{"id":11547,"date":"2013-11-01T22:34:18","date_gmt":"2013-11-01T20:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=11547"},"modified":"2017-06-07T22:44:35","modified_gmt":"2017-06-07T19:44:35","slug":"kapitalizmin-su-ile-imtihani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2013\/11\/01\/kapitalizmin-su-ile-imtihani","title":{"rendered":"Kapitalizmin su ile imtihan\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Banglade\u015f\u2019te halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7me suyuna ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ula\u015fanlar da temiz su i\u00e7emedi\u011fi i\u00e7in ba\u015fta \u00e7ocuklar olmak \u00fczere mide ve ba\u011f\u0131rsak hastal\u0131klar\u0131na yakalanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00dclke halk\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken suyu nehir ve g\u00f6llerden elde etmekteydi ve bunun sonucu olarak \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmleri g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015fti. Hastal\u0131klar ciddi bi\u00e7imde art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, Unicef imzal\u0131 ortak bir proje ba\u015flatma karar\u0131 ald\u0131lar. BM\u2019nin \u201c\u00e7ocuk yard\u0131m\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 proje, \u00fclke genelinde 86 bin k\u00f6ye su kuyusu a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 plan\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu ve maliyeti de 290 milyon $ olarak hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Paran\u0131n tamam\u0131 finanse edilemese de, eldeki imk\u00e2nlar d\u00e2hilinde kuyular\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na derhal ba\u015fland\u0131. Art\u0131k Banglade\u015fli \u00e7ocuklar temiz su i\u00e7erek b\u00fcy\u00fcyecek ve hasta olmayacaklard\u0131, BM ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 sayesinde elbette.<\/p>\n

Kuyular derhal a\u00e7\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131 fakat birer halk kahraman\u0131 olan BM ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 atlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Kuyular a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken su ile yer aras\u0131ndaki katmanlara yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken testler yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi 100-200 m aras\u0131 bir mesafeden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken su yine maliyet hesaplar\u0131 nedeniyle, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en k\u0131sa mesafede b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Su G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nde (22 Mart), \u0130ngiliz Independent<\/em> gazetesi \u201cBat\u0131, Banglade\u015f\u2019i nas\u0131l zehirledi?\u201d haberiyle \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc BM, Banglade\u015f\u2019te yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 milyon ki\u015finin arsenik zehirlenmesi nedeniyle \u00f6l\u00fcm riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmlerini durdurmak ve halka su g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in ba\u015flat\u0131lan proje, Banglade\u015f halk\u0131n\u0131 yok olmakla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakt\u0131. Banglade\u015f H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re \u015fu anda 38 bin ki\u015fi arsenik zehirlenmesi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar sebebiyle tedavi g\u00f6rmekte ve 10 milyon ki\u015fi (halk\u0131n %13\u2019\u00fc) h\u00e2l\u00e2 arsenikli su t\u00fcketmekte. Ancak bu, \u00fclkenin en milliyet\u00e7i ve muhafazak\u00e2r kesimi taraf\u0131ndan verilen rakamlara ra\u011fmen en az 20 milyon Banglade\u015flinin bu suyu t\u00fcketmeye devam etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. BM\u2019nin ve Banglade\u015f H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin verdi\u011fi bu rakamlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucunda 35-77 milyon aras\u0131nda insan\u0131n kronik olarak zehirlenmi\u015f oldu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Arsenikli su t\u00fcketildi\u011finde, hi\u00e7bir tat de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, koku ya da ba\u015fka bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131k hissedilmiyor fakat bu su t\u00fcketilmeye devam edildi\u011finde 20 sene i\u00e7erisinde, ciltte lekeler, kronik yorgunluk, i\u00e7 organlarda h\u0131zl\u0131 ve pe\u015fi s\u0131ra bozulmalar, h\u0131zla kansere yakalanma (genellikle akci\u011fer ve cilt kanseri) gibi hastal\u0131klar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kuyular\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da, halk\u0131n en yoksul kesimleri, yani b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu h\u00e2l\u00e2 zehirli sular\u0131 i\u00e7meye devam ediyor. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, sadece en tehlikeli, arsenik d\u00fczeyi en y\u00fcksek olan kuyular\u0131n etraf\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renge boyamakla yetiniyor. Orta\u00e7a\u011f sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cd\u00e2hiyane\u201d sava\u015f stratejisi, Banglade\u015f\u2019te hayat\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Buriganga nehrinin k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 ve Banglade\u015fli \u00e7ocuklar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Banglade\u015f d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yoksul \u00fclkelerinden birisi olmakla birlikte kapitalist devlerin ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc, ucuz enerji, ucuz maliyet, \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gibi bir\u00e7ok imk\u00e2n nedeniyle tercih etti\u011fi bir \u00fclke. Kapitalist \u015firketlerin faaliyetleri sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kirlilik ak\u0131l almaz boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda, Banglade\u015f\u2019in ba\u015fkenti Dhaka\u2019daki Buriganga Nehri\u2019nin k\u00f6rfezine g\u00fcnde 4 bin ton \u00e7\u00f6p ve at\u0131k sal\u0131nmakta. Nehrin bu k\u0131sm\u0131nda suyun rengi, kan\u0131 and\u0131r\u0131r \u015fekilde k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f durumda. Hindistan\u2019\u0131n kuzey topraklar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak, Banglade\u015f\u2019ten ge\u00e7en ve buradan da Pakistan\u2019a uzanan Ganj Nehri\u2019ne her g\u00fcn 300 milyon varil at\u0131k sal\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. 2 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k bir inan\u00e7 sisteminin temizlik simgesi olan Ganj, bu anlam\u0131n\u0131 yitireli \u00e7ok oldu. D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, her g\u00fcn hac\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in nehirde y\u0131kan\u0131lan b\u00f6lgelerde bakteri say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilenin 10 bin kat\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Nehir \u00e7evresinde ya\u015fayan 350 milyon insan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kolera, hepatit, dizanteri, tif\u00fcs gibi hastal\u0131klardan kronik olarak muzdarip. B\u00f6lgedeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7in 300 milyon \u20ac kredi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015fsa da, Hint \u00c7evre Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 en az 1,5 milyar \u20ac daha gerekti\u011fini belirtiyor. Banglade\u015f Daily Star<\/em> gazetesi redakt\u00f6rlerinden Seit Jahrzehnten, ya\u015fanan t\u00fcm sorunlar\u0131n nedeninin kapitalizm oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerken hakl\u0131. Fakat \u00fclke i\u00e7erisinde buna kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fccadele o kadar zay\u0131f ki, seslerinin duyulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmuyor ve bu insanl\u0131k dram\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u00fccadele yine onu yaratan \u201cBat\u0131\u201dda y\u00fckseliyor.<\/p>\n

Elbette b\u00f6yle vah\u015fi bir sald\u0131r\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kirlenen sadece su de\u011fil. Y\u0131lda birka\u00e7 mahsul almaya elveri\u015fli olan ve b\u00f6lgenin genelinde yo\u011fun olarak yeti\u015ftirilen pirin\u00e7, buradaki arsenikli sular y\u00fcz\u00fcnden arsenik i\u00e7erikli olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Buna \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Avrupa\u2019dan sa\u011flanan fakat Avrupa\u2019da at\u0131k madde stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde yer alan, arsenik i\u00e7eren kimyasal g\u00fcbre de dahil olunca, fatura daha da kabar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\"\"
2 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k bir inan\u00e7 sisteminin temizlik simgesi olan Ganj Nehri\u2019ne her g\u00fcn 300 milyon varil at\u0131k sal\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ok okunan muhafazak\u00e2r gazetelerinden S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung<\/em> d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde arsenikli su sorunuyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olan 36 \u00fclke (5 k\u0131tada) oldu\u011funu duyursa da, y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen son bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sadece Asya\u2019da 70 \u00fclke olmak \u00fczere, threecont (3 k\u0131ta) \u00fclkelerinde en az 140 milyon insan\u0131n arsenikli su t\u00fcketti\u011fini ortaya koymakta. Bu insanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde pirin\u00e7 \u00fcretilen ve bu y\u00fczden de suya \u00e7ok ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan g\u00fcney ve do\u011fu Asya \u00fclkelerinde ya\u015famaktalar. Suyoluyla kat\u0131 g\u0131dalara bula\u015fan arsenik bu \u015fekilde t\u00fcketilmeye devam ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Arsenik kaynakl\u0131 cilt kanserine yakalanan insanlar\u0131n tenleri kal\u0131n bir z\u0131mpara k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bu insanlar g\u00fcndelik hayattan da d\u0131\u015flan\u0131yorlar. \u00d6te yandan Tayvan\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cKara Ayak Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dna yakalanan insanlar\u0131n bacaklar\u0131ndan birinde kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 duruyor ve bacak \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. \u00d6l\u00fcmden kurtulman\u0131n tek yolu baca\u011f\u0131n kesilmesi ve evet bu hastal\u0131k da arseni\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Doktorlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde anla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ba\u015fka konu ise, arsenik zehirlenmesi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131klardan kaynaklanan \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin, normalden \u00e7ok daha fazla ac\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmler oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, maden i\u015fletmecileri, maliyet hesaplar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden art\u0131k daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lara inmekten vazge\u00e7tikleri madenlerde, madenle y\u00fczey aras\u0131ndaki katmanlar\u0131 kendileri i\u00e7in temizleyecek bakteriler geli\u015ftiriyorlar. Jeremy Lifkin\u2019in The Biotech Century<\/em> adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda verdi\u011fi bilgiler, bu bakterilerin zaman i\u00e7erisinde nas\u0131l mutasyonlara u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 ve hangi yeni hastal\u0131klara sebep olaca\u011f\u0131 bilinmedi\u011finden ciddi bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n

Hindistan\u2019da faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fcten Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, su s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n\u0131 denek olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonucunda arsenikli su i\u00e7mekle y\u00fcz y\u00fcze kalan insanlar\u0131n sar\u0131msak yemelerini \u00f6nermekle yetindi. Di\u011fer yandan ABD\u2019deki National Academy of Engineers 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc olan 1 milyon $\u2019\u0131 arsenikli su i\u00e7in filtre geli\u015ftiren iki ki\u015fiye, Banglade\u015fli bir doktor olan M\u00fcnir ve Virginia \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlilerinden Hussame\u2019ye verdi. \u0130kilinin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi filtrelerden Banglade\u015f\u2019e 55 bin tanesi k\u00e2rs\u0131z olarak yerle\u015ftirildi fakat yap\u0131lan i\u015fin b\u00fct\u00fcn maliyeti tahsil edildi ve bu i\u015fi Bar\u0131\u015f \u0130\u00e7in Temiz Su Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fcstlenmi\u015f durumda. Filtreler hi\u00e7 k\u00e2r edilmeden sat\u0131l\u0131yor olsa da, \u00fcretim maliyetlerinin tahsil edilmesi isteniyor ve bu da bir \u201csono\u201d filtresinin bir ev i\u00e7in 30\u20ac bir okul i\u00e7inse 43\u20ac fiyatla sat\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. \u00dclkedeki gelir d\u00fczeyi hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 35-77 milyon aras\u0131nda kronik olarak zehirlenmi\u015f insan say\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen sadece 55 bin filtre yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n, sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne katk\u0131 sunmaktan \u00e7ok uzak oldu\u011fu ortada.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ernobil facias\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131ran ekipte yer alan, Harvard \u00dcniversitesi profes\u00f6rlerinden Richard Wilson \u201c\u00c7ernobil facias\u0131, Banglade\u015f\u2019teki arsenikli su sorununun yan\u0131nda pazar pikni\u011fi gibi kal\u0131r\u201d derken ona kulak vermeliyiz. D\u00fcnyadaki toplam suyun %97\u2019si tuzlu, geriye kalan tatl\u0131 suyun %2\u2019si kutuplarda donmu\u015f durumda bulunmakta ve hareket eden su miktar\u0131 sadece 1 milyon 80 bin km3<\/sup>. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, yok olma tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakabilecek bu sorun k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilecek gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Kapitalizmin tasfiyesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedik\u00e7e, art\u0131k sadece \u00f6zg\u00fcr de\u011fil, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacak.<\/p>\n

Fotoaltlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

2) 2 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k bir inan\u00e7 sisteminin temizlik simgesi olan Ganj Nehri\u2019ne her g\u00fcn 300 milyon varil at\u0131k sal\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Banglade\u015f\u2019te halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7me suyuna ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ula\u015fanlar da temiz su i\u00e7emedi\u011fi i\u00e7in ba\u015fta \u00e7ocuklar olmak \u00fczere mide ve ba\u011f\u0131rsak hastal\u0131klar\u0131na yakalanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00dclke halk\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken suyu nehir ve g\u00f6llerden elde etmekteydi ve bunun sonucu olarak \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmleri g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015fti. Hastal\u0131klar ciddi bi\u00e7imde art\u0131\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":753,"featured_media":11551,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[154,217,38,535,510],"tags":[198,433,505],"class_list":["post-11547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-117-sayi","category-cevre-bilimleri","category-dergi-sayilari","category-forum","category-surekli-bolumler","tag-cevre","tag-kapitalizm","tag-su"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11547","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/753"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11547"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11547\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11551"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11547"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}