Yard. Do\u00e7. Dr. Serap \u00d6zd\u00f6l Kutlu ile<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck Kaz\u0131s\u0131 Ba\u015fkan Yard., Ege \u00dcnv. \u00c7e\u015fme Turizm ve Otelcilik Y.O. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi<\/p>\n \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck dosyas\u0131n\u0131n iki unsurunun birlikte okunmas\u0131 yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r; Kaz\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ian Hodder\u2019in makalesinde \u00fczerinde durdu\u011fu konulara bu s\u00f6yle\u015fide yer vermedik, daha \u00e7ok tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 konulara y\u00f6neldik. Serap Han\u0131m\u2019dan, Neolitik D\u00f6nem, \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck yerle\u015fmesi ve kaz\u0131lar\u0131n pek \u00e7ok y\u00f6n\u00fcne \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan doyurucu yan\u0131tlar ald\u0131k. Onun, Kaz\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n yorumlamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi konulara pek girmemeyi uygun bulmas\u0131n\u0131 sayg\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yoruz. \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck gibi, arkeoloji i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemli bir yere oturan ve kaz\u0131 bulgular\u0131yla yeni tart\u0131\u015fmalar a\u00e7an bir yerle\u015fmeyi tek bir dosyada b\u00fct\u00fcn boyutlar\u0131yla, tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla ele almak da pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor zaten. Belki de bir yolculukla yan\u0131t aramal\u0131y\u0131z sorular\u0131m\u0131za. \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na kulak verme zaman\u0131d\u0131r\u2026<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Neolitik D\u00f6nem ve \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – Serap Han\u0131m, ilk olarak kendinizden s\u00f6z eder misiniz; kaz\u0131daki g\u00f6reviniz nedir, ne kadar zamand\u0131r kaz\u0131 ekibindesiniz?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck Kaz\u0131s\u0131\u2019nda ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7anak-\u00e7\u00f6mlek uzman\u0131 ve laboratuvar sorumlusuyum. Kaz\u0131 Projesine 1996\u2019da, Ege \u00dcnv. Arkeoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Protohistorya ve \u00d6nasya Arkeolojisi Anabilim Dal\u0131nda y\u00fcksek lisans \u00f6\u011frencisiyken ba\u015flad\u0131m. 1999\u2019da doktora tez konumu Kaz\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Ian Hodder\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nerisi \u00fczerine \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019ten ald\u0131m. Tezim Neolitik D\u00f6nem pi\u015fmi\u015f toprak \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mle\u011fi \u00fczerineydi. 2002\u2019ye kadar arazide kaz\u0131 yapt\u0131m, 2003\u2019de \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131m. Doktora tez konum di\u011fer iki yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f Neolitik merkezin (Erbaba ve S\u00fcberde) \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mle\u011fini de i\u00e7erdi\u011finden, projeden ayr\u0131larak 2004-2009 aras\u0131nda Konya Arkeoloji M\u00fczesi\u2019nde s\u00f6z konusu buluntu topluluklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck Kaz\u0131s\u0131\u2019na Hodder\u2019\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine 2011\u2019de geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcm.<\/p>\n – Okurlar\u0131m\u0131za b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir bak\u0131\u015f sa\u011flamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, Neolitik D\u00f6nem\u2019in ve bu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn insanl\u0131k tarihinde nas\u0131l bir yer tuttu\u011fundan k\u0131saca s\u00f6z edebilir misiniz?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Neolitik D\u00f6nem, en bilinen tan\u0131m\u0131yla; insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n, iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uygun, bitki ve hayvan \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin bir ortamda, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ya\u015fam tarz\u0131ndan yerle\u015fik hayata, sonras\u0131nda ise bitki ve hayvan evcille\u015ftirmeye yani tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ve tipik k\u00f6y ya\u015fam\u0131na ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bir s\u00fcreci ifade eder. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde ilk kez Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu\u2019da, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Zagros Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131 yama\u00e7lar\u0131, Yukar\u0131 Mezopotamya ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki Levant b\u00f6lgesinde, F\u0131rat, Dicle ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn Nehirlerinin sulad\u0131\u011f\u0131, arkeolojideki \u00f6zel terimiyle \u201cVerimli Hilal\u201dde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihindeki bu \u00f6nemli d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin \u00f6nc\u00fcllerinin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesini de i\u00e7ine alan Verimli Hilal b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden yakla\u015f\u0131k 13-14 biny\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nem ayn\u0131 zamanda buzullar\u0131n erimeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6neme, yani bug\u00fcn de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz Holosen D\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir. Verimli Hilal bu\u011fday ve arpan\u0131n do\u011fal ya\u015fam ortam\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, yo\u011fun nemli ortamda bu bitkiler s\u00f6z konusu yery\u00fcz\u00fc par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 zengin bir \u015fekilde kaplayarak, b\u00f6lgeyi gezici topluluklar i\u00e7in bulunmaz bir co\u011frafyaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Koyun ve ke\u00e7inin de yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu co\u011frafya, ayn\u0131 zamanda en uygun iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131 ile de b\u00f6lgedeki insanlar\u0131 kendine ba\u011fl\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Neolitik D\u00f6nem, uzun y\u0131llar basit tar\u0131mc\u0131 k\u00f6y topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem olarak yorumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak yak\u0131n bir zamanda san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha karma\u015f\u0131k ve dinamik bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, kan\u0131tlar bu sonuca i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n Neolitik D\u00f6nem ve ya\u015fam bi\u00e7iminin \u201c\u00e7ekirdek b\u00f6lge\u201dsi olarak yorumlanan Verimli Hilal\u2019de ve daha \u00f6zelle\u015ftirir ve \u00fclkemize d\u00f6nersek, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu\u2019daki \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc, Hallan \u00c7emi, Nevali \u00c7ori, G\u00f6beklitepe ve K\u00f6rtik Tepe gibi bir\u00e7ok yerle\u015fmede son derece geli\u015fkin, \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131, karma\u015f\u0131k ve yorumlanmas\u0131 bir hayli g\u00fc\u00e7 buluntularla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu kan\u0131tlar\u0131 a\u00e7arsak; Neolitik D\u00f6nemde en ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde sivil ve k\u00fclt ama\u00e7l\u0131 kamusal yap\u0131lar ayr\u0131m\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019nin yaln\u0131zca bir k\u00fclt merkezi olarak tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. San\u0131r\u0131m daha \u00f6nce derginizde G\u00f6beklitepe ve bu s\u00fcreci ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131n\u0131z. Neolitik D\u00f6nemin bu erken s\u00fcrecinde, an\u0131tsal ve sembolik bir dinsel mimarinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bu k\u00fclt yap\u0131lar\u0131nda ele ge\u00e7en ayn\u0131 nitelikteki heykelt\u0131ra\u015fl\u0131k eserleri ve prestij e\u015fyalar\u0131, \u015fimdilik arkaik formlar\u0131n\u0131 bilemedi\u011fimiz son derece incelikli, an\u0131tsal ve sofistike bir dinsel sanat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Ayr\u0131ca bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n ve eserlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik uygulamalar da karma\u015f\u0131k seremonik gelenekleri ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n Bu kan\u0131tlar analiz edildi\u011finde, Neolitik D\u00f6nemin ilk evrelerinde, yani \u00c7anak \u00c7\u00f6mleksiz Neolitik \u00c7a\u011fda, Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu\u2019daki baz\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ebe avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n neden yerle\u015fik topluluklara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri ve bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren halklar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel, dinsel, hiyerar\u015fik ve ideolojik olu\u015fum ve geli\u015fimleri, k\u0131saca sosyal yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendiren ana unsurun, kat\u0131 ve karma\u015f\u0131k bir inan\u00e7 sistemi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu sistemin olu\u015fumunda k\u00fclt merkezleri ve yap\u0131lar\u0131, ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bir toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 ve bu merkezler ve ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenen bir \u201ctap\u0131nak ekonomisi\u201dnin rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu\u2019da \u00e7ekirdek b\u00f6lge olarak nitelendirilen Verimli Hilal b\u00f6lgesinde, Neolitik \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n tipik ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi olan yerle\u015fik ya\u015fama ge\u00e7i\u015f, hayvan ve bitkilerin evcille\u015ftirilmesi ve sonras\u0131nda bu ya\u015fam bi\u00e7iminin geli\u015fmesi, yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc bile, d\u00f6nemin kurumsal bir niteli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f inan\u00e7 sistemi ile ili\u015fkilendirilir.<\/p>\n \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck ise yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak M\u00d6 7400\u2019lere tarihlenen en erken yerle\u015fme kat\u0131yla \u00c7anak \u00c7\u00f6mleksiz Neolitik D\u00f6nemin sonlar\u0131na, as\u0131l olarak ise \u00c7anak \u00c7\u00f6mlekli Neolitik D\u00f6neme tarihlenmektedir (M\u00d6 7000-6000 aras\u0131). Orta Anadolu\u2019da, Konya Ovas\u0131\u2019nda yer alan yerle\u015fme, Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu \u00e7ekirdek b\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6re hem g\u00f6rece daha ge\u00e7 hem de bu b\u00f6lgeden g\u00f6rece uzakt\u0131r. Ancak i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu co\u011frafi b\u00f6lge, Mehmet \u00d6zdo\u011fan\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u201cOrta Anadolu Neoliti\u011fi \u00c7ekirdek B\u00f6lgesi\u201ddir. Yani Neoliti\u011fin bir ba\u015fka olu\u015fum b\u00f6lgesi.<\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn Anadolu\u2019daki di\u011fer \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131yla (G\u00fcneydo\u011fu ve Do\u011fu Anadolu ve Orta Anadolu\u2019dakilerle) benzerlikleri, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 neler? Mehmet \u00d6zdo\u011fan Anadolu\u2019da kaz\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen Neolitik yerle\u015fmeleri, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu ile Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun g\u00fcneyini kapsayan b\u00f6lge ve \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da \u00f6zellikle Ni\u011fde ve Konya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7evresini kapsayan b\u00f6lge olarak ikiye ay\u0131r\u0131yor. Sizin bu konudaki yorumlar\u0131n\u0131z nedir?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – Bu do\u011fru, Neolitik D\u00f6nemde k\u00fclt\u00fcr b\u00f6lgelerinden s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Ancak hi\u00e7bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr b\u00f6lgesi tamamen \u00f6zg\u00fcn ya da izole bir karakter g\u00f6stermiyor. Her bir b\u00f6lge baz\u0131 teknolojik yenilikleri, \u00f6rne\u011fin obsidyen i\u015fleme teknolojisinde bask\u0131 tekni\u011fi, \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek yap\u0131m\u0131nda ta\u015f\u00e7\u0131k i\u00e7erikli kil kayna\u011f\u0131 kullanma gibi ya da kimi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6\u011feleri, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u00f6l\u00fc g\u00f6mme gelenekleri ve bo\u011fa k\u00fclt\u00fc gibi kimi sembolik \u00f6\u011feleri payla\u015f\u0131p ortak olarak uygulayabiliyor. Ya da bazen iki g\u00f6rece yak\u0131n yerle\u015fmenin bile, birbirlerinden bir hayli farkl\u0131 teknolojik uygulamalar\u0131 ve sembolik d\u00fcnyalar\u0131 olabildi\u011fini g\u00f6rebiliyoruz.<\/p>\n \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019e 1400 y\u0131l boyunca yerle\u015filmi\u015f. Bunun ilk 400 y\u0131l\u0131 hen\u00fcz neredeyse hi\u00e7 bilinmiyor ve bu d\u00f6nemi \u00e7evre ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak zor. M\u00d6 7. biny\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda ise, yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinde \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 yok. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te en yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Bey\u015fehir-Su\u011fla b\u00f6lgesi ve bu b\u00f6lgedeki S\u00fcberde, Erbaba, G\u00f6kh\u00f6y\u00fck Ba\u011flar\u0131 H\u00f6y\u00fck gibi yerle\u015fmeler. Hem \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek hem de mimari, hem de ta\u015f aletler gelene\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan. Ni\u011fde-Aksaray b\u00f6lgesinde de bu d\u00f6nemde hen\u00fcz \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir yerle\u015fme kaz\u0131lmad\u0131. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 bir yerle\u015fme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan de\u011fil. \u00d6rne\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla Tepecik-\u00c7iftlik yerle\u015fmesinin, \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn \u201cklasik\u201d d\u00f6nemine denk gelen tabakalar\u0131 var. Ancak hen\u00fcz bunlar tam olarak yay\u0131mlanmad\u0131. Ve di\u011fer taraftan Ni\u011fde-Aksaray b\u00f6lgesi Neoliti\u011fin ge\u00e7 evrelerinde \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck ve \u00e7evresinden hem daha farkl\u0131 hem de daha renkli ve vars\u0131l bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr b\u00f6lgesi izlenimi veriyor. Hatta Tepecik-\u00c7iftlik\u2019in ve K\u00f6\u015fkh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn, Ge\u00e7 Neolitik ve Kalkolitik \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mleklerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, adeta \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck duvar resimlerindeki bir\u00e7ok unsur, konu ve sembol\u00fcn \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek \u00fczerine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u00d6zetle \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck, Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu Neoliti\u011fi \u00e7ekirdek b\u00f6lgesinden, daha ge\u00e7 ve farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6steriyor. Ancak kendi b\u00f6lgesinde ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ise, \u00c7anak \u00c7\u00f6mlekli Neoliti\u011fin ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda yani M\u00d6 7. biny\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fc Bey\u015fehir-Su\u011fla ile yak\u0131n ayr\u0131 bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr b\u00f6lgesi olarak niteleyebilir ve Ni\u011fde-Aksaray\u2019\u0131 ise soru i\u015faretiyle tan\u0131mlayabiliriz. Yine 7. biny\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ise \u201cklasik\u201d \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn yap\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi ve d\u00f6nemin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru ise n\u00fcfusun \u00e7evredeki ve daha uzaklardaki ba\u015fka yerleri isk\u00e2n etmek \u00fczere \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019ten ayr\u0131larak da\u011f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Yine bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in, olduk\u00e7a vars\u0131l bir karakter g\u00f6steren Ni\u011fde-Aksaray k\u00fclt\u00fcr b\u00f6lgesi ile \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck ve yak\u0131n \u00e7evresini do\u011frudan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmuyor. Ancak belki de \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019ten ayr\u0131lan topluluklar s\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6lgeye de da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131lar, atalar\u0131n\u0131n sembolizm anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ba\u015fka bir b\u00f6lgeye, d\u00f6neme ve materyal \u00fczerine ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar. Sonu\u00e7 olarak her iki b\u00f6lgenin de Orta Anadolu Neolitik \u00e7ekirdek b\u00f6lgesinde yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 ve onun karakterini g\u00f6sterdikleri s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n – Yak\u0131n mesafelerde, hen\u00fcz ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ba\u015fka Neolitik yerle\u015fmelerin oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor musunuz?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Douglas Baird ve ekibi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan y\u00fczey ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn M\u00d6. 7. biny\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinde \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 yok. Birka\u00e7 yerle\u015fmede M\u00d6 7. biny\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011fine tarihlenen \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn tipik \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek gelene\u011fine benzeyen birka\u00e7 \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek ve ta\u015f alet ele ge\u00e7mi\u015f. Ancak yo\u011fun malzeme veren bir y\u00fczey bulgusu\/ yerle\u015fmesi ve\/ya da s\u00f6z konusu s\u00fcrece tarihlenen bir kaz\u0131 yeri yok. Ancak \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn Konya Ovas\u0131\u2019ndaki uzak ve yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinde, Neoliti\u011fin ge\u00e7 evrelerine ve ayr\u0131ca Kalkolitik ve Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011flara tarihlenen 400\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde h\u00f6y\u00fck tespit edilmi\u015f. Zaten bu h\u00f6y\u00fcklerden \u00e7o\u011funu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019e yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda, kendi g\u00f6zlerinizle g\u00f6r\u00fcp ay\u0131rt edebilirsiniz. Ancak \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma, ku\u015fkusuz yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve kaz\u0131larla de\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130ki ayr\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck: Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te ba\u015fka hangi k\u00fclt\u00fcr d\u00f6nemleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz? Kaz\u0131lar hangi d\u00f6neme yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda ikisi de \u00c7ar\u015famba \u00c7ay\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na kurulmu\u015f, aralar\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 m\u2019lik mesafe olan iki \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck var. Biri Neolitik D\u00f6nemde y\u00fckselmi\u015f ve daha \u00e7ok bilinen \u201cDo\u011fu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u201d, di\u011feri ise Kalkolitik D\u00f6nem\u2019de yerle\u015filmi\u015f olan \u201cBat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u201d. Ancak literat\u00fcrde yaln\u0131zca \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck olarak ge\u00e7en Do\u011fu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019t\u00fcr, yani Neolitik olan\u0131d\u0131r. Kaz\u0131lar da daha \u00e7ok burada yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn bu\u00a0 iki ayr\u0131 yerle\u015fmesi aras\u0131nda devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6steren bulgular var m\u0131; yoksa Kalkolitik D\u00f6nemde bamba\u015fka insanlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019e yeniden yerle\u015fildi\u011fini mi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Do\u011fu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck yakla\u015f\u0131k M\u00d6 7400-6000 aras\u0131na, Bat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck ise yakla\u015f\u0131k M\u00d6 6000-5500 aras\u0131na tarihlendirilir. Son y\u0131llarda artan kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla birlikte, Neolitik D\u00f6nemden Kalkolitik D\u00f6neme ge\u00e7i\u015f ve ayn\u0131 zamanda hangi karakteristik unsurlar\u0131n Kalkolitik D\u00f6nemi, \u00f6zellikle de erken evresini, temsil etti\u011fi olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 konular haline gelmi\u015ftir. 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda Erken Kalkolitik olarak tan\u0131mlanan yerle\u015fme, tabaka ve malzeme toplulu\u011funun, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Neoliti\u011fin devam\u0131 ya da Neoliti\u011fin son evreleri olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 \u00f6neriliyor. Hatta b\u00f6lgeye ve yerle\u015fmeye g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fse de, Neoliti\u011fin M\u00d6 5700\/5500\u2019lerde bitti\u011fi ve Kalkoliti\u011fin ise yine bu tarihlerde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikri benimsenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Yine de klasik terminolojide, Kalkoliti\u011fin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak M\u00d6 6000\u2019ler kabul g\u00f6rmeye devam ediyor. Biz de kaz\u0131 ekibi olarak her ikisini de hem tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor hem kullanmaya devam ediyoruz.<\/p>\n \u0130ki h\u00f6y\u00fck aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki konusuna gelirsek, Ian Hodder, bu dosyada yer verece\u011finiz makalesinde de belirtti\u011fi \u00fczere, projede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n bulgular\u0131na g\u00f6re, Do\u011fu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn ge\u00e7 yerle\u015fmelerinde, yani M\u00d6 7. biny\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda, b\u00fct\u00fcn Orta Anadolu\u2019yu ve hatta Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu\u2019daki geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgeyi etkileyen bir kurakl\u0131k d\u00f6nemi oldu\u011funu, \u00c7ar\u015famba \u00c7ay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ta\u015fk\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n sona erdi\u011fini, \u00e7ay\u0131n yatak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini ve bu nedenle Bat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te bir yerle\u015fme ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Do\u011fu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te en ge\u00e7 tabakalar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Polonya ekip Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Arek Marciniak, Do\u011fu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck halk\u0131n\u0131n ya da onun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan bir toplulu\u011fun, Bat\u0131 H\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131p orada ya\u015famaya karar verdi\u011fine ili\u015fkin elimizde arkeolojik bir kan\u0131t olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Arek a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde, Bat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019teki en erken tabakalar hen\u00fcz kaz\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, Do\u011fu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn sonu ile Bat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn ilk yerle\u015fmeleri aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011f kurman\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Do\u011fu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn ne zaman sona erdi\u011fini kesin olarak biliyoruz (yak. M\u00d6 5950), ancak Bat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 belirsizdir. Arek, Do\u011fu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck ile Bat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck halklar\u0131n\u0131n iki farkl\u0131 grup olduklar\u0131na inan\u0131yor. Ancak her ikisi de a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde Orta Anadolu gelene\u011fine sahipler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her iki h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn materyal k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc aras\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek, mimari, fig\u00fcrin ve g\u00f6m\u00fc gelenekleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar var.<\/p>\n Ancak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, Bat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn ana toprak \u00fczerindeki en erken yerle\u015fmesi hakk\u0131nda daha fazla \u015fey \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimiz zaman daha iyi tan\u0131mlanabilecektir. Bu sorunu ayd\u0131nlatabilecek en \u00f6nemli alanlar, Do\u011fu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te kaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f TP ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 kaz\u0131lmakta olan TPC alanlar\u0131, Bat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te ise 5 No\u2019lu A\u00e7mada daha derine inen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar olacakt\u0131r. Bat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te 5 No\u2019lu A\u00e7mada\u00a0 kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten Peter F. Biehl ise, Do\u011fu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn son tabakalar\u0131nda \u00c7ar\u015famba \u00c7ay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini ve do\u011fudan uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu yata\u011fa yak\u0131n olmak i\u00e7in \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck halk\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor (Biehl ile ki\u015fisel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme).<\/p>\n – Siz hangi teze yak\u0131ns\u0131n\u0131z?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir bilim insan\u0131 olarak, Bat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mle\u011finin, \u00e7evredeki yerel kil kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve Do\u011fu\u2019dan daha erken d\u00f6nemlerden bilinen baz\u0131 arkaik formlar\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 gibi \u00f6zellikleriyle, Do\u011fu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck Neolitik gelene\u011finden tamamen kopuk olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilirim. Ayr\u0131ca Do\u011fu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te duvarlar \u00fczerinde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz kimi desenlerin ve baz\u0131 seremonik fig\u00fcr ve sahnelerin, \u00f6rne\u011fin dans eden \u015fi\u015fman kad\u0131n fig\u00fcrleri ve el izleri, Bat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck seramikleri \u00fczerinde de yinelendi\u011fini ve sahnelendi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Do\u011fu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te hi\u00e7 olmayan, kap altl\u0131klar\u0131\/ayaklar\u0131 (pot stand), Bat\u0131\u2019da \u00e7ok say\u0131da ve bezemeli olarak ele ge\u00e7iyor. Bat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck seramikleri \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Ingmar Franz\u2019a g\u00f6re, Bat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck Kalkolitik duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde, Do\u011fu \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn seramik par\u00e7alar\u0131 bulundu. Yani Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n duvarlar\u0131 do\u011fudan getirilen toprakla, hammadde ile in\u015fa edilmi\u015f. Ancak t\u00fcm bunlardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019dan gelenler taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu\u011funu\/kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmek biraz zor g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Bunlara ek olarak, biz Do\u011fu H\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019teki, en \u00fcst tabakalar\u0131n kaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 TPC alan\u0131ndan gelen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k malzeme i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da Kalkolitik malzeme de buluyoruz. Hatta b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fcp par\u00e7alar\u0131 bile var. Belki de Do\u011fu\u2019nun herhangi bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yerle\u015fildi, ama biz bilmiyoruz ya da hen\u00fcz mimari olarak saptamad\u0131k.<\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck sakinleri nereden gelmi\u015f olabilir, Anadolu\u2019nun bir ba\u015fka yerle\u015fmesinden mi?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn en erken tabakalar\u0131 hen\u00fcz \u00e7ok iyi bilinmiyor. \u00d6zellikle de \u00c7anak \u00c7\u00f6mleksiz Neolitik yani Akeramik yerle\u015fme. Ancak \u00c7anak \u00c7\u00f6mlekli Neoliti\u011fin genel karakterine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Orta Anadolu gelene\u011finde olan insanlar taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Ayr\u0131ca kendisinden yakla\u015f\u0131k biny\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce kurulan ve ikisi de Konya Ovas\u0131\u2019nda yer alan Boncuklu ve P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131 yerle\u015fmeleri \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn olas\u0131 \u00f6nc\u00fclleri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilirler. \u00d6zellikle en erken yerle\u015fmesi yak.M\u00d6 8500\u2019e tarihlenen Boncuklu yerle\u015fmesinde ev i\u00e7i kullan\u0131mla ilgili elde edilen baz\u0131 veriler, \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019teki baz\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fclleri gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn Neolitik D\u00f6nem i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a kalabal\u0131k bir n\u00fcfusa sahip oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. 8000 ki\u015finin bir arada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediliyor.<\/em><\/strong> N\u00fcfus ve sosyoekonomik ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019e k\u00f6y m\u00fc demeli, kent mi?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck hem n\u00fcfus hem de ekonomik ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re, ne bildi\u011fimiz klasik kent tan\u0131m\u0131na uyuyor, ne de tipik k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck n\u00fcfuslu bir k\u00f6y. Bazen kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ve kalabal\u0131k bir k\u00f6y (a very large village), bazen Neolitik bir kasaba \u201ca Neolithic town\u201d ya da bir Neolitik kent \u201ca Neolithic city\u201d. T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi de bu y\u00fczden de\u011fi\u015febiliyor. Yerle\u015fmenin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve n\u00fcfusu ve b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla \u00e7evredeki halklar\u0131 da b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor olmas\u0131, onun bir kent gibi alg\u0131lanmas\u0131na, ancak di\u011fer taraftan kendi kendine yeten ev temelli (house-based) bir ekonomiye sahip olmas\u0131 ve klasik bir kent tan\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak herhangi bir merkezi ya da kamusal yap\u0131ya ve belirgin bir toplumsal hiyerar\u015fiye sahip olmamas\u0131 ise kent gibi alg\u0131lanamamas\u0131na neden oluyor.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Evin sosyal ya\u015fam\u0131n merkezinde oldu\u011fu e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir toplum<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck yerle\u015fmesinin, insanl\u0131k tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hangi \u201cilk\u201dleri bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck, d\u00f6nemi ve b\u00f6lgesinde bir megak\u00f6y, metropol ya da Neolitik bir kent konumunda ve tek yerle\u015fme. Etraf\u0131ndaki g\u00f6\u00e7ebe, yar\u0131-g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ve b\u00fcnyesindeki yerle\u015fik topluluklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor olmal\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6zellikle \u201cKlasik\u201d \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck dedi\u011fimiz M\u00d6 7. biny\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda ve \u00f6zellikle ortas\u0131nda \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn \u00e7evresinde onunla \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ba\u015fka bir yerle\u015fme yok. Sanat ve sembolizm a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu\u2019da \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en iyi korunmu\u015f, en karma\u015f\u0131k duvar resimleri, kabartmalar ve heykellere sahip olan\u0131.<\/p>\n Normal bir h\u00f6y\u00fck boyutlar\u0131ndan bir hayli, belki alt\u0131-yedi kat daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yerle\u015fme. Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu\u2019daki \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda onun kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck yerle\u015fmeler var. Ancak \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck yap\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re yak. 3000-8000 ki\u015finin bir arada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u201ckent\u201d. Merkezi bir yap\u0131 yok, tap\u0131nak yok, bug\u00fcne kadar bulunamad\u0131, ama bu kalabal\u0131k n\u00fcfus bir arada biny\u0131ldan fazla bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir bi\u00e7imde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n Herhangi bir belirgin ve ortak kullan\u0131lan kamusal yap\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, her evin kendi i\u00e7inde domestik ve rit\u00fcelistik alan\u0131yla kendi mikrokozmosunu yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Evler ve bu evlerde \u00e7\u0131kan buluntular ve g\u00f6m\u00fctler aras\u0131nda da belirgin bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir yap\u0131da oldu\u011fu \u00f6nerilebilir. \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kan\u0131tlara g\u00f6re, toplumsal farkl\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n belirgin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da Hodder\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nerdi\u011fi \u201chistory houses\u201d sistemi ile zay\u0131f kan\u0131tlarla belli belirsiz hissedildi\u011fi bir toplum yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Toplumsal yap\u0131 olarak, yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da kendisinden \u00e7ok daha eski yerle\u015fmelerde bile s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131, hiyerar\u015fik bir toplum yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu durumda \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck s\u00f6z konusu arkaik sosyal tablodan bir hayli uzak ve daha muammalarla dolu bir yap\u0131 g\u00f6stermekte, daha do\u011frusu yerle\u015fmeden elde edilen kan\u0131tlar\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmesine ra\u011fmen kendisini h\u00e2l\u00e2 iyi gizlemektedir.<\/p>\n – Ian Hodder\u2019in pek \u00e7ok yerde ve dosyam\u0131zdaki makalesinde de savlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te e\u015fit ve lidersiz bir toplum s\u00f6z konusu. Arkeolojik yerle\u015fmelerde bulunan, sosyal farkl\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131 say\u0131lan nesnelerden biri de \u00f6l\u00fc hediyeleridir. \u00d6l\u00fc hediyeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te durum nedir? Farkl\u0131 bireyler aras\u0131nda ya da farkl\u0131 cinsiyetler aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 anlayabilece\u011fimiz hediyeler yok mu?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – Genellikle derin bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fcyor. Yani \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn sosyal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fc hediyelerinden anlamak da \u00e7ok m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmuyor. Ancak baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Baz\u0131 mezarlarda bulunan obsidyen ayna, ah\u015fap kap ya da kuma\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131 ile g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f baz\u0131 insanlar, di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 bir stat\u00fcye mi sahiptiler sorusunu akla getiriyor. Ayr\u0131ca \u00f6l\u00fc g\u00f6mme bi\u00e7imleri de, yani Hodder\u2019\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131nda belirtti\u011fi gibi baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131n ba\u015fs\u0131z g\u00f6m\u00fclmeleri ve\/ya da kafataslar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 da topluluk i\u00e7indeki bir farkl\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilir mi? \u00d6rne\u011fin alt katlardan ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fczeri kille kaplan\u0131p, y\u00fcz\u00fc k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 a\u015f\u0131 boyas\u0131 ile birka\u00e7 defa boyanm\u0131\u015f bir kafatas\u0131 ile g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir kad\u0131n iskeleti \u00fcnik bir buluntu. \u00d6l\u00fc g\u00f6mme bi\u00e7imi ve hediyelerinde kad\u0131n ve erkek ayr\u0131m\u0131 gibi bir olgu g\u00f6zlenmedi.<\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck kaz\u0131lar\u0131 bol miktarda \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fc iskeletini de g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. \u0130skeletler bize \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fcler hakk\u0131nda neler s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor? Cinsiyet da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, ya\u015fl\u0131-gen\u00e7-\u00e7ocuk oranlar\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcm ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu, \u00f6l\u00fcm nedenlerinin neler olabilece\u011fi? \u00d6l\u00fcmle ilintili inan\u00e7lar?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te evlerin \u00e7o\u011funun tabanlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda g\u00f6m\u00fctler yer al\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca tek bir g\u00f6m\u00fcte sahipken, \u00e7o\u011funda birka\u00e7 taneye rastlan\u0131r ve nadiren de olsa bir ev i\u00e7inde 60 k\u00fcsur iskeletin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u0130skeletler, genellikle tipik olarak bezemelerin ve s\u00fcslemelerin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 evlerin kuzey b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde, zeminden biraz y\u00fcksek yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sekilerin alt\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fclmeden \u00f6nce ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya has\u0131ra sar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kincil g\u00f6m\u00fclerin oldu\u011funu da, yani baz\u0131 ki\u015filerin zaman i\u00e7inde kendi mezarlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p ba\u015fka yerlere g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fcklerini biliyoruz. Bazen sadece kafatas\u0131, kimi zamansa kol ve bacaklar\u0131n uzun kemikleri yerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p tekrar g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Neden bu t\u00fcrde bir ev i\u00e7ine g\u00f6m\u00fc gelene\u011fi oldu\u011funu tam olarak bilemiyoruz. Ancak \u00f6len aile bireylerine, atalar\u0131na yak\u0131n olma, onlarla ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7me ve ku\u015faklar aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 kurma iste\u011fi bunda etkili olmu\u015f olabilir. \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te \u00f6l\u00fcme ve \u00f6l\u00fclere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen tutum, bizim bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bak\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ancak anne karn\u0131ndaki gibi (cenin \/ hoker pozisyonu) ve hediyeleriyle birlikte g\u00f6m\u00fclen insanlar, e\u011fer \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn bir ba\u015fka boyutta tekrar canlan\u0131p ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle ev i\u00e7lerine, yat\u0131p uyuduklar\u0131 sekilerin altlar\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fclerse, \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019l\u00fclerin d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yayg\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 bir yerde yak\u0131nla\u015f\u0131yor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n \u0130skeletlere ait kemikler, \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n beslenmeleri ve hayat tarzlar\u0131yla ilgili \u00e7ok \u015fey anlat\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin kemik enfeksiyonlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir oranda saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bundan da fiziksel olarak g\u00fc\u00e7 gerektiren i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 sonucu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u015flerinde bu\u011fday t\u00fcketiminden dolay\u0131 y\u00fcksek oranda \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck g\u00f6zlenir. Sivrisineklerin neden oldu\u011fu s\u0131tma ve ocak ve f\u0131r\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan dumanlar\u0131 uzun sure solumak zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 akci\u011fer hastal\u0131klar\u0131 da saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak d\u00f6nemlerindeki \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131yla k\u0131yasland\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck insanlar\u0131n\u0131n daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn yerle\u015fildi\u011fi d\u00f6nemdeki co\u011frafi \u00f6zellikleri bug\u00fcnden farkl\u0131 olmal\u0131. O d\u00f6nemdeki \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck nas\u0131l bir co\u011frafi ortamda bulunuyordu? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck, kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Bey\u015fehir-Su\u011fla havzas\u0131ndan alan \u00c7ar\u015famba \u00c7ay\u0131 kenar\u0131ndaki do\u011fal bir y\u00fckselti\/seki \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015f. Etraf\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde batakl\u0131k bir alan. S\u0131k ormanl\u0131klar yok. Suyu seven zay\u0131f a\u011fa\u00e7lar ve su bitkileri var. \u00c7ar\u015famba \u00c7ay\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki yo\u011fun sazl\u0131k alanlar, binalar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda ve has\u0131r \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131. \u00c7evrede su ku\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ve ku\u015f yumurtalar\u0131n\u0131n, yabani s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, domuz ve geyik gibi hayvanlar\u0131n bolca bulundu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck halk\u0131 arkeolojik kan\u0131tlara g\u00f6re, bunlar\u0131n hepsinden yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde faydalanm\u0131\u015f. Eski bitki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen uzmanlarca (arkeobotanik\u00e7iler), tar\u0131m\u0131n \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn batakl\u0131k olan yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinde de\u011fil de, 10-15 km uzakl\u0131ktaki tar\u0131ma daha uygun arazilerde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn orada hasat edilip getirildi\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. A\u011f\u0131r y\u00fcklerin ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, insanlar\u0131n s\u0131rtlar\u0131ndaki kemik yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bozuklu\u011fundan anl\u0131yoruz. Etraftaki Karada\u011f ya da Karacada\u011f gibi da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda s\u0131k ormanl\u0131k alanlar var ve ah\u015fab\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, \u00f6zellikle evlerde ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 direkler olarak kullan\u0131lan dayan\u0131kl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar buralardan getiriliyor.<\/p>\n Konya Ovas\u0131 eski bir pl\u00fcvyal g\u00f6l taban\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00e7o\u011fu yerde \u201cmarl\u201d ad\u0131 verilen kire\u00e7 \u00e7\u00f6kelti kaynaklar\u0131na sahip. \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck halk\u0131 da yak\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki bu hammadde kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir madenci gibi kullanm\u0131\u015f ve mimaride evlerinin ana s\u0131va malzemelerinden biri olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015f.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te tar\u0131m yapmaya ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecini g\u00f6r\u00fcyor muyuz?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – Tar\u0131m ba\u015ftan beri biliniyor.<\/p>\n – Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ne zaman ba\u015fl\u0131yor? Tar\u0131mla birlikte mi, \u00f6nce mi, sonra m\u0131?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te yerle\u015fmenin ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri koyun ve ke\u00e7i evcil. Ancak s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yerle\u015fmenin yani Neoliti\u011fin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru 6300\/200\u2019lerde evcille\u015ftiriliyor. Yani bu konunun tar\u0131mla bir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 yok. Bat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te ise t\u00fcm\u00fcyle evcil s\u0131\u011f\u0131r t\u00fcketimiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n – Hangi bitkileri \u00fcretmi\u015fler?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Bu\u011fday, arpa, mercimek, nohut yeti\u015ftirmi\u015fler ve baz\u0131 k\u00f6kl\u00fc, yumrulu ve taneli bitkileri ve meyveleri toplayarak t\u00fcketmi\u015fler.<\/p>\n – Karma bir besin \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc m\u00fc var: Avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve tar\u0131m, hatta hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7 i\u00e7e mi?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – Tar\u0131mc\u0131 bir topluluk, koyun ve ke\u00e7iyi evcil olarak t\u00fcketiyor yani besliyor, ancak Neoliti\u011fin nerdeyse sonlar\u0131na kadar yabani s\u0131\u011f\u0131r ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131 avl\u0131yor ve t\u00fcketiyor. Karma bir ekonomileri oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. \u00c7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek i\u00e7indeki lipid kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan s\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00d6 6500\/400\u2019lerden itibaren kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7inde hayvansal ya\u011f izlerine rastland\u0131.<\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fclerin kulland\u0131klar\u0131 aletler neler? G\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda kulland\u0131klar\u0131 aletleri nelerden ve nas\u0131l \u00fcretiyorlar?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7e\u015fitli ta\u015f ve kaya\u00e7 t\u00fcrlerinden, obsidyen ve \u00e7akmakta\u015f\u0131ndan, ah\u015fap ve deriden, kilden, kemikten, kam\u0131\u015ftan, kabak gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli bitkilerden ezici, kesici, delici, parlat\u0131c\u0131, d\u00f6v\u00fcc\u00fc, ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131, s\u0131y\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 aletlerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yapabiliyorlard\u0131. M\u0131zrak, ok ucu, yay gibi av aletleri, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k aletleri, kolye, bilezik, halhal gibi boncuklardan yap\u0131lma s\u00fcs e\u015fyalar\u0131, pandantifler, pi\u015fmi\u015f toprak kap kacak, kemer tokas\u0131, obsidyen ayna, has\u0131r, damga m\u00fch\u00fcrler, i\u011fne, biz, \u00e7atal, ka\u015f\u0131k, spatula, sepet, havan, havan eli, \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme ta\u015flar\u0131, ezgi ta\u015flar\u0131 vb. \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fyalard\u0131r. Ta\u015f ve a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcrlerinin hemen t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yerle\u015fme d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan, \u00f6rnekse \u00e7evredeki Karada\u011f, Karacada\u011f gibi da\u011flardan, obsidyenin Kapadokya B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nden, Aksaray civar\u0131ndan, \u00e7akmakta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yine uzak ve yak\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki bir\u00e7ok merkezden, dokuma kuma\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Suriye\u2019den, baz\u0131 deniz kabuklar\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz\u2019den, baz\u0131 \u00e7akmakta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yine Kuzey Suriye\u2019den getirildi\u011fini analizler sonucunda biliyoruz. Di\u011fer malzemeler, \u00f6rnekse kil, kemik, kam\u0131\u015f yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinden zaten sa\u011flanabiliyor.<\/p>\n – Obsidyenin Kapadokya b\u00f6lgesindeki tam kayna\u011f\u0131 ne? Obsidyenden neler yap\u0131yorlar?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn obsidyen kayna\u011f\u0131 Orta Anadolu\u2019daki Hasan Da\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresindeki G\u00f6ll\u00fcda\u011f, Nenezi gibi obsidyen yataklar\u0131. Obsidyen, ayna gibi prestij e\u015fyalar\u0131ndan, m\u0131zrak ve ok u\u00e7lar\u0131na kadar her t\u00fcrl\u00fc av ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015flerde kullan\u0131lan aletin yap\u0131m\u0131na kadar yo\u011fun bir miktarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n – Suriye gibi, K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz gibi uzak mesafelerden nas\u0131l malzeme getirmi\u015f olabilirler, yolculuklar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l yapt\u0131lar, y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek mi? Binek hayvan\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f durumda m\u0131? Ya da sal vs. yap\u0131m\u0131? \u0130\u015fi ticaret yapmak olan bir grup insan\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcr m\u00fc uzak mesafeler aras\u0131 ticaretin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – \u0130nsano\u011flu, M\u00d6 4. biny\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda \u00f6nce e\u015fek sonra at\u0131 evcille\u015ftirip binek hayvan\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ncaya kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn seyahatlerini yaya olarak ya da salla su yollar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Neolitik D\u00f6nemde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir ticaretten \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015ftoku\u015f, yani takas sistemini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek laz\u0131m. Yani bir mal\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yere kadar ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi ya da ki\u015filerce g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden \u00e7ok, mal\u0131n elden ele aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek laz\u0131m.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fclerin sembol d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda neler var?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te duvarlarda rastlanan akbabalarla birlikte betimlenmi\u015f ba\u015fs\u0131z insanlar\u0131n neyi simgeledi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz? Genel olarak \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fclerin sembolik d\u00fcnyalar\u0131nda neler var?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – Bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131 i\u00e7in Ian\u2019\u0131n makalesine bakmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Ancak ben de \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilirim: Akbaba ile ba\u015fs\u0131z insanlar ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00fcm aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki kurulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Sembol d\u00fcnyalar\u0131nda, ba\u015fta bo\u011fa olmak \u00fczere, leopar, ay\u0131, akbaba gibi hayvanlar bol miktarda yer al\u0131yor. Tabii hayvanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda insan ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sembolik bir unsur oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Damga m\u00fch\u00fcrler \u00fczerindeki, el ve g\u00f6bek gibi fig\u00fcrler ya da soyut fig\u00fcrler de sembol d\u00fcnyalar\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Asl\u0131nda \u015fi\u015fman kad\u0131n fig\u00fcrleri de semboller d\u00fcnyalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131yor. Bilhassa da leopar ile birlikte tasvir edilen.<\/p>\n – Anadolu Medeniyetleri M\u00fczesi\u2019nde sergilenen \u00f6nemli bir \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck buluntusu, \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck yerle\u015fme plan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir harita. Arkada lav p\u00fcsk\u00fcren Hasanda\u011f\u0131, \u00f6nde evler g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Kaz\u0131lar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lar, bu planla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor mu? Bu duvar resmini neden yapm\u0131\u015f olabilirler?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – Bu soruyu asl\u0131nda Ian\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131tlamas\u0131 gerekir. Ancak genel olarak bunun \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn birbirine biti\u015fik evlerinin bir ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 plan\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve arkas\u0131ndaki teman\u0131n da, lav p\u00fcsk\u00fcrten Hasanda\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir. Hatta d\u00fcnyadaki ilk manzara resmi ya da harita oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyenler de vard\u0131r. \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019teki en spek\u00fclatif buluntulardan biridir. Hasanda\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019ten g\u00f6r\u00fcnemeyece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek, arkadaki da\u011f\u0131n \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn yak\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki Karada\u011f ya da Takkeli Da\u011f gibi ba\u015fka bir volkanik da\u011f oldu\u011funu ve hatta o d\u00f6nemde aktif bir volkan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek bunun ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelen mitsel bir resim oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrenler de vard\u0131r. Ian ise arkadaki p\u00fcsk\u00fcren da\u011f olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen bezemenin \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck kentini koruyan bir leopar postu oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn ilk kaz\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan James Mellaart\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, bug\u00fcn de ya\u015fayan kimi kilim motiflerinin kayna\u011f\u0131nda \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fc var?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Konya\u2019da bug\u00fcn bile, Ladik, Karap\u0131nar vb. bir\u00e7ok ayr\u0131 y\u00f6rede kilim ve hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k me\u015fhurdur ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Bu kilim ve hal\u0131lar \u00fczerinde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz kimi soyut motiflerle, el motifleri ve \u015fi\u015fman kad\u0131n fig\u00fcrinleri gibi \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck duvar resimleri ve hatta kil basma kal\u0131plar\u0131 \u00fczerinde g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerimiz aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130ki ayr\u0131 kaz\u0131: Mellaart ve Hodder kaz\u0131lar\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck arkeolojik alan\u0131n\u0131n bulunu\u015fundan ve kaz\u0131 tarih\u00e7esinden k\u0131saca s\u00f6z eder misiniz?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Yerel halk \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fc uzun zamand\u0131r biliyor olsa da, arkeoloji d\u00fcnyas\u0131 yerle\u015fmeden James Mellaart ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n 1950\u2019li y\u0131llardaki y\u00fczey ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131yla haberdar olmu\u015ftur. Mellaart yerle\u015fmeyi 1961-65 aras\u0131nda kazd\u0131 ve 160 yap\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Y\u0131llar sonra, 1993\u2019de \u00f6\u011frencisi Ian Hodder yerle\u015fmeyi 25 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir kaz\u0131 i\u00e7in kazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te uygulanan kaz\u0131 y\u00f6ntemini ve ilk d\u00f6nem kaz\u0131lar\u0131 ile yeni d\u00f6nem kaz\u0131 teknikleri ve bulgular\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 anlatabilir misiniz? \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck kaz\u0131lar\u0131yla h\u00e2l\u00e2 yan\u0131t\u0131 aranan \u00f6nemli sorular neler?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – <\/em><\/strong>Ian Hodder d\u00f6neminde, Mellaart\u2019\u0131n bulgular\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda teyit edilmi\u015ftir. Yeni d\u00f6nem kaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n eskisinden en b\u00fcy\u00fck fark\u0131 ve kayda ve \u00f6vg\u00fcye de\u011fer yan\u0131, geli\u015fmi\u015f kaz\u0131 teknikleri ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir veri ar\u015fividir. Kaz\u0131lan topraklar kuru ve \u0131slak elekten ge\u00e7iriliyor ve bu \u015fekilde \u00f6zellikle \u0131slak eleme metoduyla (flotation) en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlu boncuklardan, bal\u0131k k\u0131l\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131, yumurta kabuklar\u0131 ve ta\u015f alet k\u0131ym\u0131klar\u0131na kadar her t\u00fcr art\u0131k ve alet i\u015fleme kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00fcretim faaliyeti saptanm\u0131\u015f, veri kayb\u0131 \u00f6nlenmi\u015f ve en iyi bi\u00e7imde kaydedilmi\u015f oluyor. B\u00f6ylece bir \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u015fey, belki de her \u015fey olan \u201cev\u201d ve ev i\u00e7indeki ya\u015fam \u00e7ok iyi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. Bu veriler bug\u00fcn kaz\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde de\u011ferlendirilip yorumlansa da, s\u00f6z konusu birikim gelecek ku\u015faklar\u0131n da yeni y\u00f6ntem ve tekniklerine ve de\u011ferlendirmelerine a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oluyor. \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn web sayfas\u0131nda o sene \u00e7\u0131kan t\u00fcm bulgulara ula\u015fabilir, hatta kaz\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini bile okuyabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n Hodder\u2019\u0131n makalesinde ifade etti\u011fi gibi, \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019teki \u00f6zellikle en erken ve orta tabakalardaki toplumsal yap\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda soru i\u015faretleri i\u00e7eriyor. Gene makalede ifade edildi\u011fi gibi, son d\u00f6nem kaz\u0131 bulgular\u0131na g\u00f6re zay\u0131f kan\u0131tlarla da olsa mek\u00e2nsal ve sosyal bir farkl\u0131la\u015fmadan s\u00f6z edilebiliyor. Mellaart\u2019\u0131n \u201ckutsal alan\/tap\u0131nak\u201d (shrine) ve domestik ev ayr\u0131m\u0131 bu yeni d\u00f6nem kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmad\u0131. Onun yerine Hodder, yine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 benzer nitelikli, yani di\u011fer evlerden daha karma\u015f\u0131k ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bezenmi\u015f, daha fazla say\u0131da g\u00f6m\u00fct i\u00e7eren ve \u00fcst \u00fcste 4-5 kez in\u015fa edilmi\u015f baz\u0131 \u00f6zellikli evler i\u00e7in \u201chistory houses\u201d terimini kulland\u0131. S\u00f6z konusu makale de b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda bu terminolojinin neden ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinedir.<\/p>\n Son d\u00f6nem kaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yenilikleri aras\u0131nda, s\u00fct\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fmenin ortalar\u0131na gelen bir d\u00f6nemde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (M\u00d6 7. biny\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131) ve ayr\u0131ca s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131n yerle\u015fmedeki ge\u00e7 bir d\u00f6nemde evcille\u015ftirildi\u011finin (M\u00d6 yak. 6300\/200\u2019ler) ispatlanmas\u0131 da yer al\u0131r. Ancak \u00f6rne\u011fin s\u0131\u011f\u0131r evcille\u015ftirmesinin neden bu kadar ge\u00e7 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 bilinemiyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc daha \u00f6nce s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz gibi, koyun ve ke\u00e7i burada ba\u015ftan beri evcil. Ayr\u0131ca Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu\u2019daki bir\u00e7ok yerle\u015fmede \u00e7ok erken tarihlerden beri s\u0131\u011f\u0131r evcil. \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te bu kadar ge\u00e7 olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni ne olabilir?<\/p>\n Tabii ki \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te en b\u00fcy\u00fck merak konular\u0131ndan birisi, yerle\u015fmedeki en erken tabakalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve niteli\u011fidir. Bu amaca y\u00f6nelik olarak 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda Mellaart d\u00f6neminde kaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir en erken, yani XII. Tabaka evinin yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p temizlenmesi ve tabanda daha derine inilmesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca yerle\u015fmenin ortas\u0131nda yani VI-IV Tabakalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Mellaart\u2019\u0131n ortaya koydu\u011fundan daha fazla evre ayr\u0131m\u0131 ve daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131la\u015fma var gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu anlamda tabakalanma sorunu var. Bu konuda yeni d\u00f6nem kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lan \u00e7ok \u015fey var, ancak h\u00e2l\u00e2 soru i\u015faretleri b\u00fcy\u00fck. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn sonu da b\u00fcy\u00fck soru i\u015faretleriyle doludur. Neden evlerle \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc sistem (tarih evleri sistemi) \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc, neden \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck bu kadar zirvede ve kalabal\u0131k bir metropol niteli\u011finde bir kentken zay\u0131flad\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131? Halk\u0131 nereye\/hangi b\u00f6lge ve yerle\u015fmelere da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131 ya da yeni yerler kurdu? Ba\u015fka halklar \u00fczerinde etkili oldular m\u0131? Bat\u0131 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck neden ve kimler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fckseltildi? Bunlar\u0131n hepsi bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 y\u00f6nlendiren ve ekibi heyecanland\u0131ran soru ve sorunlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n – Jeofizik taramalar, yerle\u015fmelerin tam s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 m\u0131? Saptanan alan\u0131n ne kadar\u0131 kaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Tabii ki bu t\u00fcr \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n hepsi yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve yerle\u015fmenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 saptand\u0131. Ancak bug\u00fcne kadar yaln\u0131zca yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 5\u2019lik bir alan kaz\u0131labildi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck D\u00fcnya K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131\u2019nda<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck Temmuz 2012\u2019de UNESCO D\u00fcnya K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131\u2019na girdi. D\u00fcnya K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131 olmas\u0131, \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan neleri etkileyecek, neleri de\u011fi\u015ftirecek? Kaz\u0131larda bu durumdan etkilenecek mi?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – <\/em><\/strong>UNESCO k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131 listesine girdi\u011fi g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak ziyaret\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131nda belirgin bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlenmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. 2013 istatistiklerine g\u00f6re, 2012\u2019den sonra yerli ve yabanc\u0131 turist say\u0131s\u0131nda nerdeyse y\u00fczde ellilik bir art\u0131\u015f var. Oran\u0131n daha da artmas\u0131 hem bekleniyor hem de hedefleniyor. \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131 Listesine giren 11. yerle\u015fme. Neolitik merkez olarak da tek. D\u00fcnyada yaln\u0131zca UNESCO Listesindeki yerleri gezen, uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f turist gruplar\u0131 var. Bunlar\u0131n da potansiyel ziyaret\u00e7iler oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn UNESCO Listesine girmesi yerel halk ve y\u00f6neticiler aras\u0131nda da ilgi ve heyecan uyand\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7ok say\u0131da yerel ziyaret\u00e7i a\u011f\u0131rlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131k. Her kesim \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019e bir \u015fekilde daha fazla sahip \u00e7\u0131kmaya ve benimsemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Konya Arkeoloji M\u00fczesi, Konya i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir alanda yeniden in\u015fa edilecek ve bu m\u00fczede olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck ve kapsaml\u0131 bir \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck seksiyonuna yer verilecek. M\u00fcze M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Yusuf Benli, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck Alan Y\u00f6netimi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 (Site Management Plan).<\/p>\n Tabii \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn ziyaret\u00e7i kapasitesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu art\u0131\u015fa haz\u0131r hale getirilmesi ve kald\u0131rabilmesi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekiyor. \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 kadar, hatta daha da fazla, korunmas\u0131 ve bu ziyaret\u00e7i yo\u011funlu\u011fundan olumsuz olarak etkilenmemesi daha \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n – Kaz\u0131lar\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaret\u00e7ilerin artmas\u0131 durumu i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klar neler? \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck ziyaret\u00e7ileri kaz\u0131 alan\u0131nda neleri g\u00f6rebilecekler? 9000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve kaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l deneyimleyecekler?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n – Kerpi\u00e7 bir deneysel \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck evi ve taklit eserlerin ve baz\u0131 bilgi verici resim ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ziyaret\u00e7i merkezi zaten var. Bunlara ek olarak, yine \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn yak\u0131n \u00e7evresine bir \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck mahallesinin ufak bir kesiti gibi d\u00f6rt tane kerpi\u00e7ten deneysel \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck evi yap\u0131lacak. Ayr\u0131ca ziyaret\u00e7i ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yollar ve bilgi levhalar\u0131 yenilenecek. Ge\u00e7 tabakalar\u0131n kaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alanlar\u0131 arkeolojik olarak birbirine ba\u011flayacak olan yeni kaz\u0131 alan\u0131 TPC\u2019nin \u00fczeri kapat\u0131lacak ve yine gezilmeye uygun hale getirilecek. Arazideki tan\u0131t\u0131m levhalar\u0131 zaten her sene kaz\u0131lan bulgulara g\u00f6re yenileniyor.<\/p>\n \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te yap\u0131lan ve daha da sistemli bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan \u00f6nemli bir i\u015f daha var. Ziyaret\u00e7ilerin yerle\u015fme te\u015fhiri ve anlat\u0131m\u0131nda be\u011fendikleri ve ele\u015ftirdikleri y\u00f6nlerle ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri al\u0131n\u0131yor ve buna g\u00f6re yenilikler d\u00fczenleniyor. Yerle\u015fmede yap\u0131lacak d\u00f6rt deneysel evin i\u00e7inde, bir \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck evinin ve tabakalar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda sanal bir ortamda dola\u015fmalar\u0131na imk\u00e2n verecek 3d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca Ege \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde, benim de g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00c7e\u015fme Turizm ve Otelcilik Y\u00fcksekokulu, Turizm Rehberli\u011fi \u00f6\u011frencileri ile birlikte, 2013\u2019de g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck Rehberli\u011fi Projesini ba\u015flatt\u0131k. Hem yabanc\u0131 hem de yerli turistlere ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir yerle\u015fme turu yapt\u0131ran \u00f6\u011frencilerimiz, Kaz\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131, ekibi, bek\u00e7ilerimiz ve konuklar\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00e7ok iyi tepkiler ald\u0131lar. 2014\u2019de \u00f6\u011frencilerimiz \u00e7ok daha kalabal\u0131k bir ekiple ve daha \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sistemi ile, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir kaz\u0131 sezonu bu i\u015fi \u00fcstlenecekler.<\/p>\n Bu \u015fekilde gerek yerel halk\u0131n benimsemesi ve katk\u0131lar\u0131, gerekse hem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den hem de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinden gelerek \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n, ziyaret\u00e7ilerin, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerin, \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fc seven ve hatta buray\u0131 bir kutsal ha\u00e7 merkezi gibi g\u00f6ren baz\u0131 gruplar\u0131n ortak \u00e7abalar\u0131 ve ilgileriyle, \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck hem UNESCO\u2019dan sonraki s\u00fcrece, hem de Ian Hodder ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki 25 y\u0131ll\u0131k kaz\u0131 projesinin son etab\u0131na (2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sona eriyor) haz\u0131rlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Alan Y\u00f6netimi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Yusuf Benli\u2019ye g\u00f6re, buras\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu tarihten sonra bir a\u00e7\u0131k hava m\u00fczesi haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclecek. Ian Hodder ise kendisine sorulan \u201c\u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck kaz\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra ne yapacaks\u0131n\u0131z?\u201d sorusunu \u201cEmekli olup \u00e7ocuklara piyano \u00e7almay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretece\u011fim\u201d diye yan\u0131tl\u0131yor. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar \u015fimdilik birer plan olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclse de, kesin olan bir \u015fey var ki, \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan herkes buradan fiziksel olarak ayr\u0131lsa bile hi\u00e7bir zaman zihinsel ve ruhsal olarak burayla ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koparamayacak. \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck ihti\u015fam\u0131 ve s\u0131rlar\u0131yla insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkilemeye ve kendisine \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaya devam edecek.<\/p>\n –\u00a0 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 bende kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buluyor, umar\u0131m okurlar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in de \u00f6yle olur, te\u015fekk\u00fcrler Say\u0131n \u00d6zd\u00f6l.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u201c\u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck yerle\u015fmesi, b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve 8000 ki\u015fiye varabilen n\u00fcfusu ve b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla \u00e7evredeki halklar\u0131 da b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor olmas\u0131yla bir \u2018kent\u2019 gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Ancak kendi kendine yeten ev temelli ekonomisi ve klasik bir kent tan\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak herhangi bir merkezi ya da kamusal yap\u0131ya ve belirgin bir toplumsal hiyerar\u015fiye sahip olmamas\u0131yla \u2018kent\u2019 tan\u0131m\u0131na uymuyor.\u201d Yard. Do\u00e7. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":470,"featured_media":12118,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[154,211,38,32],"tags":[243,1000,1002,1003,909],"class_list":["post-12117","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-117-sayi","category-antropoloji","category-dergi-sayilari","category-evrim","tag-antropoloji","tag-catalhoyuk","tag-ian-hodder","tag-konya","tag-neolitik-cag"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/2-Serap-\u00d6zd\u00f6l-foto-300x200.jpg\")
ile birlikte \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek laboratuvar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/1-002-300x90.jpg\")
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/5-001-4-300x200.jpg\")
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/13-Ay\u0131-bi\u00e7imli-fig\u00fcr-200x300.jpg\")
TP Kaz\u0131 Alan\u0131nda Temmuz
2012\u2019de bulunan, ay\u0131 betimli k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck fig\u00fcr.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/7-17-300x200.jpg\")
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/8-13-200x300.jpg\")
deneysel arkeoloji \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yaparken g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/3-003-300x199.jpg\")
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/9-11-300x199.jpg\")
kafalar\u0131n\u0131n konservasyonunu yap\u0131yor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n