{"id":12048,"date":"2018-07-26T07:12:03","date_gmt":"2018-07-26T04:12:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=12048"},"modified":"2018-07-24T17:24:21","modified_gmt":"2018-07-24T14:24:21","slug":"sempanzelerin-zekasini-genler-belirliyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/07\/26\/sempanzelerin-zekasini-genler-belirliyor","title":{"rendered":"\u015eempanzelerin zek\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 genler belirliyor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Georgia Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde (GSU) yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n daha \u00f6nce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerinin aksine, \u015fempanzelerin zek\u00e2lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde genler, \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rlerden daha fazla \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n bulgular\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u015fempanzelerde, tamam\u0131 olmasa da baz\u0131 bili\u015fsel ya da ak\u0131lsal beceriler bariz bi\u00e7imde genlere dayan\u0131yor. Bu bulgular Current Biology <\/em>dergisinin son say\u0131s\u0131nda yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Georgia Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi Davran\u0131\u015fsal Sinirbilim Merkezi Profes\u00f6r\u00fc ve Emory \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ndeki Yerkes Ulusal Primat Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Dr. William Hopkins, zek\u00e2n\u0131n aileler boyunca aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi ve \u015funlar\u0131 ifade etti: \u201cBuradaki \u00f6nermemiz \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir: Genetik olmayan etkenlerin \u00e7ok fazla \u015fey a\u00e7\u0131klayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda genler, primatlar\u0131n onlara verilen g\u00f6revler \u00fczerindeki performanslar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6nemli rol oynuyor. \u0130\u015fte yeni olan tam da bu.\u201d<\/p>\n

Genlerin insan zek\u00e2s\u0131 ya da IQ \u00fczerindeki rol\u00fc senelerce ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusu oldu, ama Hopkins\u2019in ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar aras\u0131nda insan-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 primatlardaki bili\u015fsel becerilerin kal\u0131tsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma. \u015eu ana kadarki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, insan zek\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n genlerle aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor, ancak \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde \u00f6rg\u00fcn \u00f6\u011fretim, sosyoekonomik konum gibi sosyal ve \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rlerin de genler gibi zek\u00e2 \u00fczerinde rol\u00fc var. Olduk\u00e7a zeki olan ve genetik olarak da insanlara benzeyen \u015fempanzeler ise bu ilave sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel olanaklara sahip de\u011fil. Hopkins, \u201c\u015eempanzeler asl\u0131nda bizlere, insan zek\u00e2s\u0131 konusundaki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda genlerle buland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir bavul dolusu di\u011fer mekanizmalar olmadan, genlerin insan zek\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fi konusunda basit bir yol sunuyor\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, ya\u015flar\u0131 9-54 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen 99 \u015fempanze \u00fczerinde yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve bu \u015fempanzelere \u00e7e\u015fitli becerilerini de\u011ferlendirebilmek amac\u0131yla 13 farkl\u0131 bili\u015fsel test uyguland\u0131. Hopkins, \u015fempanzelerde bili\u015fsel performans\u0131n kal\u0131tsal olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptayabilmek ad\u0131na, uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli bili\u015fsel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerin benzerlik ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ili\u015fkisini derecelendirebilmek i\u00e7in niceliksel genetik analizlere ba\u015fvurdu. Genlerin de\u011fi\u015fik kategorilerdeki g\u00f6rev performanslar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, t\u00fcm bili\u015fsel becerilerde rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Geleneksel olarak hayvan zek\u00e2s\u0131 ya da hayvan \u00f6\u011frenmesi konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, \u00e7evrenin ve ge\u00e7mi\u015f davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n (ampirik \u00f6\u011frenmenin; \u00e7.n.) hayvanlar\u0131n belirli bir g\u00f6revi yerine getirmesinde etkili oldu\u011fu fikrini payla\u015f\u0131yorlar. Hopkins, \u201cEn az\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda salt \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rlere dayal\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n t\u00fcm meseleyi ayd\u0131nlatmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Genler de bu hususta \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip\u201d diyor. Hopkins ayr\u0131ca insan zek\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131yla benzerlikleri olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyebilmek amac\u0131yla \u015fempanzelerin zek\u00e2 yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde de \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u201cE\u011fer bir grup \u015fempanzeye geni\u015f bir dizi g\u00f6rev verirsek, becerilerindeki organizasyonun zorunlu olarak mant\u0131ksal olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Nitekim sonu\u00e7ta \u015fempanze zek\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n bir dereceye kadar insan zek\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131na benzedi\u011fini g\u00f6zlemledik\u201d diye ekliyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda Hopkins daha geni\u015f bir grup \u015fempanze \u00fczerinde bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 devam ettirmek istiyor. Ayr\u0131ca genlerin beynin d\u00fczenleni\u015fiyle ili\u015fkisi kadar, hangi genlerin zek\u00e2 ve bili\u015fsel beceri \u00fczerinde etkili oldu\u011funu belirleyebilmek amac\u0131yla bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam ettirmek niyetinde. Bunun yan\u0131nda Hopkins, insan evriminde hangi genlerin de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frayarak b\u00f6ylesi geli\u015fmi\u015f bir zek\u00e2y\u0131 \u00f6nc\u00fclledi\u011fini de belirlemeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Georgia Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde (GSU) yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n daha \u00f6nce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerinin aksine, \u015fempanzelerin zek\u00e2lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde genler, \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rlerden daha fazla \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n bulgular\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u015fempanzelerde, tamam\u0131 olmasa da baz\u0131 bili\u015fsel ya da ak\u0131lsal beceriler bariz bi\u00e7imde genlere dayan\u0131yor. Bu bulgular Current Biology dergisinin son say\u0131s\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Georgia Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi Davran\u0131\u015fsal Sinirbilim Merkezi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":848,"featured_media":25395,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[163,19,21,231],"tags":[983,2094,2059,554,1081],"class_list":["post-12048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-126-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-biyoloji","category-molekuler-biyoloji-ve-genetik","tag-canlilar","tag-genler","tag-maymunlar","tag-sempanze","tag-zeka"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t