Mark Neocleous \u201cBir g\u00fcvenlik projesi olarak polisin tarihi, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetin kendisinin en radikal \u00f6tekisinden (kom\u00fcnizmden) duydu\u011fu korkunun tarihidir\u201d der. \u00a0Modern polis te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131n 15. ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurursak, Neocleous\u2019a hak vermemek elde de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan iktidar\u0131 elinde bulunduran her toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n, mevcut d\u00fczeni korumak amac\u0131yla bir \u2018g\u00fc\u00e7 ayg\u0131t\u0131\u2019 olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 ve yasa-itaat ili\u015fkilerini kurarken, bir \u201cg\u00fcvenlik\u201d birimi ile korunaca\u011f\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte tam da burada \u2018polisin\u2019 varl\u0131k nedeni tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flar. Polis, kimin polisidir? Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kime hizmet eder\/etmelidir; g\u00fc\u00e7 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasalar\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131 nedir\/ ne olmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n
Dikkat \u00e7ekici olan yukar\u0131da ifade etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sorular, polis te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n ilk varl\u0131k kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde de sorulmu\u015f ve te\u015fkilat\u0131n kurulu\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck tart\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1829 y\u0131l\u0131nda Britanya\u2019da modern polis te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n kurulu\u015f s\u00fcreci b\u00f6yle geli\u015fmi\u015ftir \u00f6rne\u011fin. Britanya parlamentosu g\u00fcvenlik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n toplum taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil de maa\u015fl\u0131, b\u00fcrokratik bir yap\u0131yla belirlenmi\u015f ve iktidara ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fct taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011finde, ilk itirazlar hemen o anda y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Bu yeni kurulacak \u2018g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019 iktidara ba\u011fl\u0131 olacaksa e\u011fer, t\u00fcm halk\u0131n de\u011fil, iktidar\u0131n yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 yani t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n, sermaye sahiplerinin can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini koruyacakt\u0131r. Dahas\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir te\u015fkilat olu\u015ftu\u011funda \u2018polis\u2019 nas\u0131l olacak da egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ve onlar\u0131n siyasal iktidar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, halk\u0131n polisi olacakt\u0131r?<\/p>\n
185 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde sorulan bu sorulara yeterli yan\u0131t veremedi\u011fimiz ne kadar da ortadad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle toplumsal olaylarda sert tutumuna tan\u0131k oldu\u011fumuz polis, her ne kadar kendisi \u2018vars\u0131l\u2019 bir s\u0131n\u0131fa mensup olmasa da, siyasal iktidar\u0131n ve hareket edece\u011fi yasalar\u0131n denetiminde, s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen h\u00e2kim s\u0131n\u0131fa\/iktidara hizmet eden bir g\u00fc\u00e7 durumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7en sene yaz aylar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. \u2018Gezi Olaylar\u0131\u2019 ya da \u2018Haziran Ayaklanmas\u0131\u2019 olarak topraklar\u0131m\u0131zda boy veren ve polisin de Ba\u015fbakan Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n tabiriyle \u201cdestan yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d o g\u00fcnlerin y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. Polisi bir kez daha ac\u0131mas\u0131zca o zaman g\u00f6rd\u00fck alanlarda. Ankara\u2019da y\u00fckselen \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k Ethem\u2019indi, Eski\u015fehir\u2019de Ali \u0130smail\u2019in, \u0130stanbul\u2019da Berkin\u2019in, Hatay\u2019da Abdullah\u2019\u0131n\u2026 \u00c7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar t\u00fcm \u00fclkeyi kaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenler, kafa travmas\u0131 ge\u00e7irenler, g\u00f6zlerini kaybedenler\u2026<\/p>\n
Oysa eylemlerin ba\u015flamas\u0131na neden olan,\u00a0 ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 5 m2 <\/sup>d\u00fc\u015fen ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131n\u0131n daha da azalt\u0131lmamas\u0131, \u0130stanbul\u2019un bir beton cehennemime \u00e7evrilmemesi \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karan, 1999 depreminden sonra toplanma alan\u0131 olarak belirlenen alanlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n mevcut iktidar d\u00f6neminde AVM vb. yap\u0131larla doldurulmas\u0131,\u00a0 bu durumun t\u00fcm \u0130stanbul halk\u0131 i\u00e7in bir hak gasp\u0131 oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fiydi. Kendisi de \u015fehrin sakini olan polis ise siyasal iktidara ba\u011fl\u0131 ideolojik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kodlanma halinin d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fcyle, \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne\u201d sava\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 g\u00f6stericilerle. Ku\u015fkusuz bu durum polisin ideolojik, siyasal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u2018bilin\u00e7\u2019 halinin de sorgulanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak bir bi\u00e7imde cereyan etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda bu sorgu ilk olarak Gezi g\u00fcnlerinde de ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Gelin biraz ge\u00e7mi\u015fe do\u011fru yol alal\u0131m.<\/p>\n Ferhat Ger\u00e7ek. 7 y\u0131ld\u0131r belden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131 fel\u00e7li ve bundan sonraki ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 tekerlekli sandalyeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ya\u015famak zorunda kalabilir. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Yenibosna\u2019da yasal bir derginin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yaparken polislerin ifadesiyle \u2018polise ta\u015f att\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131rada da\u011f\u0131l\u0131n emrine uymad\u0131klar\u0131\u2019 gerek\u00e7esiyle s\u0131rt\u0131ndan vuruldu. Olay\u0131n sonras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan davada ise Ferhat\u2019\u0131 vuran polisler 10,5 y\u0131lla, Ferhat ise 15 y\u0131lla yarg\u0131land\u0131. Ferhat hep \u2018kamuya\u2019 yani \u2018d\u00fczene\u2019 zarar verdi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla yarg\u0131land\u0131. Polisler ise \u201cyaralamaya sebebiyet\u201d vermekten. Sonu\u00e7 ise kabul edilecek gibi de\u011fildi. Ferhat 3 y\u0131l 7 ay 10 g\u00fcn hapis cezas\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onu vuran ve olaya kar\u0131\u015fan polisler ise 2\u2019\u015fer y\u0131l 6 ay hapis ile \u2018\u00f6d\u00fcllendirilmi\u015fti\u2019 adeta.<\/p>\n Polis daha k\u00f6t\u00fc bir sonu da Engin \u00c7eber i\u00e7in ya\u015fatt\u0131. Y\u0131l bu kez 2008\u2019dir. Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f<\/em> dergisi satarken polise mukavemet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00c7eber, karakol ve cezaevinde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015fkencelerden sonra beyin kanamas\u0131 ge\u00e7irerek \u00f6ld\u00fc.\u00a0 Hopa\u2019da bir eylemde gaz bombas\u0131 ve tazyikli suyla yap\u0131lan \u2018m\u00fcdahale\u2019 sonras\u0131nda ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi kalp krizi nedeniyle ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitiren Metin Lokumcu \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ise takvimler 2011\u2019i g\u00f6stermekteydi.<\/p>\n \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen ya da sakat b\u0131rak\u0131lan ise sadece g\u00f6stericiler de\u011fildi. 20 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Baran Tursun \u0130zmir\u2019de, 26 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Feyzullah Ete \u0130stanbul\u2019da;\u00a0 ilki \u201cdur ihtar\u0131na uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ikinci vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z ise parkta otururken \u201cpolislerin sorular\u0131na cevap verip, tahrik etti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle\u201d ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tekme darbeleri sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015fti. Festus Okey ise 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra Beyo\u011flu Polis Merkezi\u2019nde vurularak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Yaral\u0131lar\u0131 ise saymaya bile gerek yok. Diyece\u011fimiz polisin sicili \u2018politik\u2019 olan kadar \u2018sivil\u2019 i\u00e7in de kabar\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n Di\u011fer taraftan tekrar vurgulamak gerekir ki polis, egemen olan\u0131n d\u00fczenini koruma g\u00fcd\u00fcs\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, yeti\u015fti\u011fi fikri donan\u0131mla da bakar hayata. Bunun en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 1970\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda polis te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 \u2018sol\u2019 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fclerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Polis Derne\u011fi (POL-DER)\u00a0 ve \u2018\u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-milliyet\u00e7ilerin\u2019 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Polis Birli\u011fi dernekleri olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ile de g\u00f6rebiliriz.\u00a0 \u201cPolis Derne\u011fi\u201d o d\u00f6nemde 17 bine yak\u0131n \u00fcyesi ve 43\u2019e yak\u0131n \u015fube say\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00f6rnek bir demokratik m\u00fccadele verir. <\/strong>Gerek mesleki gerekse de toplumsal sorunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u2018onurlu\u2019 bir tav\u0131r sergiler. 1974\u2019de 1979\u2019a kadar POL-DER\u2019in \u0130stanbul \u015eube ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten Osman Kaymak yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r: \u201cBiz POL-DER\u2019i kurarken; polis r\u00fc\u015fvet yemesin, polis adam d\u00f6vmesin, polis iktidar\u0131n de\u011fil halk\u0131n polisi olsun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k\u201d.<\/p>\n POL-DER ikinci genel kurulunda yay\u0131nlan bildiri de ise \u015fu s\u00f6zler kaleme al\u0131n\u0131r: \u201cPolis halkla organik bir birlik olu\u015fturur. Hizmet etmekte oldu\u011fu toplumdan ayr\u0131 de\u011fil fakat onun bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Polis; anayasal ve demokratik haklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel, \u00f6\u011frencilerle k\u00fcsk\u00fcn, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6sterilere gereksiz m\u00fcdahale eden, yurtta\u015flara k\u00f6t\u00fc davranan bir \u00f6rg\u00fct de\u011fildir. Bu duruma \u00e7evrilmesine hi\u00e7bir zaman hi\u00e7bir \u00e7evrenin g\u00fcc\u00fc yetmeyecektir.\u201d Evet, bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 kaleme alanlar da polistir. Fakat ne hazindir ki ayn\u0131 polisler, destek verdikleri B\u00fclent Ecevit h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Dernekleri hakk\u0131nda kapatma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00f6nemin POL-DER \u0130stanbul \u015eube ba\u015fkan\u0131 Kars\u2019a s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ve 80 darbesi ile birlikte polis art\u0131k \u201cmilliyet\u00e7i-mukaddesat\u00e7\u0131\u201d kimli\u011fi ile halk\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. Gelinen nokta ise bellidir.<\/p>\n Gezi, \u2018g\u00fcvenlik\u2019 te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131n varabilece\u011fi noktay\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ac\u0131 bir g\u00f6sterge olmu\u015ftur sanki. Siyasal iktidar\u0131n denetiminde hareket eden bu yap\u0131, do\u011frudan onun sokaktaki iradesidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. Ve o irade \u00e7o\u011fu zaman, \u201cvur denilen yerde \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesini\u201d de bilmektedir. T\u0131pk\u0131 1960\u2019da G\u00fcney Afrika polisinin \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 69 maden i\u015f\u00e7isi ve yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131 180 ki\u015fi ile yine ayn\u0131 \u00fclkede \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 e\u011fitimi protesto eden 575 ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, 3097 ki\u015finin yaralanmas\u0131 ve 5980 ki\u015finin tutuklanmas\u0131 ile son bulan olay gibi.<\/p>\n Bir \u201cpolis ve g\u00fcvenlik\u201d ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi \u00fczerinden kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 noktalarken 25 y\u0131l boyunca FBI taraf\u0131ndan takip edilen Amerikal\u0131 \u015fair Ray Durem\u2019in kendisini takip eden sivil polise ithaf etti\u011fi \u015fu dizeleri hat\u0131rlamamak olur mu?<\/p>\n \u201cNe yarar\u0131 oldu peki? \/ \u0130\u015fte g\u00fcne\u015f her zaman do\u011fmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor hala, \/ Ve sen s\u00f6yle bana hi\u00e7 g\u00f6rd\u00fcn m\u00fc beni \/ Bir ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131rken, \/ Ya da okul kapat\u0131rken, \/ Ya da Triujillo\u2019ya faizle bor\u00e7 verirken? \/ Hi\u00e7 yakalad\u0131n m\u0131 beni u\u00e7ak biletleriyle oynarken.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Mark Neocleous \u201cBir g\u00fcvenlik projesi olarak polisin tarihi, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetin kendisinin en radikal \u00f6tekisinden (kom\u00fcnizmden) duydu\u011fu korkunun tarihidir\u201d der. \u00a0Modern polis te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131n 15. ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurursak, Neocleous\u2019a hak vermemek elde de\u011fildir. \u00d6te yandan iktidar\u0131 elinde bulunduran her toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n, mevcut d\u00fczeni korumak amac\u0131yla bir \u2018g\u00fc\u00e7 ayg\u0131t\u0131\u2019 olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 ve yasa-itaat ili\u015fkilerini kurarken, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":568,"featured_media":25197,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[164,535],"tags":[2849,1007,1006],"class_list":["post-12135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-127-sayi","category-forum","tag-guvenlik","tag-iktidar","tag-polis"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/568"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12135"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12135\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}