{"id":12885,"date":"2017-03-01T13:39:15","date_gmt":"2017-03-01T10:39:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=12885"},"modified":"2018-02-08T16:16:36","modified_gmt":"2018-02-08T13:16:36","slug":"arsimet-hamamda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2017\/03\/01\/arsimet-hamamda","title":{"rendered":"Ar\u015fimet hamamda!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kral, Kartaca\u2019dan bir alt\u0131n ta\u00e7 sipari\u015fi vermi\u015ftir, fakat gelen tac\u0131n sahte olabilece\u011finden \u015f\u00fcphelenmektedir. Ar\u015fimet\u2019i, analiz yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirir. Ar\u015fimet\u2019in elinde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapabilmek i\u00e7in e\u015fde\u011fer cisimler yoktur. Eritip k\u00fcl\u00e7e haline getirerek tartabilir fakat o zaman da ortada ta\u00e7 kalmaz. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm, akl\u0131na daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmedi\u011fi bir yerde gelir. Hamamda! <\/em><\/p>\n

Dergimizin bu say\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015flayacak yaz\u0131 dizimizde, insanl\u0131k tarihinde \u00f6nemli etkileri olmu\u015f deneylerden ve bu deneyleri yapan biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fclerinden s\u00f6z edece\u011fiz. \u0130lk olarak Ar\u015fimet ile ba\u015flamak istedik. Antik Yunan d\u00f6neminin en \u00f6nemli do\u011fa filozoflar\u0131ndan biri olan Ar\u015fimet, Kepler\u2019den Newton\u2019a pek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli biliminsan\u0131na yol g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyler ise, kimileri taraf\u0131ndan deneysel fizi\u011fin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Gizemli par\u015f\u00f6men\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Takvimler 1906\u2019y\u0131 g\u00f6stermekteydi. Orient Ekspresinden, \u015fapkas\u0131 ve beyaz b\u0131y\u0131klar\u0131 ile ya\u015fl\u0131ca bir adam iner. Sirkeci Tren Gar\u0131\u2019ndan Patrikhaneye do\u011fru giden tramvaya atlar ve yolda piposunu i\u00e7erek bu muhte\u015fem kenti seyreder. Bizans tarihi konusunda yazaca\u011f\u0131 yeni makale i\u00e7in Rum ar\u015fivlerini ve par\u015f\u00f6menleri inceler. \u0130lgisini \u00e7eken birka\u00e7 dini yaz\u0131t\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131p Patrikhaneden ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Danimarka\u2019ya geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 par\u015f\u00f6menlerden birisinde, ba\u015fka bir metnin silinerek \u00fczerine yeni bir metin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131na var\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle aylar\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rarak sayfa sayfa ne yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 not eder tarih profes\u00f6r\u00fc Johan Ludvig Heidberg. Bizans \u0130ncili\u2019nin arkas\u0131na yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yeni bir kitap ke\u015ffetmi\u015ftir: \u201cY\u00fczen Cisimler \u00dczerine\u201d, Sirakuzal\u0131 Ar\u015fimet\u2026<\/p>\n

Sirakuza savunmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sirakuza\u2019da bulutlu bir ak\u015fam ya\u015fanmaktayd\u0131. G\u00fcnler s\u00fcren ku\u015fatman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, \u201cRoma\u2019n\u0131n Medeniyeti\u201d ile tan\u0131\u015facaklard\u0131 Sicilyal\u0131lar. Sokaklarda ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar yank\u0131lan\u0131yordu. Askerler s\u0131rayla evlere giriyor, kentin ileri gelenlerini g\u00f6zetim alt\u0131na al\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada bir adam, yoldan ge\u00e7en lejyonerlerin dikkatini \u00e7ekti. Adam bunca k\u0131yametin ortas\u0131nda hesaplamalar ile u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yordu. Askerler h\u0131zla gelip ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek istediler. Ancak o izin vermedi. \u00d6l\u00fcrken ise ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cN\u014dl\u012b turb\u0101re circul\u014ds me\u014ds!\u201d, yani \u201c\u00c7emberlerimi bozma!\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu merakl\u0131 adam\u0131n ismi, Sirakuzal\u0131 Ar\u015fimet\u2019ti. \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde \u00fcst seviye e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f, Eratosthenes gibi isimler ile arkada\u015f olmu\u015f, sonra da memleketine d\u00f6n\u00fcp burada geometriden m\u00fchendisli\u011fe, matematikten astronomiye pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan ger\u00e7ek bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u2026 \u015eehrinin ve o co\u011frafyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok yerinde ismini duyurmu\u015f olan Ar\u015fimet, \u00f6zellikle g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta kullan\u0131lan pratik aletleri ile \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc. \u201cBile\u015fik kasnak\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir aleti, y\u00fcksek yap\u0131lara su ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Sicilya\u2019ya dev aynalar monte etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen Ar\u015fimet\u2019in yakla\u015fan d\u00fc\u015fman gemilerinin yelkenlerini, ayna arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019ten toplan\u0131p g\u00f6nderilen \u0131\u015f\u0131klar sayesinde yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 rivayet edilir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sirakuza, Roma ile Kartaca aras\u0131nda \u00e7etin sava\u015flar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kentti. Sicilya Kartaca\u2019n\u0131n taraf\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan, bu sava\u015flardan birinde Ar\u015fimet\u2019in adaya, dev aynalar monte etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir. Yakla\u015fan d\u00fc\u015fman gemilerinin yelkenlerini, ayna arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019ten toplan\u0131p g\u00f6nderilen \u0131\u015f\u0131klar sayesinde yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 rivayet edilen Ar\u015fimet, hem b\u00fct\u00fcn Roma ordusunu geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtm\u00fc\u015f, hem de imparatorlu\u011fa korku salm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir gece sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda m\u0131zrak f\u0131rlatan makineleri, Roma donanmalar\u0131n\u0131 etkisiz hale getirmi\u015ftir. Halk, bir do\u011fa filozofunun pratik zek\u00e2s\u0131 sayesinde kurtulmu\u015ftu ve g\u00fcvendeydi.<\/p>\n

\u2018Eureka! Eureka!\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ar\u015fimet\u2019in evine bir g\u00fcn askerler gelir ve kendisini Sicilya Kral\u0131 \u0130kinci Hieron\u2019un \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerler. Ar\u015fimet hemen yola koyulur. Kral, Kartaca\u2019dan bir alt\u0131n ta\u00e7 sipari\u015fi vermi\u015ftir, fakat gelen tac\u0131n sahte olabilece\u011finden \u015f\u00fcphelenmekte, saf alt\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. D\u00f6neminde t\u00fcm \u015fehir taraf\u0131ndan sevilip sayg\u0131 duyulan Ar\u015fimet\u2019i, analiz yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirir. Ar\u015fimet ise bunu nas\u0131l yapabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flar. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapabilmek i\u00e7in elinde e\u015fde\u011fer cisimler yoktur. Eritip k\u00fcl\u00e7e haline getirerek tartabilir fakat o zaman da ortada ta\u00e7 kalmaz. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm, akl\u0131na daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmedi\u011fi bir yerde gelir. Hamamda y\u0131kan\u0131rken su dolu banyo teknesine oturdu\u011funda kendisini daha hafif hissetti\u011finin fark\u0131na var\u0131r. \u00dcstelik v\u00fccudu i\u00e7eri girdik\u00e7e bir miktar su da ta\u015far. Kendini hamamdan att\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak evine do\u011fru ko\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. Avaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar ba\u011f\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u201cEureka! Eureka!\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"
Roma askeri taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Ar\u015fimet\u2019in son s\u00f6zleri \u201cN\u014dl\u012b turb\u0101re circul\u014ds me\u014ds!\u201d, yani \u201c\u00c7emberlerimi bozma!\u201d olmu\u015f.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ar\u015fimet ertesi g\u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 analizin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kral\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir g\u00f6steri ile a\u00e7\u0131klar. \u00d6nce tac\u0131 suya atar ve ta\u015fan suyun hacmini \u00f6l\u00e7er. Ard\u0131ndan ta\u00e7 ile ayn\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131ktaki alt\u0131n\u0131 suya atar ve hacmini \u00f6l\u00e7er. Tac\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 su miktar\u0131 daha fazlad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tac\u0131n i\u00e7inde bir miktar g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f de vard\u0131r. Saf de\u011fildir\u2026<\/p>\n

\u201cSat\u0131yorum. Sat\u0131yorum. Saaat-t\u0131m!\u201d Kad\u0131n, elindeki tokma\u011f\u0131 h\u0131zla masaya vurur. Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda oturan insanlar alk\u0131\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Lacivert \u00fcniformal\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00f6revlisi somurtur. Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nerdi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00e7e yeterli olmam\u0131\u015f, eserleri yaz\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 yere geri getirememi\u015flerdir. G\u00f6revli, Yunan bayra\u011f\u0131 desenli rozetini d\u00fczelterek, yan\u0131ndaki avukatlar ile salonu terk eder. Bu s\u0131rada Baltimore kentindeki Walters Sanat M\u00fczesi, koleksiyonuna yeni bir eser kazanm\u0131\u015f, Ar\u015fimet\u2019in par\u015f\u00f6menlerini ise k\u0131talararas\u0131 bir diyarda yeni maceralar beklemektedir.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Clifford Pickover, Archimedes to Hawking<\/em>.<\/p>\n

– Cemal Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, Bilimin \u00d6nc\u00fcleri<\/em>, 6. bask\u0131, Bilim ve Gelecek Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kral, Kartaca\u2019dan bir alt\u0131n ta\u00e7 sipari\u015fi vermi\u015ftir, fakat gelen tac\u0131n sahte olabilece\u011finden \u015f\u00fcphelenmektedir. Ar\u015fimet\u2019i, analiz yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirir. Ar\u015fimet\u2019in elinde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapabilmek i\u00e7in e\u015fde\u011fer cisimler yoktur. Eritip k\u00fcl\u00e7e haline getirerek tartabilir fakat o zaman da ortada ta\u00e7 kalmaz. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm, akl\u0131na daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmedi\u011fi bir yerde gelir. Hamamda! Dergimizin bu say\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015flayacak yaz\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":873,"featured_media":12888,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[194,26,605],"tags":[1116,482,1117,885],"class_list":["post-12885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-157-sayi","category-fizik","category-unlu-deneyler","tag-arsimet","tag-bilim","tag-kaldirma-kuvveti","tag-roma"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t