{"id":12899,"date":"2017-05-01T14:35:58","date_gmt":"2017-05-01T11:35:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=12899"},"modified":"2018-02-08T16:15:33","modified_gmt":"2018-02-08T13:15:33","slug":"evrenin-hiz-sinirinin-kesfine-dogru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2017\/05\/01\/evrenin-hiz-sinirinin-kesfine-dogru","title":{"rendered":"Evrenin h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffine do\u011fru"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sizleri bir \u00f6nceki say\u0131m\u0131zda kuantum teorisinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na do\u011fru bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131k. \u015eimdi ise o d\u00f6nemden bir y\u00fczy\u0131l kadar geriye gidiyoruz ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n fizi\u011fine \u015fekil veren temel ke\u015fiflerden birini incelemeye ba\u015fl\u0131yoruz: \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131\u2026 Evrenin belki de en b\u00fcy\u00fck gizemidir \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131. Elektromanyetik teorinin sabitleriyle oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, k\u00fctle \u00e7ekimi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n temeline indi\u011finizde, k\u00fctleli par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n enerjilerini hesaplarken\u2026 Yani neredeyse her yerde \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za geliyor. Bu durum, \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n sanki ses h\u0131z\u0131 gibi s\u0131radan ve a\u015f\u0131labilecek bir de\u011fer de\u011fil, fiziksel bir \u00f6zellik oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermekteydi asl\u0131nda. Fakat bizler yine de tatmin olmay\u0131p h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zla par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00f6rd\u00fck ki, bir cisme ne kadar enerji verirsek verelim, ne kadar h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131rsak h\u0131zland\u0131ral\u0131m, \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n %99.999999\u2026\u2019una ula\u015fabiliyor ancak \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131na ula\u015fam\u0131yor. Bu deneysel bulgular, \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n, t\u0131pk\u0131 mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r gibi evrenin bir temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. \u015eimdi ise, evrenimiz i\u00e7in bu kadar \u00f6nemli olan \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffedili\u015f \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcyle bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yk\u00fcm\u00fcz 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130talya\u2019s\u0131nda ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r Kilisenin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin hakim oldu\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da, bilim ve felsefenin yeri ancak Aristo\u2019nun tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar olabilirdi. Fakat hem dini e\u011fitim gelene\u011finden gelip hem de bu duruma kar\u015f\u0131 olan insanlar da vard\u0131. Gen\u00e7 Galileo Galilei, s\u0131k\u0131 bir Kopernik\u00e7i ve sorgulayarak yeni bulgular elde etmeyi savunan biriydi. Galileo\u2019nun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda insanlar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendi g\u00f6zlerinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken, R\u00f6nesans sonras\u0131nda bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler nihayet sorgulan\u0131r olmu\u015f, sonras\u0131nda ise \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n G\u00fcne\u015f, ate\u015f gibi \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131ndan geldi\u011fi kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu ise ortaya yeni bir soru \u00e7\u0131karmaktayd\u0131: E\u011fer \u0131\u015f\u0131k bir yerden yay\u0131l\u0131yorsa, bir h\u0131z\u0131 vard\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 ne kadard\u0131r? Galileo Galilei, bu soruyu bizim bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla kafas\u0131na takan ilk ki\u015fi oldu. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve sesin h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n sabit oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu ve a\u00e7\u0131k alan g\u00f6zlemleri ile ikisini de \u00f6l\u00e7ebilece\u011fine inan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Ev hapsinde tutuldu\u011fu y\u0131llard\u0131. Bir gece, kap\u0131s\u0131nda bekleyen g\u00f6revliyi de ikna ederek d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Asistan\u0131 elinde bir kandil tutmaktayd\u0131. \u0130kisi de Floransa k\u0131rsal\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 tepelere ge\u00e7tiler. Ortalama 1 km uzakl\u0131kta olduklar\u0131ndan emin olduktan sonra \u201cdeneye\u201d ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Buna g\u00f6re Galileo \u201cHey!\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131racak, asistan\u0131ysa bunu duydu\u011fu anda kandilin \u00fczerindeki \u00f6rt\u00fcy\u00fc kald\u0131r\u0131p indirerek \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131p s\u00f6nd\u00fcrecekti. Olabildi\u011fince h\u0131zl\u0131 yapaca\u011f\u0131 bu i\u015flem sayesinde \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 olabildi\u011fince ufak \u201cpaketler\u201d haline getirmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yorlard\u0131. Fakat sesin gitmesi biraz zaman almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u0131\u015f\u0131k, asistan\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fcy\u00fc kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda oradayd\u0131. En ufak bir gecikme bile meydana gelmiyordu. Galileo, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyin sonucunda \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n \u201csonsuz ya da sonsuza yak\u0131n\u201d oldu\u011funa karar vermi\u015fti. G\u00f6zlemciler aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gereken uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 1 km\u2019den \u00e7ok daha fazla oldu\u011funu bilemezdi. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyi o d\u00f6nemde \u0130talya\u2019daki di\u011fer biliminsanlar\u0131yla kurdu\u011fu Deney Akademisi, ya da Ayd\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015flar olarak an\u0131lan derne\u011finde anlatt\u0131. Kendisinden sonra bu deneyi yapan di\u011fer arkada\u015flar\u0131 ise \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ses h\u0131z\u0131na oranla on kat daha h\u0131zl\u0131 olabilece\u011fini \u00f6neriyorlard\u0131. T\u00fcm bunlar ise ne yaz\u0131k ki yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Galileo yan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da, kuyuya ta\u015f\u0131 atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 bir kere. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir h\u0131z\u0131 olabilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, kendisinden sonra gelen biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n akl\u0131n\u0131 kurcalamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Galileo\u2019nun yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 okuyarak b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve ayn\u0131 onun gibi bir g\u00f6zlemsel astronom olmak isteyen Ole R\u00f8mer de, akl\u0131 kar\u0131\u015fanlardan biriydi. Danimarka\u2019da t\u00fcccar bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu oldu\u011fundan ailesinin paras\u0131yla d\u00f6nemin en iyi e\u011fitimlerini almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. D\u00f6nemin burjuvalar\u0131 gibi R\u00f8mer\u2019in ailesi de bilime son derece ilgili, merakl\u0131 ve destek\u00e7iydi. \u015eansl\u0131 bir \u00e7ocuktu yani R\u00f8mer. Paris G\u00f6zlemevi\u2019nde astronomi e\u011fitimi al\u0131rken \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131 \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonsuz h\u0131zda hareket etmedi\u011fini, bir h\u0131z\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu fakat bunu kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinde gerekli uzakl\u0131\u011fa eri\u015filmedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Bir anda akl\u0131na geldi, o bir astronomdu. R\u00f8mer\u2019in deney alan\u0131 D\u00fcnya ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmak zorunda de\u011fildi. \u00d6n\u00fcnde u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z uzay vard\u0131. Peki, uzayda \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7ebilirdi? Yan\u0131t asl\u0131nda g\u00f6zleri \u00f6n\u00fcnde duruyordu; \u00f6rnek ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hocas\u0131, ona adeta alt\u0131n bir tepside bunu sunmu\u015ftu. J\u00fcpiter\u2019in d\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck uydusu olan Galileo uydular\u0131n\u0131 kullanmal\u0131yd\u0131. Peki nas\u0131l?<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nemdeki astronomlar J\u00fcpiter\u2019in uydular\u0131n\u0131n, gezegenleri etraf\u0131ndaki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f periyotlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Fakat \u00f6zellikle Io uydusu, bazen k\u0131sa bazen de uzun s\u00fcrede bir tur d\u00f6n\u00fcyordu. Bunun nedenini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken R\u00f8mer \u015funu fark etti: Io\u2019nun d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcresinin bazen uzay\u0131p bazen k\u0131salmas\u0131n\u0131n aslen Io\u2019nun y\u00f6r\u00fcngesiyle alakas\u0131 yoktu. D\u00fcnya, J\u00fcpiter\u2019den uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bizlere Io\u2019nun J\u00fcpiter\u2019in arkas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirecek \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n teleskoplar\u0131m\u0131za ula\u015fmas\u0131 daha uzun s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Bu gecikme ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 15 dakika kadard\u0131. Kepler Yasalar\u0131 sayesinde y\u00f6r\u00fcngeleri ve gezegenler aras\u0131ndaki mesafeleri hesaplayabilen R\u00f8mer i\u00e7in art\u0131k i\u015f \u00e7ocuk oyunca\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. I\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n 300.000 km\/saniye oldu\u011funu, 6 Temmuz 1676 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalesiyle t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya duyurdu. Fakat \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n sonsuz h\u0131zda oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen d\u00f6nemin bilimsel \u00e7evresi i\u00e7in bu hesaplamalar ancak alay konusu olabilirdi.<\/p>\n

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Ole R\u00f8mer\u2019in kendi \u00e7izdi\u011fi ve makalesine ekledi\u011fi g\u00f6rsel. G\u00f6rselde A G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019i, B J\u00fcpiter\u2019i temsil etmekte. D\u00fcnya K konumundayken, Io D konumunda. D\u00fcnya L konumundayken de Io C konumuna gelmekte. Sonras\u0131nda D\u00fcnya G konumuna gitti\u011finde Io D konumuna, D\u00fcnya F konumundayken Io da C konumuna ge\u00e7mekte. Birinci ko\u015fulda Io 15 dakika kadar daha erken, ikinci durumda daha ge\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmekteydi. R\u00f8mer, bunun nedeninin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n Io\u2019dan D\u00fcnya\u2019ya gelmesinin o kadar uzun s\u00fcrmesinden dolay\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteydi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

R\u00f8mer, 22 A\u011fustos 1676\u2019da, ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 sunmak \u00fczere kendisinin de b\u00fcnyesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Frans\u0131z Kraliyet Bilim Akademisi\u2019ne \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131. O d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en prestijli bilim kurullar\u0131ndan birinin b\u00fcnyesinde olup b\u00f6yle bir a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 onlara dan\u0131\u015fmadan yaparak ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kurumu hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011fratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden asl\u0131nda bu s\u00f6z\u00fcm ona sunum, bir adli sorgudan farks\u0131z ge\u00e7ecekti. R\u00f8mer, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaplar\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Akademik kurul ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve astrofizik\u00e7i olan Giovanni Cassinni, bunun bir sa\u00e7mal\u0131k oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. R\u00f8mer\u2019in hesaplar\u0131 ve g\u00f6zlemleri, kurulun bir ba\u015fka \u00fcyesi Christian Huygens\u2019in akl\u0131na yatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kendisini yeti\u015ftiren hocas\u0131 ve kurul \u00fcyesi Jean Picard ile beraber \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun deste\u011fini alamayan R\u00f8mer\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, Fransa\u2019da ve k\u0131ta Avrupa\u2019s\u0131nda kabul g\u00f6rmedi.<\/p>\n

Fakat bu, R\u00f8mer i\u00e7in \u00f6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn sonu de\u011fildi. Huygens\u2019in kendisine referans olmas\u0131yla, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k Bilimler Akademisi\u2019ne g\u00f6nderdi. Ellerine gelen b\u00f6yle bir f\u0131rsat\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmayan d\u00f6nemin kurul \u00fcyeleri Robert Hooke, Edmond Halley ve Isaac Newton, R\u00f8mer\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyeceklerini ve kendisine her t\u00fcrl\u00fc deste\u011fi sa\u011flayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylediler. E\u011fitim ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kurumun, ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6nemli bir mesele hakk\u0131nda deste\u011fini alamayan R\u00f8mer, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 o d\u00f6nemdeki rakiplerinin ellerine teslim etmi\u015fti bir bak\u0131ma. Halley, Greenwich g\u00f6zlemevinde g\u00f6zlemleri bir kere daha ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi, Newton tekrar tekrar hesaplamalar\u0131 yapt\u0131. Hi\u00e7birinde sorun yoktu. Ole R\u00f8mer ger\u00e7ekten de \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 hesaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n J\u00fcpiter\u2019den D\u00fcnya\u2019ya ula\u015fmas\u0131 12 dakika s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

R\u00f8mer\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra konu hakk\u0131nda ba\u015fka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da yap\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6yle \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6zlemin Fransa\u2019da de\u011fil de Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019ta yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan, yani ellerindeki f\u0131rsat\u0131 kapt\u0131rmalar\u0131ndan olsa gerek Frans\u0131z fizik\u00e7ilerin \u00e7o\u011fu R\u00f8mer\u2019in g\u00f6zlemini takip eden 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u00f6zellikle de \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Yap\u0131lan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc, Frans\u0131z Hippolyte Fizeau\u2019nun \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131 deneyidir. Orta halli bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olan Fizeau\u2019nun ilgisini d\u00f6nemin en son teknolojisi olan foto\u011fraf makineleri \u00e7ekmekteydi. Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n karanl\u0131k odadaki halleri \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken akl\u0131na bir deney d\u00fczene\u011fi fikri geldi.<\/p>\n

I\u015f\u0131k \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan deneylerdeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek par\u00e7a halinden paketler haline getirememek olmu\u015ftu. Lazerlerin ya da Mazerlerin ke\u015ffine daha y\u00fcz y\u0131ldan daha uzun bir s\u00fcre oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in elindeki en \u201cgeli\u015fmi\u015f\u201d cihaz ampul olan Fizeau, karanl\u0131k bir odada, di\u015fli bir yuvarla\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrerek \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rmay\u0131 denedi. E\u011fer zifiri karanl\u0131k bir ortamda di\u015fli bir \u00e7ark yeterince h\u0131zl\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 paketler halinde etrafa g\u00f6nderebilir. Di\u015fli \u00e7arktan \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplay\u0131p 5-6 km \u00f6tedeki bir aynaya \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131p, ard\u0131ndan geri getirirseniz, bunu yaparken de \u00e7ark\u0131 sabit h\u0131zla \u00e7evirip dakika ba\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7 tane \u0131\u015f\u0131k paket\u00e7i\u011finin d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bulabilirseniz, \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 hesaplayabilirsiniz. E\u011fer aynadan geri d\u00f6necek \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flayacak kadar \u00e7ark\u0131n ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flayacak s\u00fcre \u201ct\u201d ise, ayna ile \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki mesafe de \u201cd\u201d ise: o halde \u201c2d\/t\u201d bize \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131sal de\u011ferini verecektir. Fizeau, 1851 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu deney ile \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 2.999.796 km\/saniye bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Fizeau\u2019nun 1851 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyin, kendi eliyle \u00e7izdi\u011fi d\u00fczene\u011fi. M ile g\u00f6sterilen k\u0131s\u0131mda bir ayna var, G ile g\u00f6sterilen k\u0131s\u0131mda g\u00f6zlemci, E ile g\u00f6sterilen k\u0131s\u0131mda da bir \u00e7ark bulunmakta.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Fizeau\u2019nun kurdu\u011fu bu d\u00fczenek zaman i\u00e7inde optik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131 analizlerinin temel deney d\u00fczene\u011fi haline gelmi\u015f, kendisinden sonra gelecek olan t\u00fcm biliminsanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan temel al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fizeau\u2019dan sonra bu deney d\u00fczene\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek yap\u0131lan en son deney Michelson\u2019\u0131n deneyidir. Albert Michelson, Fizeau\u2019nun deney d\u00fczene\u011findeki di\u015fli \u00e7ark yerine sekizgen bir ayna koymu\u015f ve aynan\u0131n s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6nmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u015fli \u00e7arktan \u0131\u015f\u0131k s\u00fcrekli ge\u00e7erken, sekizgen aynada \u0131\u015f\u0131k sadece do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131da gelirse ge\u00e7ece\u011finden \u015fu ana kadarki en hassas analizin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r Michelson\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6ntemi. 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalede \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 299,792 km\/saniye olarak \u00f6l\u00e7m\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu t\u00fcr deneylerin defalarca tekrarlan\u0131p ayn\u0131 sonucu vermesi \u00fczerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131, 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir standart bilimsel birim olarak bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yani Galileo\u2019nun hayaliyle ba\u015flay\u0131p y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l k\u00fcm\u00fclatif bir \u015fekilde farkl\u0131 biliminsanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sayesinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 bu kadar hassas bi\u00e7imde bilebiliyoruz. Bilimsel geli\u015fme, ger\u00e7ekten de Newton\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi bizden \u00f6nce gelen \u201cdevlerin\u201d omuzlar\u0131nda y\u00fckselmekte. Bu sayede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6zg\u00fcvenle \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz: \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131 da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnyadaki her bilimsel bulu\u015f, y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k insan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ortak miras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

– http:\/\/galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu\/lectures\/spedlite.html<\/p>\n

– https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150704043700\/http:\/\/sci-ed.org\/documents\/Lauginie-M.pdf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sizleri bir \u00f6nceki say\u0131m\u0131zda kuantum teorisinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na do\u011fru bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131k. \u015eimdi ise o d\u00f6nemden bir y\u00fczy\u0131l kadar geriye gidiyoruz ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n fizi\u011fine \u015fekil veren temel ke\u015fiflerden birini incelemeye ba\u015fl\u0131yoruz: \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131\u2026 Evrenin belki de en b\u00fcy\u00fck gizemidir \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131. Elektromanyetik teorinin sabitleriyle oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, k\u00fctle \u00e7ekimi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n temeline indi\u011finizde, k\u00fctleli par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n enerjilerini hesaplarken\u2026 Yani […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":512,"featured_media":12907,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[516,26,605],"tags":[288,1085,1119],"class_list":["post-12899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-159-sayi","category-fizik","category-unlu-deneyler","tag-fizik","tag-isik","tag-isik-hizi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12899","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/512"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12899"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12899\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12907"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12899"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12899"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12899"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}