{"id":12294,"date":"2018-04-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-04-15T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=12294"},"modified":"2018-04-16T10:28:16","modified_gmt":"2018-04-16T07:28:16","slug":"buzul-cagindan-kalma-bebek-kalintilari-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/04\/16\/buzul-cagindan-kalma-bebek-kalintilari-2","title":{"rendered":"Buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan kalma bebek kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em>\u2019ta yay\u0131mlanan bir makaleye g\u00f6re, Alaska\u2019daki kaz\u0131 alan\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan, en erken 11.000 y\u0131ll\u0131k iki bebek kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, Kuzey Amerika\u2019da \u015fimdiye kadar bulunmu\u015f en gen\u00e7 insan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131. Alaska Fairbanks \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve makalenin ba\u015fyazar\u0131 olan Ben Potter\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 b\u00f6lgede binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fc g\u00f6mme bi\u00e7imlerinin i\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Kaz\u0131lar, Alaska\u2019daki Tanana Nehri yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan, yukar\u0131 Sunriver b\u00f6lgesinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ulusal Bilim Kurumu\u2019nun finanse etti\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, yerel kabile organizasyonlar\u0131yla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. Potter ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131 bulunan insan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve di\u011fer buluntular\u0131n, erken toplumlar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131klar\u0131 zorluklar, gen\u00e7 \u00fcyelerine olan tutumlar\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc nas\u0131l g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri ve \u00f6l\u00fcmle ilgili rit\u00fcelleriyle ilgili yeni g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p>Yeni ke\u015fif, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki kaz\u0131da bulunan, 3 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki ba\u015fka bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu alanda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Potter, \u00f6l\u00fc yakma ve g\u00f6mme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, erken Kuzey Amerika sakinlerinin \u00f6l\u00fcmle ilgili kompleks davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Yeni kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n karbon tarihleri, daha \u00f6nceki ke\u015ffinkilerle ayn\u0131 (yakla\u015f\u0131k 11.500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesi); ki bu da yakma ve g\u00f6mme aras\u0131ndaki zaman\u0131n k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre (muhtemelen bir sezon) oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. G\u00f6m\u00fclerde, Kuzey Amerika\u2019da kullan\u0131lan sapl\u0131 silahlar\u0131n en eski \u00f6rnekleri olan, soyut \u015fekillerle s\u00fcslenmi\u015f ta\u015f ba\u015flar\u0131 ve boynuz \u015feklinde ok u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor. Makale, bu silahlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fc yakma t\u00f6renlerinde avlanman\u0131n \u00f6nemini g\u00f6sterebilece\u011fini not ediyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki ya\u015flar\u0131 ve cinsiyetlerinin belirlenmesi i\u00e7in di\u015f ve iskelet kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 incelenmi\u015f: Bebeklerin birisinin do\u011fumdan sonra birka\u00e7 hafta ya\u015farken, di\u011ferinin rahimde \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirlenmi\u015f. B\u00f6yle hareket halinde av arayan bir grup i\u00e7erisinde, \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn olmas\u0131, erken Amerikal\u0131larda kaynak ve g\u0131da k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterebilir. Bu t\u00fcr bulgular bilim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok de\u011ferli, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yaz\u0131l\u0131 dili olmayan erken insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n cenaze deneyimleri ve sosyal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleriyle ilgili \u00e7ok az kan\u0131t var.<\/p>\n<p>Avc\u0131l\u0131kta kullan\u0131lan f\u0131rlatma silah u\u00e7lar\u0131, bitki ve hayvan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 gibi bulgular da, erken insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n, son b\u00fcy\u00fck buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki iklimsel de\u011fi\u015fimlerde nas\u0131l hayatta kalabildiklerine dair daha iyi bir resim olu\u015fturabilmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Ayn\u0131 yerle\u015fim yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki iki \u00f6l\u00fc g\u00f6mme olay\u0131 da, alanda daha \u00f6ncesinde tahmin edilenden daha uzun s\u00fcreli yerle\u015fimin oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterebilir. Somon benzeri bal\u0131k ve yer sincaplar\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, alan\u0131n muhtemelen haziran ve a\u011fustos aras\u0131nda avc\u0131 toplay\u0131c\u0131 olan bir grup taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u2019ta yay\u0131mlanan bir makaleye g\u00f6re, Alaska\u2019daki kaz\u0131 alan\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan, en erken 11.000 y\u0131ll\u0131k iki bebek kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, Kuzey Amerika\u2019da \u015fimdiye kadar bulunmu\u015f en gen\u00e7 insan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131. Alaska Fairbanks \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve makalenin ba\u015fyazar\u0131 olan Ben Potter\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 b\u00f6lgede binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fc g\u00f6mme [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":749,"featured_media":12295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[167,211,19],"tags":[243,665,816,1589],"class_list":["post-12294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-130-sayi","category-antropoloji","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-antropoloji","tag-buzul-cagi","tag-fosil","tag-insan-fosili"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/749"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12294"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12294\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12294"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12294"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}