<\/p>\n
Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda Ula\u015ft\u0131rma, Denizcilik ve Haberle\u015fme Bakan\u0131 Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndan m\u00fcjdeli haberi ald\u0131k: \u201c2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar uzaya g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinden elektrik \u00fcreten g\u00fcne\u015f panelleri yerle\u015ftirip, buradan \u00fcretilecek enerjiyi radyo frekans dalgalar\u0131yla yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ula\u015ft\u0131racak bir projeyi de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeyi hedefliyoruz. Bu da bir vizyon projesi olarak \u015fura\u2019da kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d Art\u0131k \u015fura\u2019da kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re projenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir engelin kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissettiren bir \u00f6zg\u00fcvenle konu\u015fuyor Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m. \u00c7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131k\u2026 Projenin tarihine bakt\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n boyutlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k kazan\u0131yor\u2026<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n \u201cvizyon projesi\u201d dedi\u011fi, NASA\u2019n\u0131n aral\u0131kl\u0131 olarak 40 y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma. Fikrin sahibi ise 1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00f6yk\u00fcde g\u00fcne\u015ften ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerjiyi \u00e7evre gezegenlere ileten bir uzay istasyonundan bahseden Isaac Asimov. Fakat bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n kurgular\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebildi\u011fini Jules Verne\u2019in Ay\u2019a Seyahat<\/em>\u2019inden biliyoruz. Asimov\u2019un kurgusu da bu yola 1960\u2019lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda girer. Uzay M\u00fchendisi Peter E. Glazer 1968\u2019de enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile hava ve su kirlili\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek alternatif bir y\u00f6ntem olarak g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisini elektrik enerjisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecek bir uydu sistemini \u00f6nerir. Projenin patentini 1973\u2019te alan Glazer, birka\u00e7 meslekta\u015f\u0131 ile birlikte NASA ile bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalar ve fizibilite raporu haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ba\u015flar. Proje \u201cSpace-based solar power\u201d (uzay tabanl\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi) ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n Uzay tabanl\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi anlamas\u0131 zor bir sistem de\u011fil. G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, uzaya yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f devasa \u00e7anlar taraf\u0131ndan toplanacak. Bu \u00e7anlar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki aynalar yard\u0131m\u0131yla \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar g\u00fcne\u015f panellerinde odaklanacak. Toplanan enerji mikrodalgalar ile yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki istasyonlara g\u00f6nderilecek. \u0130\u015fte s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z temiz enerji kayna\u011f\u0131m\u0131z haz\u0131r. \u00dcstelik sistem, yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki g\u00fcne\u015f panellerinden \u00e7ok daha verimli. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden 36.000 kilometre uzakl\u0131kta y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye oturtulacak sistemde, metrekareye d\u00fc\u015fen g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi yo\u011funlu\u011fu yery\u00fcz\u00fcndekinden y\u00fczde 30 daha fazla. Ayr\u0131ca sistem, yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki g\u00fcne\u015f panellerinden farkl\u0131 olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131l g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisini kullanabilecek. Fakat tabii ki i\u015f bu kadar kolay de\u011fil. Glazer ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fizibilite raporu da bunu g\u00f6sterir. Projenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde hem ekonomik hem de teknolojik engeller vard\u0131r. Nihayetinde 1980\u2019de, \u00e7ok maliyetli ve riskli oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lan proje ask\u0131ya al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n Teknolojik ilerlemeler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak 95 ve 97 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerden yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 NASA b\u00fcnyesinde SBSP projesini ele almak \u00fczere toplan\u0131r. Bu bulu\u015fmadan yeni teknoloji \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc malzemelerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 tasar\u0131mlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. H\u00e2l\u00e2 teknolojik ve ekonomik yetersizlikler s\u00f6z konusuysa da bu sefer proje ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmaz; 99 y\u0131l\u0131nda NASA bu ama\u00e7la \u00f6zel bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma program\u0131 kurar. Projenin tasar\u0131m\u0131ndan yola haritas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaya kadar pek \u00e7ok konu ile ilgili raporlar haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. Bir kurguyu ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme yolunda yap\u0131lan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar hen\u00fcz neticelenmi\u015f de\u011fil ve art\u0131k bu proje yaln\u0131zca NASA\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fil pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 uzay ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 merkezinin g\u00fcndeminde.<\/p>\n Projenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engel, maliyet. Binlerce tona denk d\u00fc\u015fen bu sistemi uzaya ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in bile milyarlarca dolar gerekiyor. \u00d6yle ki, yeni geli\u015fmelerle birlikte projenin tamam\u0131n\u0131n en az 20 milyar dolar\u0131 bulaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Teknolojik a\u00e7\u0131klardan en \u00f6nemlisi ise, uzayda \u00fcretilen enerjinin yery\u00fcz\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmesiyle ilgili. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, bu iletimin mikrodalgalar sayesinde yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Fakat bir sorun var: Bulutsuz bir g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc bile su buhar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Her bir damla, mikrodalga i\u00e7indeki radyasyonu da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r ve bu da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde (yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 50) enerji kayb\u0131 demek.<\/p>\n T\u00fcm bu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar, biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc korkutmuyor elbette. \u00d6rne\u011fin ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda Japonya, \u00a02030\u2019da g\u00fcne\u015f panellerini uzaya yerle\u015ftirece\u011fini duyurdu. 21 milyon dolar harcanacak projenin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlenen firmalar da belirlendi. Ayr\u0131ca Mart ay\u0131nda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n benzer bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendik. 2012\u2019de ise ayn\u0131 proje i\u00e7in \u00c7in ve Hindistan i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle enerji \u00fcretimini uzaya ta\u015f\u0131mak, \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda bir itibar yar\u0131\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f durumda. Bakan \u201cvizyon projesi\u201d derken, bir anlamda hakl\u0131.<\/p>\n Ne var ki, T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in bu, \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131k gibi geliyor\u2026 Tam dalga ge\u00e7ecekken bakan\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndan di\u011fer \u201ck\u0131sa vadeli\u201d proje \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor: Kanal \u0130stanbul. \u0130\u015fte ba\u015fka bir \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131k daha\u2026 Fakat bu son s\u00f6zler alayc\u0131 kelimeleri yar\u0131 yolda b\u0131rak\u0131yor. \u0130ki \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131yaslay\u0131nca ilkinin ne kadar gerekli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u0130sterse bakan enerjinin de, \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fi otobanla iletildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcns\u00fcn; \u015furas\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ek ki, b\u00f6yle bir projenin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bilim g\u00fcndemine girebilmesi ancak bir \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131kla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. T\u0131pk\u0131 Asimov\u2019un kurgusunu ger\u00e7ek k\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Peter E. Glazer\u2019\u0131n ya da 40 y\u0131ld\u0131r usanmadan konuya kafa patlatan di\u011fer biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi. Umar\u0131m bakan bu faydal\u0131 \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131kta o biliminsanlar\u0131 kadar \u0131srarc\u0131 olur\u2026<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kaynak:<\/strong> http:\/\/spaceref.com\/space-quarterly-magazine\/is-there-a-future-for-space-based-solar-power.html<\/a><\/p>\n http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/162\/3856\/857.full.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n