1881\u2019de \u015fimdi Pakistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan Pe\u015faver yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Bakhshali K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde bir \u00e7ift\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan bulunan Bakhshali elyazmas\u0131, a\u011fa\u00e7 kabu\u011fundan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 70 yaprakl\u0131 bir matematik metni. Metin terc\u00fcme edilince bunun \u0130pek Yolu\u2019nda ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fan t\u00fcccarlar i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, cebire yak\u0131n pratik aritmetik hesaplamalar\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir e\u011fitim k\u0131lavuzu oldu\u011fu belirlendi. Sayfalarda bulunan y\u00fczlerce nokta s\u0131f\u0131rlar\u0131 belirtiyor. Metin s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131 bir rakam gibi kullanmaz. Bunun yerine, noktalar\u0131, 1\u2019i 10\u2019dan ya da 100\u2019den ay\u0131rmakta oldu\u011fu gibi bir de\u011ferin yoklu\u011funu belirtmek i\u00e7in \u201cyer tutucu\u201d olarak kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bakhshali metnine ilk kez karbon testi yapan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n oldu\u011fu Oxford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde yay\u0131mlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, yaz\u0131 stili ve matematiksel i\u00e7erik gibi fakt\u00f6rleri baz alarak, uzmanlar \u015fimdiye kadar elyazmas\u0131n\u0131n 8 ile 12. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler. Fakat karbon testinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, elyazmas\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n 224 ile 383 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n
Elyazmas\u0131n\u0131n yeni tarihi, onun Hindistan\u2019da s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n yer tutucu olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 en eski \u00f6rnek oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh\u2019te bir tap\u0131nakta bulunan 9. y\u00fczy\u0131l elyazmas\u0131ndan daha ya\u015fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hindistanl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler yer tutucu kullanmada ilk de\u011filler. Babiller ve Mayalar da bir de\u011ferin yoklu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in semboller kulland\u0131lar. Fakat\u00a0The Guardian<\/em>\u2019dan Hannah Devlin\u2019e g\u00f6re, Brahmagupta\u2019n\u0131n metninde oldu\u011fu gibi, Hindistan, yer tutucular\u0131n bir rakam gibi s\u0131f\u0131r yerine geli\u015ftirildi\u011fi yer. Asl\u0131nda Bakhshali elyazmas\u0131ndaki nokta sembol\u00fc, bizim bug\u00fcn bildi\u011fimiz \u201c0\u201d yerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n S\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n matematiksel bir kavram olarak geli\u015fmesi, b\u00f6lgenin bo\u015fluk ve yoklukla ilgilenen felsefe gelene\u011finin sonucu olabilir. Bu, kavram\u0131n ayn\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip olmayan Avrupa\u2019da anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n neden bu kadar uzun s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de a\u00e7\u0131klar. Matematik ve geometride geli\u015fmi\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, antik Yunan\u2019da s\u0131f\u0131r i\u00e7in bir sembol kullan\u0131lmad\u0131.<\/p>\n S\u0131f\u0131r say\u0131s\u0131, matematik alan\u0131n\u0131, hesaptan, kuantum fizi\u011findeki bo\u015fluk kavram\u0131na, dijital teknolojinin temelini olu\u015fturan ikili say\u0131sal sisteme kadar her \u015feyi do\u011furacak \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n Oxford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde matematik profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan Marcus du Sautoy bug\u00fcn, s\u0131f\u0131r kavram\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya genelinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve dijital d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kilit yap\u0131ta\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funa kesin g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, fakat Bakhshali elyazmas\u0131ndaki yer tutucu nokta sembol\u00fcnden evrilen s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n bir rakam olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131n matematik tarihindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck bulu\u015flardan biri oldu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n Bakhshali elyazmas\u0131 1902\u2019den beri Oxford \u00dcniversitesi Bodleian K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nde bulunuyor. Ekimin 4\u2019\u00fcnden itibaren metin, Hindistan\u2019daki bilimsel, teknolojik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bulu\u015flarla ilgili olan ana serginin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak Londra Bilim M\u00fczesi\u2019nde sergilenecek.<\/p>\n Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2013\u00a0http:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/dating-ancient-indian-text-gives-new-timeline-history-zero-180964896\/<\/p>\n \u2013\u00a0https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2017\/sep\/14\/much-ado-about-nothing-ancient-indian-text-contains-earliest-zero-symbol<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 1881\u2019de \u015fimdi Pakistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan Pe\u015faver yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Bakhshali K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde bir \u00e7ift\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan bulunan Bakhshali elyazmas\u0131, a\u011fa\u00e7 kabu\u011fundan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 70 yaprakl\u0131 bir matematik metni. Metin terc\u00fcme edilince bunun \u0130pek Yolu\u2019nda ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fan t\u00fcccarlar i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, cebire yak\u0131n pratik aritmetik hesaplamalar\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir e\u011fitim k\u0131lavuzu oldu\u011fu belirlendi. Sayfalarda bulunan y\u00fczlerce nokta s\u0131f\u0131rlar\u0131 belirtiyor. Metin s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131 bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":749,"featured_media":12977,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1130,19,25],"tags":[1051,208,1133],"class_list":["post-12976","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-164-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-matematik","tag-hindistan","tag-matematik","tag-sifir"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t