{"id":12514,"date":"2013-12-01T13:00:54","date_gmt":"2013-12-01T11:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=12514"},"modified":"2018-06-27T20:25:58","modified_gmt":"2018-06-27T17:25:58","slug":"sifrepunk-dijital-cagin-uygarlik-savasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2013\/12\/01\/sifrepunk-dijital-cagin-uygarlik-savasi","title":{"rendered":"\u015eifrepunk: Dijital \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n Uygarl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201c\u00c7o\u011fu zaman \u015fiddetin ne kadar yak\u0131n\u0131m\u0131zda oldu\u011funun fark\u0131na bile varmay\u0131z, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ondan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in tavizler vermi\u015fizdir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Julian Assange<\/p>\n

Dinleme skandal\u0131 g\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyor. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz hafta Alman bas\u0131n\u0131nda NSA\u2019in (Amerikan Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Kurumu) Almanya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Merkel\u2019i uzun s\u00fcredir dinlemi\u015f olabilece\u011fi iddias\u0131 yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sonra \u0130spanya bas\u0131n\u0131ndan halk\u0131n izlendi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde iddialar geldi. Bu haberlerin kayna\u011f\u0131 eski CIA \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 Edward Snowden\u2019\u0131n ge\u00e7en May\u0131s ay\u0131nda bas\u0131na s\u0131zd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 NSA\u2019e ait belgeler. Belgelerde, ilk olarak Amerika\u2019da ya\u015fayan yerli ve yabanc\u0131 halk\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn telefon konu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n, b\u00fct\u00fcn elektronik postalar\u0131n, internet \u00fczerinden payla\u015f\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn foto\u011fraflar\u0131n ve belgelerin NSA taraf\u0131ndan yasal yetkilerin a\u015f\u0131larak izlendi\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kitlesel g\u00f6zetlemeden \u00f6nce ileti\u015fim devrimi vard\u0131. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n olan bitenden haberdar olmas\u0131 ve kendi ad\u0131na s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylemesine alan a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen ileti\u015fim devrimi k\u00fcresel boyutta bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck havas\u0131 estirmi\u015fti. \u0130\u015fte \u015eifrepunk<\/em> konuyu tam da bu noktadan hareketle ele al\u0131yor; meseleyi insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelece\u011fi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerinden tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131yor. Dinleme skandal\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmadan alt\u0131 ay kadar \u00f6nce yay\u0131nlanan kitap kitlesel g\u00f6zetleme, sans\u00fcr, toplu filtreleme gibi konular \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan s\u00f6yle\u015fi kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyor. Sistemi i\u00e7eriden tan\u0131yan d\u00f6rt ki\u015fi bir araya gelmi\u015f, zihin a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 bir tart\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyorlar: \u0130leti\u015fim devrimi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck i\u00e7in bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken kitlesel g\u00f6zetlemeyle, filtrelemeyle, sans\u00fcrle kara bir \u00fctopyaya m\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc? Kitlesel g\u00f6zetlemeden elde edilen veriler neye hizmet ediyor? \u201cMuktedirler i\u00e7in \u015feffafl\u0131k, g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczler i\u00e7in mahremiyet\u201d talebi ne ifade ediyor? \u015eifreyaz\u0131m <\/em>(kriptografi) g\u00f6zetlemeye \u00e7are olabilir mi? (1) Opera binas\u0131ndaki zeki fareler karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inden g\u00f6z k\u0131rp\u0131yor. (2) Tart\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131lan isimler \u015funlar: Wikileaks\u2019in kurucusu ve genel yay\u0131n y\u00f6netmeni Julian Assange; Noisebridge\u2019\u0131n kurucular\u0131ndan, Berlin Kaos Bilgisayar Kul\u00fcb\u00fc \u00fcyesi ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m uzman\u0131 Jacob Appelbaum; Kaos Bilgisayar Kul\u00fcb\u00fc Almanya \u015fubesi \u00fcyesi Andy M\u00fcller-Maguhn; La Quadrature du Net isimli yurtta\u015f haklar\u0131 toplulu\u011funun kurucular\u0131ndan, ayn\u0131 zamanda toplulu\u011fun s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc olan J\u00e9r\u00e9mie Zimmermann.<\/p>\n

Kitapta, ileti\u015fim devrimi ve kitlesel g\u00f6zetleme aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kitlesel g\u00f6zetlemenin bug\u00fcn vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyutlar \u00fczerine konu\u015fuluyor. Julian Assange bug\u00fcn artan ileti\u015fime kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k daha fazla kitlesel g\u00f6zetimle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz fikrinde. \u0130ddiaya g\u00f6re \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi platonik ortam\u0131n fiziksel mek\u00e2na yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilirdi ancak fiziksel mek\u00e2na h\u00e2kim olan g\u00fc\u00e7ler platonik ortama m\u00fcdahale ederek o ortam\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi. G\u00f6zetlemeyi, \u00f6zel ya\u015fam\u0131n gizlili\u011finin ihlali ve toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimin \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel olarak g\u00f6ren d\u00f6rtl\u00fcn\u00fcn buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nerisi: Bilgiyi \u015fifrelemek.<\/p>\n

Bu bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131 m\u0131, yoksa ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tehdit mi? Andy M\u00fcller-Maguhn meseleyi iki tarafl\u0131 ele alarak mesafeli bir bak\u0131\u015f sunuyor: \u0130ktidar\u0131n perspektifinden ve halk\u0131n perspektifinden. M\u00fcller-Maguhn\u2019a g\u00f6re ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tehdit alg\u0131s\u0131 ve s\u00f6ylemi bo\u015funa de\u011fil; iktidar\u0131n korktu\u011fu \u015fey, internetin insanlar\u0131n ger\u00e7eklikle kurdu\u011fu ba\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f olmas\u0131, olup bitenlerin tasarrufu eskiden kendi elindeyken, ileti\u015fimin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla birlikte bu bilginin halk\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesi. (3) Peki \u015fifreyaz\u0131m\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc nerede? Assange \u015fifreyaz\u0131m\u0131 \u015fiddetin ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131 tek eylem olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. S\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z \u015fiddete, n\u00fckleer silah \u00f6rne\u011fini veriyor. \u015eifreyaz\u0131m\u0131n \u015fiddetin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki durumunu \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: \u201cG\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fifreyaz\u0131m, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z \u015fiddete kar\u015f\u0131 koyabilir. Kaba kuvvetin dozunu ne kadar art\u0131r\u0131rsan\u0131z art\u0131r\u0131n, bir matematik problemini \u00e7\u00f6zmeye yetmez.\u201d (4) \u015eifrepunk\u00e7\u0131lar \u015fifreyaz\u0131m ve benzeri y\u00f6ntemleri toplumsal ve siyasal de\u011fi\u015fim arac\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlar. Assange bunun devletlerin do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek bir imk\u00e2n oldu\u011funu savunurken eylemin bi\u00e7imine de vurgu yap\u0131yor: \u201c\u015eifreyaz\u0131m \u015fiddet i\u00e7ermeyen do\u011frudan eylemin ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00fcst mertebedir.\u201d (5)<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, dinleme tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrece\u011fi \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde g\u00f6zetlemenin kapsam\u0131 ve ciddiyeti, buna kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131labilecekler \u00fczerine fikir edinmek i\u00e7in yerinde bir kitap \u015eifrepunk. <\/em>Bahsi ge\u00e7en g\u00fcvenlikli y\u00f6ntem bir g\u00fcn toplum genelinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulup uygulan\u0131r m\u0131, yoksa teknoloji erbab\u0131 birka\u00e7 ki\u015finin eylemi olarak m\u0131 kal\u0131r? Ya da en iyi ihtimalle, internet a\u00e7\u0131k, evrensel, kimsenin kimseyi g\u00f6zetlemedi\u011fi bir bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131labilir mi? Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 hen\u00fcz bilmiyoruz. Temel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerle ili\u015fkili olarak internetin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sorunu devletleri epey me\u015fgul edecek gibi duruyor. Olaya bir de iyi taraf\u0131ndan bakal\u0131m: En az\u0131ndan \u015fik\u00e2yet ve taleplerimizi ilgili kurumlara dolays\u0131z iletmenin bir yolunu bulmu\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r\u0131z. Son olarak Hollandal\u0131-\u0130ranl\u0131 film yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Bahram Sadeghi\u2019nin NSA\u2019i aray\u0131p yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 muzipli\u011fi hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m: \u201cMerhaba NSA? Bir e-maili kazara silmi\u015fim de, yeniden bulmama yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir misiniz?\u201d (6)<\/p>\n

Dipnotlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]) Frans\u0131zca’da \u00f6n ek olan \u201ccrypto-\u201d, Antik Yunanca’da \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 (kryptos) kelimesinden gelir. \u201cKapal\u0131\u201d, \u201cgizli\u201d, \u201csakl\u0131\u201d demektir. Kriptolojinin disiplinlerinden biri olan kriptografi Yunanca’da \u201cgizli\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 (kryptos) ve \u201cyazmak\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c9 (grapho) kelimelerinden olu\u015fur. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’ye \u015fifreyaz\u0131m olarak \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

2) Julian Assange’\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir deyim. \u015eilili yazar Roberto Bola\u00f1o’nun Kafkaesk dedektiflik hikayesi El polic\u00eda de las ratas<\/em> (Rat Police)’a g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131yor. Korkun\u00e7 kemirgen cinayetlerini ara\u015ft\u0131ran cesur bir fare dedektifin maceras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3) Julian Assange, Jacob Appelbaum, Andy M\u00fcller-Maguhn, J\u00e9r\u00e9mie Zimmermann, \u015eifrepunk: \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve \u0130nternetin Gelece\u011fi \u00dczerine Bir Tart\u0131\u015fma, <\/em>\u201cArtan \u0130leti\u015fime Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Daha Fazla G\u00f6zetim\u201d, Metis Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2013, s. 28.<\/p>\n

4) A.g.y.<\/em>, s. 15.<\/p>\n

5) A.g.y.<\/em>, s. 15.<\/p>\n

6) The Daily Dot<\/em>‘ta konuyla ilgili yay\u0131nlanan haber: http:\/\/www.dailydot.com\/lol\/calling-nsa-email-deleted-prank\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201c\u00c7o\u011fu zaman \u015fiddetin ne kadar yak\u0131n\u0131m\u0131zda oldu\u011funun fark\u0131na bile varmay\u0131z, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ondan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in tavizler vermi\u015fizdir.\u201d Julian Assange Dinleme skandal\u0131 g\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyor. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz hafta Alman bas\u0131n\u0131nda NSA\u2019in (Amerikan Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Kurumu) Almanya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Merkel\u2019i uzun s\u00fcredir dinlemi\u015f olabilece\u011fi iddias\u0131 yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sonra \u0130spanya bas\u0131n\u0131ndan halk\u0131n izlendi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde iddialar geldi. Bu haberlerin kayna\u011f\u0131 eski CIA \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":486,"featured_media":27298,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[155,453,38,510,511],"tags":[1053,1056,1055,1054],"class_list":["post-12514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-118-sayi","category-bilisim","category-dergi-sayilari","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-assange","tag-nsa","tag-sifrepunk","tag-snowden"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t