyomedikal g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc bilimi alanlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerleme kaydetti.\u201d diyor Burns.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Doktorlara yeni tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara g\u00f6re, bir sonraki ad\u0131mlar\u0131, yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131labilen bir klinik modem geli\u015ftirmek olacak. Benzer bir g\u00f6rev de tan\u0131 ve tedavi ile ilgili klinik kararlar\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirecek s\u00f6zl\u00fc AO g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc sanat\u0131n\u0131n basitle\u015ftirilmesi ve \u00f6\u011fretilmesi.<\/p>\n

Doktorlar\u0131n 5-10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, ya\u015fayan insan g\u00f6z\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcp \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir belirli \u00e7ubuk resept\u00f6rlerindeki hassasl\u0131k ve a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa dikkatlice bakabilecekleri umuluyor. Bu yeni bulu\u015f sayesinde daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f y\u00f6ntemler m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacak: \u00d6zel \u00e7ubuk resept\u00f6rlerindeki bozukluklar\u0131n fenotipteki yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak tan\u0131mlamak, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk belirtisinde erken tedavi uygulayabilmek ve hatta tek tek h\u00fccrelerin belirli bir tedaviye nas\u0131l cevap verdiklerini belirlemek.<\/p>\n

\u201cBu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme cihaz\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok heyecan verici olan \u015fey: bir hastan\u0131n hayat\u0131nda ciddi bir fark yaratabilir olmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d diyor Carroll.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynak<\/strong>: http:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2011\/06\/110608123010.htm<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bilim insanlar\u0131, \u201c\u00e7ubuk\u201d ad\u0131 verilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u0131\u015f\u0131k alg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 resept\u00f6r h\u00fccrelerini canl\u0131 bir g\u00f6zde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ve direkt olarak ilk defa g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclediler. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, y\u0131ld\u0131z ve galaksilerin uzakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede g\u00f6kbilimcilerin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 teknolojiyle ayn\u0131 olan uyarlanabilir optikler (Adaptive Optics; AO) kullanarak, g\u00f6z\u00fcn h\u00fccresel \u015feklini e\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir detayla g\u00f6zlemlediler. Bu yenilik dejeneratif g\u00f6z kusurlar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fhisi, erken tan\u0131s\u0131 ve daha […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":803,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[126,19],"tags":[242,788],"class_list":["post-11299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-89-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-anatomi","tag-retina"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11299","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/803"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11299"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11299\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}