{"id":11949,"date":"2014-08-01T21:16:17","date_gmt":"2014-08-01T18:16:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=11949"},"modified":"2018-05-16T12:43:47","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T09:43:47","slug":"bir-kuyrukluyildiza-yakindan-bakis-rosetta-projesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2014\/08\/01\/bir-kuyrukluyildiza-yakindan-bakis-rosetta-projesi","title":{"rendered":"Bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131za yak\u0131ndan bak\u0131\u015f: Rosetta Projesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rosetta bir ilki ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek, A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda 67P\/C-G kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine<\/em> oturacak olan insans\u0131z bir uzay arac\u0131. Rosetta\u2019n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 Philae robotik mod\u00fcl\u00fc ile kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00fczerine de inilecek. B\u00f6ylece insanl\u0131k, G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin en ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00fcyelerinden birisini, yani bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ok daha yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131yacak. Projenin temel hedefi G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin k\u00f6kenlerinin ve evriminin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sunabilmek. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde ya\u015fam\u0131n nas\u0131l ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fi sorusuna dair kimi ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 yakalayabilmek de olas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/em><\/p>\n

Rosetta, Avrupa Uzak Ajans\u0131 (ESA) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ve uzaya f\u0131rlat\u0131lan, insans\u0131z bir uzay arac\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Rosetta, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine oturtaca\u011f\u0131 ilk uzay arac\u0131 olacak. Bununla da yetinilmeyece\u011fi gibi, Rosetta ile bahsi ge\u00e7en kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00fczerine ini\u015f yap\u0131larak \u00e7ok say\u0131da ilke, tek seferde imza at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacak. B\u00f6ylece insanl\u0131k, G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin en ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00fcyelerinden birisini, yani bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ok daha yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131yacak.<\/p>\n

Rosetta, 2 Mart 2004\u2019te ESA taraf\u0131ndan Ariane 5 roketiyle uzaya f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131 ve 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcren yolculu\u011fun ard\u0131ndan A\u011fustos 2014\u2019te, 67P\/C-G kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine girecek. Kas\u0131m 2014\u2019te ise Rosetta \u00fczerinden ayr\u0131lan robotik bir par\u00e7a \u00f6zel incelemeler yapmak i\u00e7in kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00fczerine ini\u015f yapacak.<\/p>\n

Rosetta Projesi hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgiler vermeden \u00f6nce, daha \u00f6nce g\u00fcndeme al\u0131nan ve uygulanan kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z g\u00f6zlem ve inceleme projelerine de\u011finmek yerinde olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Projenin tarihsel arka plan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

1986\u2019da Halley kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fcnya\u2019ya yak\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi d\u00f6nemde, insans\u0131z uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131 Halley\u2019i incelemek \u00fczere f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131lar. O tarihte yine ESA taraf\u0131ndan f\u0131rlat\u0131lan Giotto, Halley\u2019i, h\u0131zla ge\u00e7ti\u011fi y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinden 596 km \u00f6teden g\u00f6zlemlemeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu g\u00f6zlemden edinilen veriler, kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zlar hakk\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli ve detayl\u0131 bilgilere sahip olmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Y\u00fczde 80\u2019i sudan olu\u015fan Halley i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan g\u00f6zlemler, biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zlara olan ilgisini daha artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yine Giotto, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlamadan \u00f6nce 1992\u2019de Grigg-Skjellerup kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n 200 km yak\u0131n\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 incelemelerle insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in \u00e7ok de\u011ferli g\u00f6zlem verileri elde etmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra da NASA ve ESA\u2019n\u0131n kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zlarla ilgili projeleri g\u00fcndeme geldi. NASA bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine girmeyi, ESA ise bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zdan \u00f6rnek bir par\u00e7a alarak D\u00fcnya\u2019ya ini\u015f yapmay\u0131 hedefledi. Bahsi ge\u00e7en projeler maliyetlerinden dolay\u0131 iptal edildiler. ESA, NASA\u2019n\u0131n projesini g\u00fcndemine ald\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirerek Rosetta Projesini ortaya att\u0131.<\/p>\n

Projenin 12 Ocak 2013\u2019te hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi planlan\u0131yordu. Fakat Rosetta ile ileti\u015fimi de sa\u011flayacak olan ileti\u015fim uydusunun f\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan kaza nedeniyle ertelenmek zorunda kald\u0131. Bu Rosetta\u2019n\u0131n, 46P\/Wirtanen kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 ile 2011\u2019de bulu\u015fmas\u0131 plan\u0131n\u0131 tamamen de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu. B\u00f6ylece hedef al\u0131nan kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z da de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015fti. G\u00f6rece daha k\u00fctleli bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z hedef al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan, ini\u015f mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn ini\u015f tak\u0131mlar\u0131 da geli\u015ftirilmek zorunda kal\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Uzay arac\u0131 Rosetta, ad\u0131n\u0131 tarihi Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan al\u0131yor. Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 dille yaz\u0131lan, fakat i\u00e7erik olarak birbirinin birebir ayn\u0131s\u0131 olan yaz\u0131lar sayesinde, tarih\u00e7ilerin Eski M\u0131s\u0131r yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olan ta\u015f bir kitabedir. Ad\u0131n\u0131 bulundu\u011fu M\u0131s\u0131r kasabas\u0131 Re\u015fit\u2019den (Rosetta) almaktad\u0131r. Rosetta\u2019n\u0131n da benzer \u015fekilde kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zlar hakk\u0131nda ciddi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemelere olanak sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, ona bu ismi kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Projenin 11 y\u0131ll\u0131k zaman \u00e7izelgesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

– F\u0131rlatma (2 Mart 2004)
\n– D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinden 1. yak\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015f (4 Mart 2005)
\n– Mars \u00fczerinden yak\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015f (25 \u015eubat 2007)
\n– D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinden 2. yak\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015f (13 Kas\u0131m 2005)
\n– 2867 \u0160teins asteroidinden yak\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015f (5 Eyl\u00fcl 2008)
\n– D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinden 3. yak\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015f (13 Kas\u0131m 2009)
\n– 21 Lutetia asteroidinden yak\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015f (10 Temmuz 2010)
\n– Uyku moduna ge\u00e7i\u015f (Temmuz 2011\u00a0 – Ocak 2014)
\n– Kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131za yakla\u015fma (Ocak – May\u0131s 2014)
\n– Yava\u015flatma manevras\u0131 (May\u0131s – Temmuz 2014)
\n– Y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye oturma, kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n ini\u015f i\u00e7in haritaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (A\u011fustos 2014)
\n– Kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z \u00fczerine ini\u015f (Kas\u0131m 2014)
\n– Kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131za g\u00fcne\u015fin etraf\u0131ndaki y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde e\u015flik etme (Kas\u0131m 2014 – Aral\u0131k 2015)
\n– Projenin tamamlanmas\u0131 (Aral\u0131k 2015)<\/p>\n

Zaman \u00e7izelgesinde bahsi ge\u00e7en yak\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015fler, gezegenlerin k\u00fctle\u00e7ekiminden faydalanarak h\u0131z kazanmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylece G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019e yak\u0131n bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngeden, yani D\u00fcnya\u2019dan, daha d\u0131\u015f y\u00f6r\u00fcngelere yak\u0131t a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha tasarruflu bir \u015fekilde ilerlemenin olana\u011f\u0131 yarat\u0131l\u0131yor. Gezegenler aras\u0131 yolculuklarda kullan\u0131lan bu teknik sayesinde, G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin d\u0131\u015far\u0131s\u0131na uzay arac\u0131 g\u00f6nderilmesi ba\u015far\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u015eubat 2007\u2019de Rosetta\u2019n\u0131n Mars \u00fczerinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015f, Mars\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczeyine 250 km gibi olduk\u00e7a yak\u0131n bir mesafeden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu ge\u00e7i\u015f esnas\u0131nda uzay arac\u0131n\u0131n Mars\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinden ge\u00e7iyor olmas\u0131, daha \u00f6nce planland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00fcne\u015f panellerinin 15 dakika kadar elektik enerjisinden yoksun kalmas\u0131na ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla arac\u0131n bu esnada kontrol edilememesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u201cMilyar Euroluk Kumar\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu ge\u00e7i\u015fte, herhangi bir sorun ya\u015fanmad\u0131 ve proje planland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi devam etti.<\/p>\n

Rosetta\u2019n\u0131n kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n G\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131ndaki y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine, kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131za yak\u0131n bir noktada oturarak, kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131za ad\u0131m ad\u0131m yakla\u015fmas\u0131 hesaplan\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylece kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131za g\u00f6rece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir h\u0131zla yakla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ve fazla yak\u0131t kullan\u0131lmadan yava\u015flatma manevras\u0131 yap\u0131larak, Rosetta\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimi son derece zay\u0131f olan kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine oturtulmas\u0131 isteniyor.<\/p>\n

Kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131, en geni\u015f yerinde 4 km olarak hesaplan\u0131yor. Yani bir gezegene g\u00f6re k\u00fctlesi k\u0131yaslanamayacak d\u00fczeyde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, haliyle k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimi de. \u00d6yle ki, bir da\u011f par\u00e7as\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki bu kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00fczerinde ya\u015f\u0131yor olsayd\u0131k, z\u0131plad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bir daha geri d\u00f6nmemek \u00fczere uzaya savrulurduk.<\/p>\n

A\u011fustos 2014 \u00a0i\u00e7erisinde y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye oturma i\u015flemi tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, Kas\u0131m 2014\u2019te Rosetta\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerinden ayr\u0131lacak olan Philae robotik ini\u015f mod\u00fcl\u00fc, olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir h\u0131zla kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131za yakla\u015facak ve \u00fczerine ini\u015f yapacak. Yap\u0131lan ini\u015fin ard\u0131ndan robotun y\u00fczeye tutunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ayaklar devreye girecek. Rosetta\u2019n\u0131n esas g\u00f6vdesi ise y\u00f6r\u00fcngede kalmaya devam edecek.<\/p>\n

Her ne kadar kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fczeyine ini\u015f yaparken, Mars ve Ay\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi ciddi bir k\u00fctle\u00e7ekime, yani h\u0131zlanarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 koymak gerekmiyor olsa da, kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n kendi etraf\u0131ndaki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 ve engebeli yap\u0131s\u0131, ini\u015f esnas\u0131nda \u00fcstesinden gelinmesi zorluklar aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Darmstadt kentindeki ESA\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 kumanda merkezinden y\u00f6netiliyor olacak.<\/p>\n

Rosetta hakk\u0131nda bilgiler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rosetta\u2019n\u0131n f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, yak\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 harcamadan \u00f6nceki k\u00fctlesi 3000 kg. Bunun 100 kg kadarl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131, y\u00fczeye ini\u015f yapacak Philae\u2019nin k\u00fctlesi. Rosetta ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu elektrik enerjisini, \u00fczerindeki g\u00fcne\u015f panelleri sayesinde elde ediyor.<\/p>\n

\u00dczerindeki roket sistemlerini kullanarak manevra yap\u0131yor ve b\u00f6ylelikle planlanan rotada kalabiliyor. Hassas manevralar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan reaksiyon kontrol sisteminde (RCS) ya\u015fanan yak\u0131t s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 birtak\u0131m endi\u015feler yaratsa da, projeyi y\u00fcr\u00fcten biliminsanlar\u0131, projenin ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamlanabilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli yak\u0131t\u0131n s\u0131zmadan kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n

Rosetta \u00fczerinde bulunan ve yap\u0131lacak g\u00f6zlemlerde kullan\u0131lacak aletlerden de k\u0131saca bahsedelim.<\/p>\n

ALICE: Ultraviyole g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme spektrometresi.<\/p>\n

CONSERT: Kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011fini radyo dalgalar\u0131 yayarak inceleme.<\/p>\n

COSIMA: \u0130kincil kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zsal iyon k\u00fctle spektrometresi.<\/p>\n

GIADA: Tanecik \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyicisi ve toz ak\u00fcm\u00fclat\u00f6r\u00fc.<\/p>\n

MIDAS: Mikro g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyici toz analiz sistemi.<\/p>\n

MIRO: Mikrodalga spektrometresi.<\/p>\n

OSIRIS: Optik, spektroskopik ve k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi uzaktan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme sistemi.<\/p>\n

ROSINA: \u0130yon ve n\u00f6tr analizler i\u00e7in spektrometre.<\/p>\n

RPC: Rosetta plazma konsorsiyumu.<\/p>\n

RSI: Radyo bilim incelemesi.<\/p>\n

VIRTIS: G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ve k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi termal g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme spektrometresi.<\/p>\n

Burada bahsi ge\u00e7en deney ve g\u00f6zlem aletlerinin kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z hakk\u0131nda bize ne gibi bilgiler verebilece\u011fini incelemek yerinde olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Projenin hedefleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rosetta\u2019n\u0131n en temel hedefi G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin k\u00f6kenlerinin ve evriminin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sunabilmek. Kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zlar G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin erken zamanlar\u0131na ait molek\u00fclleri bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca yap\u0131sal olarak gezegenleri ve G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019i olu\u015fturan madde kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahipler. Maddesel bile\u015fimleri G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019ni meydana getiren bulutsunun yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131yor. Bu y\u00fczden Rosetta ve Philae\u2019nin yapaca\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin bundan 4,6 milyar y\u0131l \u00f6nce nas\u0131l meydana geldi\u011fini anlamam\u0131za katk\u0131 sunacak.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin erken d\u00f6nemlerinde, kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n gezegenlere \u00e7arpma oranlar\u0131 \u015fimdiye k\u0131yasla olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksekti. Gezegenlere \u00e7arpan kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n gezegenlerin evriminde de anahtar rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Mesela D\u00fcnya\u2019daki okyanuslarda bulunan suyun olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n, kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n D\u00fcnya\u2019ya \u00e7arpmas\u0131yla D\u00fcnya\u2019ya geldi\u011fi tahmin ediliyor.\u00a0 Dahas\u0131 bu kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zlardan gelen karma\u015f\u0131k organik molek\u00fcller, hayat\u0131n evrimi \u00fczerinde de etkili roller oynam\u0131\u015f olabilirler.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca Rosetta, bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019e yakla\u015f\u0131rken ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fime yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131k olacak. Bilindi\u011fi gibi, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131na paralel olarak kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zlar, ad\u0131 koma olan bir atmosfer olu\u015fturuyorlar. Ayr\u0131ca toz kuyruk ve iyon kuyruk ad\u0131 verilen iki karakteristik kuyruk meydana getiriyorlar. Kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z \u00fczerinde b\u00fct\u00fcn bu de\u011fi\u015fimler ya\u015fan\u0131rken, Rosetta ve ini\u015f mod\u00fcl\u00fc orada olacak.<\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Rosetta\u2019n\u0131n ve ini\u015f mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerinde bulunan ayg\u0131tlar sayesinde kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131na dair de bilgiler edinilecek. Biliminsanlar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011fini incelemek istiyorlar.<\/p>\n

Rosetta, D\u00fcnya\u2019da hayat\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na dair katk\u0131 sunabilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Daha \u00f6nce bahsini etti\u011fimiz, ESA taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen Giotto Projesiyle, kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n kompleks organik molek\u00fcller ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair g\u00f6zlemler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu molek\u00fcller karbon, hidrojen, oksijen ve azot\u00e7a zengin molek\u00fcllerdi. \u0130lgili molek\u00fcller, ya\u015fam i\u00e7in gerekli olan aminoasit ve n\u00fckleikasitleri meydana getiren molek\u00fclledir.<\/p>\n

Peki ya\u015fam kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zlar sayesinde mi ba\u015flad\u0131? Rosetta bu soruya kesin bir cevap vermeyecekse de, insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in zengin bir bilgi birikimi yaratacakt\u0131r. Mesela Rosetta\u2019da bulunan ve k\u00fctle spektrometresi yapan cihazlar, kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zda bulunan organik molek\u00fcller hakk\u0131nda, \u00f6nceki g\u00f6zlemlere k\u0131yasla olduk\u00e7a net \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeler yapabilecektir. Ayr\u0131ca bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm aletleri, \u00e7e\u015fitli aminoasitleri tespit edebilecek hassasiyettedir.<\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00fczerindeki buzlarda yap\u0131lacak incelemeler sayesinde, D\u00fcnya\u2019daki suyun nereden gelmi\u015f olabilece\u011fi sorusuna da yan\u0131t aranacak. Suda bulunan hidrojen izotopu d\u00f6teryumun, hidrojenle olan oran\u0131ndan faydalan\u0131larak, D\u00fcnya\u2019daki sularda tespit edilen oranla k\u0131yaslamalar yap\u0131labilecek.<\/p>\n

Kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131za yakla\u015f\u0131rken\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

ESA 14 Temmuz 2014 g\u00fcn\u00fc Rosetta arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekimlerini yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Yay\u0131nlanan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclere g\u00f6re, kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u015fekli olduk\u00e7a \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131. Kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z iki farkl\u0131 k\u00fctlenin bir araya gelmesiyle olu\u015fmu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Daha \u015fimdiden bu kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n s\u0131radan bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131za yakla\u015f\u0131rken\u2026<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

D\u00fcnyadan yap\u0131lan incelemelerde uzakl\u0131k ve kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131 nedeniyle bu kadar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Elde edilen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler, kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131za yakla\u015f\u0131k 12.000 km uzakl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekildi.<\/p>\n

Rosetta ge\u00e7en her saniyede kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131za 8 m daha yakla\u015fmaya devam ediyor. 6 A\u011fustos\u2019ta ise kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine oturmu\u015f olmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Proje \u015fimdiye kadar olduk\u00e7a ufak sorunlarla ilerlese de, y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye girme ve y\u00fczeye ini\u015f projenin en zorlu k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 olacak gibi duruyor. Rosetta ile D\u00fcnya aras\u0131ndaki sinyal iletimi 50 dakika kadar gecikmeli olarak devam ediyor. Son teknoloji bilgisayar sistemlerinin destekleyece\u011fi, y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye oturma ve y\u00fczeye ini\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fanabilecek sorunlar i\u00e7in ciddi bir \u00f6n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u0130ni\u015f i\u00e7in kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fczeyinin aktif bir halde olmamas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli. Aksi halde ini\u015f mod\u00fcl\u00fc p\u00fcsk\u00fcren gazlar\u0131n etkisiyle zarar g\u00f6rebilir. \u0130ni\u015f mod\u00fcl\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 km uzaktan kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131za b\u0131rak\u0131lacak ve bir insan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 kadar bir h\u0131zla y\u00fczeye inecek. Y\u00fczeyle kuraca\u011f\u0131 temas i\u00e7in 30 derecelik bir tolerans olsa da, ya\u015fanacak daha ciddi sorunlar\u0131n ne yaz\u0131k ki geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayacak.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok say\u0131da biliminsan\u0131 ve m\u00fchendisin ESA b\u00fcnyesinde 1996 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu projeden beklenen sonu\u00e7lar al\u0131nabilirse, Rosetta bilim ad\u0131na olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sunmu\u015f olacak. Projenin ilerleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7lerindeki geli\u015fmeleri Bilim ve Gelecek<\/em>\u2019in sonraki say\u0131lar\u0131nda sizlerle payla\u015fmay\u0131 \u00fcmit ediyorum.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) http:\/\/blogs.esa.int\/rosetta\/<\/p>\n

2) http:\/\/www.esa.int\/Our_Activities\/Space_Science\/Rosetta<\/p>\n

3) http:\/\/rosetta.jpl.nasa.gov\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rosetta bir ilki ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek, A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda 67P\/C-G kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine oturacak olan insans\u0131z bir uzay arac\u0131. Rosetta\u2019n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 Philae robotik mod\u00fcl\u00fc ile kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00fczerine de inilecek. B\u00f6ylece insanl\u0131k, G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin en ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00fcyelerinden birisini, yani bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ok daha yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131yacak. Projenin temel hedefi G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin k\u00f6kenlerinin ve evriminin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sunabilmek. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde ya\u015fam\u0131n nas\u0131l […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":857,"featured_media":25594,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[163,30,26],"tags":[247,792,2327],"class_list":["post-11949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-126-sayi","category-astronomi","category-fizik","tag-astrofizik","tag-kuyrukluyildiz","tag-rosetta"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t