Mars y\u00fczeyindeki perklorat bile\u015fi\u011fi, mor\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131yla birlikte Mars y\u00fczeyini bakteriler i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir hale getiriyor olabilir.<\/p>\n
Mars\u2019ta perklorat\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bir bilgi de\u011fil.\u00a0Time<\/em>\u00a0dergisinden Jeffrey Kluger\u2019in belitti\u011fi gibi Viking 1 ve 2 uzayara\u00e7lar\u0131 daha 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mars\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczeyine ini\u015f yapt\u0131klar\u0131nda perklorat\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmi\u015flerdi. O zamandan bu yana di\u011fer uzayara\u00e7lar\u0131 da bu bile\u015fi\u011fin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulad\u0131. 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda Phoenix arac\u0131 Mars y\u00fczeyinden toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131n binde 4 ila 6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n perklorattan olu\u015ftu\u011funu tespit etti.<\/p>\n Klorin ve oksijenden meydana gelen perklorat insanlar i\u00e7in zehirli olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, mikroplar\u0131n genellikle ho\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bile\u015fiktir. Bu nedenle ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar perklorat\u0131n Mars y\u00fczeyindeki olas\u0131 bakteriyel ya\u015fam\u0131 destekleyebilece\u011fi konusunda umutlulard\u0131. Kluger\u2019in haberine g\u00f6re, D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan baz\u0131 bakteriler perklorattan do\u011fal bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak faydalan\u0131yor. Bile\u015fik ayn\u0131 zamanda donmu\u015f suyun erime noktas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek k\u0131z\u0131l gezegende s\u0131v\u0131 formda su bulunma ihtimalini de artt\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Fakat\u00a0Scientic Reports<\/em>\u00a0dergisinde yay\u0131nmlanan son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, mor\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda perklorat\u0131n mikrop dostu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. Mars\u2019\u0131n ince atmosferi gezegenin y\u00fczeyini mor\u00f6tesi radyasyon banyosuna a\u00e7\u0131k hale getiriyor.\u00a0Popular Science<\/em>\u00a0dergisinden Sarah Fecht\u2019in belitti\u011fi gibi, \u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a perklorat gibi klorin bazl\u0131 molek\u00fcller ya\u015fayan h\u00fccrelerde a\u011f\u0131r hasara yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Edinburg \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar perklorat\u0131n olas\u0131 bir Marsl\u0131 bakteriye ne derece zarar verebilece\u011fini g\u00f6rmek istediler. Bu ama\u00e7la, D\u00fcnya\u2019da yayg\u0131n bulunan bir bakteri t\u00fcr\u00fc olan\u00a0Bacillus subtilis<\/em>\u00a0\u00f6rneklerinin bulundu\u011fu t\u00fcpleri Mars y\u00fczeyindekine benzer ko\u015fullara maruz b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oksijen ortam\u0131nda bulunan perklorat bile\u015fi\u011fiyle ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Fecht bakterilerin bu ko\u015fullarda ancak 1 saate kadar hayatta kalabildi\u011fini belirtiyor. Fakat test t\u00fcp\u00fc mor\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131na maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 30 saniye i\u00e7erisinde tamamen sterilize edilmi\u015f duruma geliyor. Buna ek olarak, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar Mars topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer iki yayg\u0131n bile\u015feni olan demiroksit ve hidrojenin radyasyona maruz kalm\u0131\u015f perklorat ile etkile\u015fime girerek topra\u011f\u0131 bakteriler i\u00e7in tehlikeli hale getirdi\u011fini buldular.<\/p>\n Washington State \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden astrobiyolog Dirk Schulze-Makuch konuyla ilgili olarak, \u201cMars y\u00fczerindeki olas\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n hayatta kalabilmek i\u00e7in inan\u0131lmaz zor zamanlardan ge\u00e7mesi gerekti\u011fini zaten biliyorduk; yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bunu deneysel olarak onaylam\u0131\u015f oldu\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n Di\u011fer yandan, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Mars\u2019ta bakteriyel ya\u015fam\u0131n var olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tamamen g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ediyor da de\u011fil. Makalenin yazarlar\u0131ndan Jennifer Wadsworth, \u201cGe\u00e7mi\u015fteki ya\u015fam i\u00e7in bir \u015fey diyemem\u201d diyor. \u201cBununla g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Mars\u2019ta ya\u015fam olabilece\u011fi ihtimali -de- g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmiyor, fakat bulgular ya\u015fam i\u00e7in bakmam\u0131z gereken yerin muhtemelen topra\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda, y\u00fczeydeki az\u0131l\u0131 radyasyon ortam\u0131ndan korunmu\u015f b\u00f6lgeler oldu\u011funu i\u015faret ediyor\u201d diyor. Sample\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda f\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan ExoMars arac\u0131 olas\u0131 bakterileri aramak i\u00e7in Mars topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 fit (~3,7 metre) kazarak bu fikri test edecek.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara ra\u011fmen y\u00fczey mikroplar\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm umutlar t\u00fckenmi\u015f de\u011fil. Kluger\u2019in belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n bakteriler i\u00e7in bir miktar koruma sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ke\u015ffetti. Ve Mars\u2019\u0131n ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, -55o<\/sup>C. Ayr\u0131ca, perklorat y\u00fczeye homojen bir \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. Bu demek oluyor ki y\u00fczeyde ya\u015fam\u0131n bar\u0131nabilece\u011fi adac\u0131klar olabilir.<\/p>\n Di\u011fer bir olas\u0131l\u0131k ise olas\u0131 Marsl\u0131 bakterilerin\u00a0Bacillus subtilis<\/em>\u2019e g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olabilece\u011fi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde her t\u00fcrden ekstrem ko\u015fullara (\u00f6rne\u011fin y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortamlar\u0131, asidik, susuz ortamlar ve hatta kayalar\u0131n i\u00e7i) kar\u015f\u0131 hayatta kalma ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 direngen (extremophile) organizmalar buldular. \u201cYa\u015fam ekstrem ortamlarda hayatta kalabilir\u201d diyor Wadsworth ve ekliyor, \u201cBizim test etti\u011fimiz bakteri modeli a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 direngen tipte de\u011fildi, b\u00f6ylece daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ya\u015fam formlar\u0131n\u0131n hayatta kalman\u0131n bir yolunu bulup bulamayaca\u011f\u0131 sormaya de\u011fmeyecek bir soru de\u011fil.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Mars y\u00fczeyindeki perklorat bile\u015fi\u011fi, mor\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131yla birlikte Mars y\u00fczeyini bakteriler i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir hale getiriyor olabilir. Mars\u2019ta perklorat\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bir bilgi de\u011fil.\u00a0Time\u00a0dergisinden Jeffrey Kluger\u2019in belitti\u011fi gibi Viking 1 ve 2 uzayara\u00e7lar\u0131 daha 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mars\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczeyine ini\u015f yapt\u0131klar\u0131nda perklorat\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmi\u015flerdi. O zamandan bu yana di\u011fer uzayara\u00e7lar\u0131 da bu bile\u015fi\u011fin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulad\u0131. 2009 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":677,"featured_media":12797,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,19,21],"tags":[248,493,1057,392],"class_list":["post-12795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-biyoloji","tag-astronomi","tag-bakteri","tag-mars","tag-uzay"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t