{"id":12391,"date":"2013-11-01T14:50:48","date_gmt":"2013-11-01T12:50:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=12391"},"modified":"2017-07-06T15:51:24","modified_gmt":"2017-07-06T12:51:24","slug":"yarin-ve-dun-nikola-tesla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2013\/11\/01\/yarin-ve-dun-nikola-tesla","title":{"rendered":"Yar\u0131n ve d\u00fcn: Nikola Tesla"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nikola Tesla, Edison gibi para h\u0131rs\u0131na kap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, t\u00fcm birikimini <\/em>bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em>: \u201cPara, insanlar\u0131n kendine bi\u00e7ti\u011fi k\u0131ymet<\/em>i haiz de\u011fildir. Benim b\u00fct\u00fcn param deneylere yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlarla yeni ke\u015fiflerde bulunup insano\u011flunun, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 biraz daha kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yorum.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

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Nerede okudu\u011fumu \u015fu an \u00e7\u0131karam\u0131yorum; ancak SSCB i\u00e7in \u201cyar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcn oldu\u011fu \u00fclke\u201d nitelemesinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a ilgimi \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. Tarihe, hayallerimizden bir demet b\u0131rakan bu devlet hakk\u0131nda dile getirilen s\u00f6zler, bir biliminsan\u0131n\u0131, Nikola Tesla\u2019y\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken yeniden akl\u0131ma geldi. Kimilerine g\u00f6re \u201c\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Prometheus\u201d, kimilerine g\u00f6re \u201cY\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n Efendisi\u201d; ama her durumda \u201cZaman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00d6tesinde Bir Dahi\u201d ve yar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcn oldu\u011fu usta.<\/p>\n

Tesla, 10 Temmuz 1856 (1) H\u0131rvatistan do\u011fumlu; o zamanki s\u0131n\u0131rlar temel al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Avusturya-Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131. Kendisini S\u0131rp olarak tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 veya S\u0131rp as\u0131ll\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 \u015feklinde biyografilerde an\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma konusu yapmayaca\u011f\u0131z. Bizim i\u00e7in o, insanl\u0131\u011fa say\u0131s\u0131z arma\u011fan sunmu\u015f bir biliminsan\u0131. Son derece \u00f6zg\u00fcn bu beynin, \u00fczerinden \u015f\u00fcphelerin eksik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihi ise 7 Ocak 1943.<\/p>\n

Kara deli\u011fi doldurmak<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nas\u0131l Marx\u2019\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na iktisat\u00e7\u0131, sosyolog, filozof, hukuk\u00e7u, vb. s\u0131fatlarla anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak yetersizse, Tesla i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131s\u0131 ge\u00e7erli. Elektrik ve mekanik m\u00fchendisi, fizik\u00e7i, mucit, f\u00fct\u00fcrist… Liste uzat\u0131labilir; ama o, par\u00e7alar\u0131n toplam\u0131ndan daha fazlas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kendi d\u00f6neminde imk\u00e2ns\u0131z gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen, elektri\u011fin evrensel iletimi ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan AC (alternatif ak\u0131m) ind\u00fcksiyon motorunu icat eden, hen\u00fcz amp\u00fcl ke\u015ffedilmemi\u015fken d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 arayan ve bulan ki\u015fi olmas\u0131, herhalde onu tan\u0131mayanlar i\u00e7in dikkat \u00e7ekici bir bilgi olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na Graz Politeknik Okulu\u2019nda fizik ve matematikle ba\u015flayan Tesla, daha sonra Prag \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde felsefe dersleri al\u0131r. Elektrik m\u00fchendisi olarak Macaristan, Fransa ve Almanya\u2019da g\u00f6rev yapar. 1884 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerika\u2019ya do\u011fru yola koyulur; zamanla me\u015fhur rakibi h\u00e2line gelecek olan Edison i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yere yani. Ak\u0131m sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz ba\u015flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 o d\u00f6nemde, Edison DC (do\u011fru ak\u0131m) taraftar\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar, sonras\u0131nda ise Tesla\u2019n\u0131n h\u0131rsl\u0131 patronu ve CEO rol\u00fcnde. Tesla ise, \u00e7ocukluk hayalinin pe\u015findedir; Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusunda, ABD-Kanada s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki Niagara Nehri \u00fczerinde bulunan ve \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck par\u00e7adan olu\u015fan Niagara \u015eelaleri\u2019nden yararlanacak \u015fekilde, AC jenerat\u00f6rlerin tasar\u0131m\u0131na kafa yormaktad\u0131r. George Westinghouse taraf\u0131ndan AC ind\u00fcksiyon motorunun patentinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc modern elektrik end\u00fcstrisinin temelini olu\u015fturan Westinghouse g\u00fc\u00e7 sisteminde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, ku\u015fkusuz tarihi de\u011fi\u015ftiren geli\u015fmelerden biridir. Firma deste\u011fiyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk hidroelektrik santrali burada in\u015fa edildikten sonra 1896\u2019da, \u00fcretilen enerji, \u00f6nce 40 km uzakl\u0131ktaki Buffalo \u015fehrine ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra ise New York\u2019un ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Edison en sonunda pes eder ve alternatif ak\u0131m\u0131 kabullenmek zorunda kal\u0131r, Lord Kelvin de \u00f6yle. (2)<\/p>\n

Prestij<\/em> adl\u0131 filmi izleyenler veya Tesla m\u00fczesini gezenler, onun elektrik \u00fczerinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterileri hat\u0131rlayacakt\u0131r. Bo\u015funa de\u011fil \u201cY\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n Efendisi\u201d denmesi. Y\u00fcksek voltaj elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ve kablosuz ileti\u015fim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla, Columbia Fuar\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatma ihalesini kazanarak \u015fehirdeki on binlerce sokak lambas\u0131n\u0131, geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi y\u00f6ntem sayesinde tek seferde ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131yla, Tesla kim bilir ka\u00e7 ki\u015fiye korku salm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hadi bunlar bir yana; New York\u2019taki laboratuvar\u0131nda kendi yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapay deprem (HAARP teknolojisinin temeli olarak kabul ediliyor.) ile birka\u00e7 kilometre uzakl\u0131kta bile hissedilen sars\u0131nt\u0131lara ne demeli? Nereye baksak o var sanki; faks, radar, r\u00f6ntgen, radyo g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc mermi\/f\u00fcze, hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131… Yaz\u0131 boyunca kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m temel iki kaynaktan biri olan kitab\u0131n (3) giri\u015finde, onun i\u00e7in; \u201cElektrik \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Tan\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f Ger\u00e7ek Peygamberi\u201d deniyor. Edit\u00f6r\u00fcn notu ise \u015f\u00f6yle: \u201cOnsuz radyo, otomatik ate\u015fleme, telefon, alternatif ak\u0131m g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcretimi ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131, televizyon… bunlar\u0131n hepsi imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olabilirdi.\u201d J. R. H. Penner, Tesla\u2019n\u0131n kamusal eri\u015fimden uzak hayat\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, \u201cbilgi uzay\u0131nda bir kara delik\u201d oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor, ki eseri de ciddi bir bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurma hedefiyle yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi Tesla\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na daha yak\u0131ndan bakmay\u0131 deneyelim, devam\u0131nda ise g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131na e\u011filece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ne yana d\u00f6nsek o!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren bilimle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e olan Tesla, 9 dil (4) konu\u015fabilen, son derece g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir haf\u0131zad\u0131r. G\u00f6rsel zek\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n ne denli geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011funa gelince, s\u00f6z\u00fc ona b\u0131rakal\u0131m: \u201cAlternatif ak\u0131m i\u00e7in \u00fcretti\u011fim ilk motor, zihnimde canland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131mla ayn\u0131yd\u0131. Zihnimde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm resimleri \u00fcrettim ve tam bekledi\u011fim gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d (5, s.62)<\/p>\n

Tesla, yenilenebilir, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z enerji \u00fcretebilme hayaliyle ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Elektri\u011fi atmosferde kablosuz olarak iletme \u00e7abas\u0131, y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m deneyleri, fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusundaki sert tavr\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekici. Bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 geriye d\u00f6n\u00fcp onun projelerinin getirebilece\u011fi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin pe\u015findeyiz. \u201c1890 y\u0131l\u0131nda elektri\u011fi kablo kullanmadan ileterek amp\u00fclleri yakmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Dokuz y\u0131l sonra yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka bir deneyde 40 kilometre uzakl\u0131kta bulunan 200 adet amp\u00fcl ve bir elektrik motorunu ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntemle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00fcniversitelerinden MIT\u2019de (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) b\u00fcy\u00fck dehalar olarak kabul edilen bir grup biliminsan\u0131, t\u0131pk\u0131 Tesla gibi elektri\u011fi sadece birka\u00e7 metre \u00f6teye kablosuz aktarmay\u0131 deneyip ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldular. Her ne kadar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz teknolojisi b\u00f6yle bir \u015feyi ba\u015farmak i\u00e7in yeterliymi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, ellerinde Tesla\u2019n\u0131n bunu nas\u0131l yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair en ufak bir bilgi bulunmuyordu. Nikola Tesla, deneylerinin t\u00fcm detaylar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izimlerine d\u00f6kmez, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 mutlaka zihninde korurdu. \u00d6zetle, h\u00e2l\u00e2 kimse bunu nas\u0131l ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyor.\u201d (5, s.64) Bir ba\u015fka g\u00fcn ise yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla \u00fczerinden 3,5 milyon volt elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bilin\u00e7li yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda 10.000 volta maruz kalmas\u0131 onun i\u00e7in s\u0131radan, hatta sonras\u0131nda eline bir ampul al\u0131p ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ek bir \u015fov. (6)<\/p>\n

Uygulamalar\u0131yla hayranl\u0131k uyand\u0131ran Tesla, roboti\u011fin de atas\u0131 olarak kabul edilir. New York\u2019ta bulundu\u011fu s\u0131rada bir oyuncak tekneyi, radyo al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve 1 metrelik anten yard\u0131m\u0131yla uzaktan hareket ettirmi\u015f, kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve y\u00fczd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olmas ile insans\u0131 robot fikirleri kayda de\u011fer. \u015eu s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc o zaman gazetede okuyanlar neler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler acaba: \u201cBu, robot \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00f6rne\u011fidir; insanlar\u0131n yorucu i\u015flerini yapacak mekanik aletler bunlar.\u201d (5, s.65) Ya\u015fasayd\u0131, Mars\u2019a \u201cCuriosity\u201d gibi bir robotu g\u00f6nderme birikimine eri\u015fmi\u015f insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, banka gi\u015felerinde kameralar taraf\u0131ndan izlenerek ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermeye bile f\u0131rsat bulamadan ayn\u0131 i\u015fi g\u00fcnde y\u00fczlerce defa yap\u0131yor olu\u015funa, bir an \u00f6nce robotlara devredilebilecek pek \u00e7ok yorucu i\u015fin h\u00e2l\u00e2 insan g\u00fcc\u00fc ile yap\u0131lmaya devam edi\u015fine \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131 ku\u015fkusuz.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Tesla\u2019n\u0131n Belgrad\u2019daki Tesla M\u00fczesi\u2019nde
sergilenen uzaktan kumandal\u0131 teknesi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Beyinden yay\u0131lan alfa, beta, teta dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffinin sahibi, yine Tesla\u2019d\u0131r. Ses, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve bilginin uzak mesafelere aktar\u0131labilece\u011fi fikri, kendi d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca olsa da, \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fc bize ne kadar da tan\u0131d\u0131k de\u011fil mi: \u201cD\u00fcnya her yere yan\u0131t verebilen dev bir beyne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek.\u201d (5, s.66) Bu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kablosuz ileti\u015fim hedefiyle birle\u015ftirdi\u011fimizde, internet \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za.<\/p>\n

Hint k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcndeki \u201cVeda\u201d \u00f6\u011fretisi uyar\u0131nca zaman\u0131n ve mek\u00e2n\u0131n birlikteli\u011fi \u00fczerine kafa yoran Tesla, sonralar\u0131 Einstein taraf\u0131ndan matematiksel olarak do\u011frulanacak birtak\u0131m \u00f6nc\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda bulunur. \u00d6te yandan, meselenin bir di\u011fer boyutu daha var. 1920\u2019lerde, Einstein\u2019\u0131n teorileri hakk\u0131nda olumsuz g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere sahip olan Tesla, enerjinin maddeye i\u00e7kin olmay\u0131p, uzayda atom par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrer. (7) G\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131na dair ele\u015ftirilerinin de oldu\u011fu ve hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sonradan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131yor. \u201cHer \u015fey hareket ediyor, her \u015fey d\u00f6n\u00fcyor ve her yerde enerji var.\u201d (5, s.63) s\u00f6z\u00fc, Engels\u2019in hareket-madde, Einstein\u2019\u0131n k\u00fctle-enerji ili\u015fkisi \u00fczerine s\u00f6yledikleriyle ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha anlam kazan\u0131yor. Tabii konunun daha kapsaml\u0131, fizik temelli bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ihtiyac\u0131 var. Burada, olas\u0131 bir ciddi bilimsel hata yapmamak ad\u0131na durup Tesla\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 u\u011fra\u015flar\u0131na ge\u00e7elim.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Tesla kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 spiral bobin
\u00f6n\u00fcnde, Boskovich\u2019in Do\u011fa Felsefesi Kuram\u0131\u2019n\u0131 okurken.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Yanl\u0131\u015f bilinen ger\u00e7ekler ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131 dizileri ve kitaplar \u00e7\u0131kar, bilirsiniz. Bir de patentlerle ilgili dosya haz\u0131rlansa herhalde Tesla\u2019n\u0131n foto\u011fraf\u0131 kapakta yer al\u0131r. Elektrik konusunda Edison ile ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 kap\u0131\u015fma ve bug\u00fcn bile hakk\u0131n\u0131n en az\u0131ndan toplum nezdinde verilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir iki \u00f6rnekle konuyu a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Guglielmo Marconi, radyoyu icat etmesi nedeniyle, 1909 Nobel fizik \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen ki\u015fi. Ancak sonradan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki Tesla, bu teknik geli\u015fime y\u00f6nelik hemen t\u00fcm bilginin kayna\u011f\u0131. \u201cPatentlerinin bir\u00e7o\u011funun pe\u015finden ko\u015fmayan, bu konuda hi\u00e7bir h\u0131rs\u0131 bulunmayan\u201d (5, s.65) Tesla, bak\u0131n yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frencisi hakk\u0131nda ne diyor: \u201cMarconi iyi bir dost. 17 adet patentimi kullan\u0131yor. B\u0131rak\u0131n devam etsin.\u201d (5, s.65) Bilindi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla Tesla, 1895 y\u0131l\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk radyo yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 yapmaya haz\u0131rlan\u0131r, 80 kilometrelik bir uzakl\u0131\u011fa eri\u015fecek sistemi \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak durumdad\u0131r; ancak laboratuvar\u0131ndaki bir yang\u0131n sadece bu projesini de\u011fil, daha pek \u00e7o\u011funu ask\u0131ya almas\u0131na neden olur. Ticari hevesleri Edison ile benzerlik g\u00f6steren Marconi ise bu alet sayesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir servete kavu\u015fur; ancak Tesla\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc takiben Marconi\u2019nin patenti iptal edilerek ger\u00e7ek sahibine verilir.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer bir \u00f6rnek ise, 1935 y\u0131l\u0131na ait bir ke\u015fifle ilgili. Radar, Robert A. Watson-Watt\u2019a ait olarak kabul edilse de, 18 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden Tesla bu konuda bir hayli ilerlemi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Hen\u00fcz varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine bilgi sahibi olunmasa da kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 kullanan, Alman U-bootlar\u0131n\u0131n yer tespitini dalgalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yapabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Tesla\u2019n\u0131n projesi ABD taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6rse de, heyet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Edison\u2019dan ge\u00e7er not alamaz. Sonras\u0131, Watson-Watt\u2019\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131na kadar s\u00fcren uzun bir bekleyi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bu k\u0131sma dair son bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan daha s\u00f6z edelim. R\u00f6ntgen cihazlar\u0131 denilince hepimizin akl\u0131na X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 gelecek ve bir k\u0131sm\u0131m\u0131z bu ke\u015ffin Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen\u2019a ait oldu\u011funu ekleyecektir; ama durun bir dakika. X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00fczerine fazlas\u0131yla bilgi sahibi olan Tesla, verebilece\u011fi zararlardan dolay\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kla ilgili projeleri reddetmi\u015ftir. Her ta\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan di\u011fer kahraman\u0131m\u0131z Edison ise inatla bu konuyu ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya koyulur, uyar\u0131lar\u0131 dikkate almaz. Deneklerle ilgili yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 pek \u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6yle yo\u011fun radyasyona maruz kal\u0131r ki sonunda kanser olur. Kendi \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kendisi haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bilimi ve teknolojiyi insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n mutlulu\u011fu ve daha rahat bir ya\u015fama kavu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanma iste\u011fini s\u00fcrekli koruyan Tesla, Amerikan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin planlar\u0131ndan sonsuza dek ka\u00e7amazd\u0131. Onun \u00fcretebileceklerinin fark\u0131nda olanlar, matematik\u00e7i ve bilgisayar bilimci John von Neumann ile beraber, g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezlik \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunmak \u00fczere ikiliyi ikna ettiler. 1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir deney yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylense de, gizlilik sebebiyle bug\u00fcn konu hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla bilgi sahibi de\u011filiz. Yine de \u015furas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ki, Tesla, t\u0131pk\u0131 X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, konunun insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in tehlikeli bir h\u00e2l almaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na kanaat getirerek projeden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

G\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131nda Tesla<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6zg\u00fcn yerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, sosyal ya\u015fam\u0131nda da fazlas\u0131yla ilgin\u00e7 bir karaktere sahiptir Tesla. Geriye d\u00f6n\u00fcp bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, biyografisinde dikkat \u00e7ekici ayr\u0131nt\u0131larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz. 5 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken, abisini kaybetmesinin verdi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc, sonraki y\u0131llarda ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi depresyon, ailevi problemler ve okulla ilgili s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ocukluk ve gen\u00e7li\u011fini hayli zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 terk ederek New York\u2019a vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, gemiden ayr\u0131l\u0131rken cebinde yaln\u0131zca 4 sentle bir ba\u015f\u0131nad\u0131r Tesla. Zorlu bir y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r bu, \u00e7ukur kazarak a\u00e7l\u0131ktan kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Beraber i\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir firma sahibiyle kendisini tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 sonucunda her \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. Art\u0131k projeler i\u00e7in kaynak bulma ve uygulama olana\u011f\u0131na eri\u015fmi\u015ftir. Zaman zaman s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 n\u00fcksetse de, laboratuvar kurabilecek duruma gelir. K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede onlarca patent al\u0131r, bir rekorun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r bu; 800\u2019\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n say\u0131yla, en \u00e7ok patent sahibi ki\u015fi s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 kazanacakt\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nce dile getirdi\u011fimiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, neon \u0131\u015f\u0131klar, mikrodalga f\u0131r\u0131n, elektron mikroskobu diye uzay\u0131p giden bir listenin alt\u0131na imzas\u0131n\u0131 atar. Yine de, anla\u015f\u0131lmay\u0131, takdir edilmeyi, maddi m\u00fck\u00e2fat\u0131 beklemeden hemen bir sonraki i\u015fe koyulur: \u201cB\u0131rak\u0131n gelecek ger\u00e7e\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kars\u0131n ve herkesin de\u011ferini g\u00f6stersin. \u015eimdiki zaman onlara ait; \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m gelecek ise tamamen benim.\u201d (5, s.61)<\/p>\n

Para h\u0131rs\u0131na kap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, t\u00fcm birikimini bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cPara, insanlar\u0131n kendine bi\u00e7ti\u011fi k\u0131ymete haiz de\u011fildir. Benim b\u00fct\u00fcn param deneylere yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlarla yeni ke\u015fiflerde bulunup insano\u011flunun, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 biraz daha kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yorum.\u201d (5, s.69) Kendisine ait bir evi olmadan otellerde ya\u015fayan Tesla, temizlik ve elbise konusunda son derece tak\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 biridir. Kusursuz giyimlidir ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131yafetlerine ele\u015ftirel yakla\u015f\u0131r. S\u0131k s\u0131k ellerini y\u0131kar, beyaz bir eldivenle gezinir, tokala\u015fmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in, bir laboratuvar kazas\u0131nda ellerinden yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrer. \u00c7evredeki e\u015fyalara, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u00e7lar\u0131na dokunmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, kilolu ki\u015filere so\u011fuk davranmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde \u015fi\u015fmanlayan bir sekreterini i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Vejetaryendir, bitkisel yiyeceklerin ve cinsel ya\u015famdan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, zihinsel performas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Uzun boylu, yak\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 bir erkek olmas\u0131na ve kad\u0131nlar aras\u0131ndaki pop\u00fclaritesine ra\u011fmen hi\u00e7bir duygusal ili\u015fki ya\u015famam\u0131\u015f, evlenmemi\u015ftir. Kad\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemi\u015f ve onlar\u0131n gelecekte bask\u0131n durumuna ge\u00e7ebilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Tesla\u2019n\u0131n bir ba\u015fka ilgin\u00e7 y\u00f6n\u00fc ise, m\u00fccevher ve tak\u0131lardan, \u00f6zellikle inciden hi\u00e7 hazzetmemesidir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcnde yaln\u0131zca 2-3 saat uyuyan, \u00e7ok az arkada\u015f edinen bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc beynin en iyi dostu, kendisini s\u0131k s\u0131k laboratuvar\u0131nda ziyaret eden \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar Mark Twain\u2019dir. D\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n kendisini bir \u015fair ve hayalperest olarak tan\u0131tmakta cok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131, bu nedenle \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden ticari bir \u015feyler yay\u0131mlamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler Tesla. Bu \u015fekilde, tasar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilir ve kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlama \u00e7abas\u0131na girdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k. Hayata ge\u00e7iremedi\u011fi projeleri ve fikirlerinin yan\u0131nda, Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed\u2019nin \u201cYapmak en iyi s\u00f6yleme tarz\u0131d\u0131r\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rcas\u0131na, zihninde i\u015fledi\u011fi ve sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi tasar\u0131lar\u0131yla gerekli yan\u0131t\u0131 vermi\u015ftir asl\u0131nda. \u00d6te yandan mistik yanlar\u0131 bulundu\u011fu da \u015f\u00fcphe g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez. Hermann Hesse gibi Hint felsefesinden fazlas\u0131yla yararlanm\u0131\u015f, bu ama\u00e7la Sanskrit\u00e7e \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir. Kendi zihninin i\u015fleyi\u015fi hakk\u0131nda yazd\u0131klar\u0131, son y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki garip davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile ses ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015f g\u00f6steren a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 duyarl\u0131l\u0131k, hal\u00fcsinasyonlar, geceleri yakas\u0131n\u0131 kurtaramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcrpertiler… Mistik Alman \u015fair George Sylvester Viereck ile kurdu\u011fu dostluk da an\u0131lmaya de\u011fer. Ev ziyaretleri, sohbetler ve Viereck\u2019e adad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fiir (8) aralar\u0131ndaki yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Tesla, ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 sayan, \u00fc\u00e7e b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilir say\u0131lar\u0131 tercih eden biri. Son on y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi New Yorker Oteli\u2019nde odas\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kat 33, kap\u0131 numaras\u0131 3327\u2019dir. Son y\u0131llar\u0131nda r\u00f6portaj vermesi veya kalabal\u0131k \u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi i\u00e7in sadece do\u011fum g\u00fcnlerini beklemeye ba\u015flar. (9) G\u00fcvercin sevdal\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r Tesla, onlar\u0131 besler, yaral\u0131 olanlar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirir. Onu s\u0131k\u0131 takibe alan FBI, ya\u015fam\u0131 son buldu\u011funda, b\u00fct\u00fcn notlar\u0131na, makalelerine, belgelere el koyar. Hayata ge\u00e7iremedi\u011fi projeleri, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcleri ve fikirlerinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki enerji, uzay, robotik gibi alanlarda kaynak olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair genel bir kabul vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Beyaz eldivenleriyle, bir g\u00fcvercin sadeli\u011finde u\u00e7tu bu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fczerinden Tesla; ama kanat sesleri bug\u00fcn bile duyulmaya devam ediyor, ki gelecekte de bizleri yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Not<\/strong>: Yaz\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda sunduklar\u0131 kaynak deste\u011finden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, H\u0131d\u0131r Maral ve Mehmet Ali \u00d6zt\u00fcrk\u2019e te\u015fekk\u00fcrlerimle…<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

D\u0130PNOTLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re do\u011fum tarihi 9 Temmuz 1856\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2) Sonradan Tesla\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131na, Niagara \u015eelaleleri\u2019nde, bug\u00fcn turistlerin ilgi oda\u011f\u0131nda bulunan bir heykel yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3) T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi olmayan bir Tesla otobiyografisi, \u201cThe Strange Life of Nikola Tesla\u201d. Ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 eseri dijital ortama aktaran ki\u015fi: John Roland Hans Penner.<\/p>\n

4) S\u0131rp\u00e7a, \u00c7ek\u00e7e, Macarca, Almanca, \u0130ngilizce, Frans\u0131zca, \u0130talyanca, Sanskrit\u00e7e, Latince… son iki dil her kaynakta yok, kimisi Sanskrit\u00e7e\u2019yi, kimisi Latince\u2019yi eklememi\u015f.<\/p>\n

5) Tuna Emren, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n Efendisi, Popular Science<\/em>, A\u011fustos 2013.<\/p>\n

6) Belgrad\u2019taki Tesla m\u00fczesini gezen dostlar\u0131m, bu t\u00fcr deneyimleri bizzat ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

7) http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/tesla\/ll\/ll_poevis.html<\/a>, eri\u015fim tarihi: 12.10.2013.<\/p>\n

8) http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/tesla\/ll\/pv_gossip_pop.html<\/a>, eri\u015fim tarihi: 12.10.2013.<\/p>\n

9) Tesla\u2019s Letters, Jeffrey Stanley, direkt\u00f6r: Nick Bowling, s.17. Buradan, do\u011fum tarihinin 9 de\u011fil 10 Temmuz 1856 oldu\u011fu sonucunu \u00e7\u0131karabiliriz.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0130leri ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/tesla\/<\/a><\/p>\n

– http:\/\/www.tesla-museum.org\/meni_en.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

– http:\/\/www.teslasociety.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

– In Search of Nikola Tesla<\/em>, David F. Peat.<\/p>\n

– Wizard – The Life and Times for Nikola Tesla – Biography of a Genius<\/em>, Marc J. Seifer.<\/p>\n

– My Inventions – The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla<\/em>, Ben Johnston.<\/p>\n

– Tesla – Man Out of Time<\/em>, Margaret Cheney (T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi: Zaman\u0131n \u00d6tesindeki Deha).<\/p>\n

– The Man Who Invented the Twentieth Century: Nikola Tesla<\/em>, Forgotten Genius of Electricity, Robert Lomas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nikola Tesla, Edison gibi para h\u0131rs\u0131na kap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, t\u00fcm birikimini bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cPara, insanlar\u0131n kendine bi\u00e7ti\u011fi k\u0131ymeti haiz de\u011fildir. Benim b\u00fct\u00fcn param deneylere yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlarla yeni ke\u015fiflerde bulunup insano\u011flunun, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 biraz daha kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yorum.\u201d   Nerede okudu\u011fumu \u015fu an \u00e7\u0131karam\u0131yorum; ancak SSCB i\u00e7in \u201cyar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcn oldu\u011fu \u00fclke\u201d nitelemesinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a ilgimi \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. Tarihe, hayallerimizden bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":12392,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[154,38,26],"tags":[1022,1017,1024,384],"class_list":["post-12391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-117-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-fizik","tag-edison","tag-elektrik","tag-nikola","tag-tesla"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t