{"id":13052,"date":"2017-07-01T16:27:12","date_gmt":"2017-07-01T13:27:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=13052"},"modified":"2018-02-08T17:14:06","modified_gmt":"2018-02-08T14:14:06","slug":"sozlu-ve-yazili-belgeler-isiginda-cilavuz-koy-enstitusu-hayatini-gelecegi-yaratmaya-adayan-devrimcilerin-hikayesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2017\/07\/01\/sozlu-ve-yazili-belgeler-isiginda-cilavuz-koy-enstitusu-hayatini-gelecegi-yaratmaya-adayan-devrimcilerin-hikayesi","title":{"rendered":"\u201cS\u00f6zl\u00fc ve Yaz\u0131l\u0131 Belgeler I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda C\u0131lavuz K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d Hayat\u0131n\u0131 gelece\u011fi yaratmaya adayan devrimcilerin hik\u00e2yesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Birinci bas\u0131m\u0131 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yeni Ku\u015fak K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcler Derne\u011fi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan\u00a0S\u00f6zl\u00fc ve Yaz\u0131l\u0131 Belgeler I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda C\u0131lavuz K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ikinci bask\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Firdevs G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fo\u011flu\u2019nun itinal\u0131 bir ar\u015fiv ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih y\u00f6ntemine de ba\u015fvurmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya bir kat daha de\u011fer katt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek ba\u015flayal\u0131m. Kitab\u0131 eline alan bir okuyucunun 1940\u2019lar\u0131n Kars\u2019\u0131na, d\u00f6nemin siyasal \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na, k\u00f6y ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ek insan ili\u015fkilerine ve elbette Cumhuriyet Devrimi\u2019nin fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k ve azimle \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f tarihine gitmemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ufkunun C\u0131lavuz\u2019la s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 mutlaka belirtmek gerekir. C\u0131lavuz, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n konusu olmaktan ziyade, ara\u015ft\u0131rma evreni k\u00f6y enstit\u00fcleri olan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6rneklemi gibi i\u015flenmi\u015f. B\u00f6yle oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, okuyucu ayn\u0131 kitab\u0131n i\u00e7inde sadece C\u0131lavuz\u2019u de\u011fil, k\u00f6y enstit\u00fcleri tarihini ve d\u00f6nemin genel siyasi atmosferini de \u00f6\u011frenme f\u0131rsat\u0131 buluyor. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fo\u011flu\u2019nun bu f\u0131rsat\u0131 son derece yal\u0131n bir anlat\u0131mla sundu\u011funu da hemen ekleyelim.<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00fczide \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada at\u0131flar\u0131n dipnot yerine \u201cson not\u201d bi\u00e7iminde d\u00fczenlenmesinin okuyucuya takip g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaratan teknik bir sorun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeliyiz. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, k\u00f6y enstit\u00fclerine y\u00f6nelik soldan gelen ele\u015ftirilere, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozmayacak \u015fekilde yer verilmesi halihaz\u0131rda \u00e7ok zengin olan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 daha da zenginle\u015ftirmenin bir arac\u0131 olabilir miydi, diye bir soru y\u00f6neltmek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Soldan gelen ele\u015ftirilerin g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslenmesinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kuramsal temellerini daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirece\u011fi rahatl\u0131kla ifade edilebilir.<\/p>\n

Kitapta, k\u00f6y enstit\u00fcleri projesinin asl\u0131nda 1937\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan \u201ce\u011fitmen kurslar\u0131\u201d s\u00fcreciyle birlikte ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Buradan ve elbette ba\u015fka bir\u00e7ok \u015feyden daha hareketle, K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri Projesi\u2019nin zaman ve mek\u00e2n et\u00fctleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fczerinde iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, planl\u0131 bir kalk\u0131nma ve modernle\u015fme projesi oldu\u011fu ifade edilebilir. B\u00f6yle bir projenin Cumhuriyet\u2019in \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131flar ittifak\u0131n\u0131 etkilemesi ve ondan etkilenmesi ise elbette ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131. 1940\u2019tan 1954\u2019e kadar k\u00f6y enstit\u00fclerinin tarihi, d\u00f6nemin siyasi tarihinin de bir izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc gibi ya\u015fand\u0131. H. Ali Y\u00fccel ve \u0130. Hakk\u0131 Tongu\u00e7 gibi devrimci fig\u00fcrler ile bir k\u0131sm\u0131 daha sonra Demokrat Parti\u2019yi kuracak olan tutucu klikler aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele birinci taraf\u0131n lehine i\u015fledi\u011finde ayd\u0131nlanman\u0131n, kamuculu\u011fun, politeknik e\u011fitimin ve kad\u0131n-erkek e\u015fitli\u011finin hanesine yaz\u0131lan puanlar, ikinci taraf\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi d\u00f6nemlerde o hanelerden silindi. Bu m\u00fccadelenin k\u00f6y enstit\u00fcleri \u00f6zelindeki izini G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fo\u011flu\u2019nun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 okuyarak s\u00fcrmeniz gayet m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6nemin yerel gazetelerinden\u00a0Kars<\/em>\u00a0Gazetesi\u2019nde 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaleme al\u0131nan bir yaz\u0131da \u201cPlajlara, tiyatro ve sinemalara kavu\u015fmak i\u00e7in haziran\u0131 iple \u00e7eken muallimi biz nidek?\u201d diye sorulurken k\u00f6y enstit\u00fclerinin kurulu\u015f amac\u0131 da en sade bi\u00e7imiyle ifade edilmi\u015f oluyordu: K\u00f6y \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011fretmen yeti\u015ftirip, yeti\u015ftirilen o \u00f6\u011fretmenler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da k\u00f6yleri kalk\u0131nd\u0131rmak ve ayd\u0131nlatmak. Ku\u015fkusuz b\u00f6yle bir amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim program\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretimle i\u00e7-i\u00e7e olacak \u015fekilde planlanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecektir. D\u00f6nemin\u00a0Cumhuriyet<\/em>\u00a0Gazetesi yazarlar\u0131ndan Fuat Arasl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u015fu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ise s\u00f6z konusu planlaman\u0131n ne kadar iyi uygulamaya d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kan\u0131t\u0131 gibi:\u00a0 \u201c\u00d6rs ve k\u00f6r\u00fck ba\u015f\u0131nda eli-y\u00fcz\u00fc simsiyah olmu\u015f bir genci az sonra piyanonun ba\u015f\u0131nda, \u00fcst\u00fc ba\u015f\u0131 beyaz lekeler i\u00e7inde kire\u00e7 s\u00f6nd\u00fcren delikanl\u0131y\u0131 ise okuma salonunda Ulus Gazetesi\u2019ni tetkik ederken g\u00f6receksiniz\u201d. Bu noktada olas\u0131 bir yanl\u0131\u015f anlamaya mahal vermemek ad\u0131na ifade edilmesi gerekir ki, C\u0131lavuz\u2019da \u00fcretim sadece e\u011fitimle ilgili bir uygulama alan\u0131 de\u011fildir. Tam aksine C\u0131lavuz\u2019da -ve di\u011fer k\u00f6y enstit\u00fclerinde de- \u00fcretim k\u00f6y\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen temel bir iktisadi faaliyettir. Kars\u2019\u0131n so\u011fuk ikliminde sebze yeti\u015ftirilmesinden tutun da, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131ktan elde edilen ya\u011f ve peynir \u00fcretimine ve hatta k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 bir hidroelektrik santrali in\u015fas\u0131na kadar bir\u00e7ok alanda \u00fcretim, ba\u015far\u0131yla ve \u00f6\u011frenci-\u00f6\u011fretmen i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor. Dahas\u0131, hizmet \u00fcretiminde de durum farkl\u0131 de\u011fil. C\u0131lavuz\u2019da e\u011fitim g\u00f6ren bir \u00f6\u011frenci temel sa\u011fl\u0131k bilgisini alm\u0131\u015f vaziyette mezun oluyor ki, bu donan\u0131m\u0131n mahrumiyet b\u00f6lgeleri olan k\u00f6ylerde hayat kurtaracak nitelikte oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeye dahi gerek yok.<\/p>\n

Firdevs G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fo\u011flu\u2019nun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 C\u0131lavuz K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ndeki \u00f6\u011frenciler ve \u00f6\u011fretmenler hakk\u0131nda da \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli anekdotlar i\u00e7eriyor. Kitab\u0131n g\u00f6vdesini olu\u015fturan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, C\u0131lavuz mezunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmecilerin tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n yoksul ailelerden geldiklerini, yine kendi anlat\u0131lar\u0131ndan anl\u0131yoruz. \u00d6yle bir yoksulluk ve geri kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k durumu s\u00f6z konusu ki, Ksenophon\u2019un 2300 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki Erzurum tasviri 1940\u2019larda h\u00e2l\u00e2 ge\u00e7erli olabiliyor. O yoksulluk ve imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131klar i\u00e7indeki insanlar i\u00e7in k\u00f6y enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6\u011frenci al\u0131m ilanlar\u0131 m\u00fcthi\u015f bir umut demek oluyor. Okuyabilme, \u00f6\u011fretmen olabilme umuduna belki de en \u00e7ok gereksinim duyanlar ise k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131. Say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok olmasa da, Halise Sar\u0131kaya-Apayd\u0131n ve Perihan Ak\u00e7am gibi kad\u0131nlar C\u0131lavuz K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc sayesinde 14 ya\u015f\u0131nda evlenip anne olmak yerine Cumhuriyet\u2019in m\u00fcnevverleri aras\u0131na girme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 yakal\u0131yorlar. C\u0131lavuz\u2019da, bir de, bu imk\u00e2n\u0131 yakalam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n gericili\u011fe kurban verilmi\u015f bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funun, Mehlika Bozkurt\u2019un, can\u0131na k\u0131yma hik\u00e2yesi var. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fo\u011flu bu dramatik hik\u00e2yeyi, etkileyici bir anlat\u0131mla, tan\u0131klara dayanarak ve bir toplumsal cinsiyet tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7inde okuyucuya sunmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

C\u0131lavuz K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kurucu m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc \u2013ya da o zamanki ad\u0131yla direkt\u00f6r\u00fc- Halit A\u011fano\u011flu\u2019nun hik\u00e2yesi de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada \u00f6nemli bir yer tutuyor. H. Ali Y\u00fccel ve \u0130. Hakk\u0131 Tongu\u00e7 gibi isimlerin, deyim yerindeyse, C\u0131lavuz\u2019daki eli-aya\u011f\u0131 durumundaki A\u011fano\u011flu Cumhuriyet\u2019in idealist \u00f6\u011fretmen tipolojisinin ete-kemi\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f hali gibi. Enstit\u00fc\u2019ye as\u0131lan bir tabelada\u00a0\u201c3200 k\u00f6y\u00fc biz kurtaraca\u011f\u0131z\u201d<\/em>\u00a0yazmas\u0131 (Kars ili ve \u00e7evresindeki k\u00f6yler kastediliyor) da ayn\u0131 tipolojiye yak\u0131\u015fan devrimci bir iddia olarak de\u011ferlendirilmeli. C\u0131lavuz K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc hen\u00fcz e\u011fitmen kursu d\u00f6neminde ad\u0131m ad\u0131m in\u015fa eden A\u011fano\u011flu, gerek \u00f6\u011frenci ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerle gerekse de y\u00f6re halk\u0131yla yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler kurmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yor.\u00a0Kars<\/em>\u00a0Gazetesi\u2019nde yer alan bir yaz\u0131ya g\u00f6re; C\u0131lavuz\u2019a \u00f6\u011frenci g\u00f6nderen yerle\u015fim yerlerinden \u00c7\u0131kr\u0131kl\u0131\u2019da 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda ad\u0131 \u201cHalit\u201d olan yedi \u00e7ocuk bulunuyor. Daha ilginci ise yine \u00c7\u0131kr\u0131kl\u0131\u2019da bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun ad\u0131n\u0131n \u201cDirekt\u00f6r\u201d olmas\u0131. \u0130lmek ilmek i\u015flenen yeni insan yaratma projesinde bedel de \u00f6d\u00fcyor A\u011fano\u011flu. E\u015fini Kars\u2019ta tifodan kaybediyor ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 yat\u0131l\u0131 okula veya akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na g\u00f6ndermek zorunda kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

1946\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye Bat\u0131 Bloku\u2019ndan yana tercihini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, k\u00f6y enstit\u00fcleri de bu tercihten pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015feni al\u0131yor. 1947\u2019de A\u011fano\u011flu\u2019nun C\u0131lavuz\u2019dan s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, \u00fcretimi e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretimin ana bile\u015feni olarak g\u00f6rmeyen, \u00f6\u011frenciyi yarat\u0131c\u0131 kapasitesinden kopartan ve dershanelere kapatan bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n h\u00e2kim k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak yorumlanabilir. Hemen sonras\u0131nda ise karma e\u011fitime y\u00f6nelik gerici sald\u0131r\u0131 CHP y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslen(e)memeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. S\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131mayan anti-kom\u00fcnizm dalgalar\u0131yla birlikte k\u00f6y enstit\u00fcleri \u00f6nce itibars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor ve nihayet 1954\u2019te tabuta son \u00e7ivi \u00e7ak\u0131lmak suretiyle devrimci bir at\u0131l\u0131m sonland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oluyor.<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131z T\u00fcrkolog Fran\u00e7ois Georgeon bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cCumhuriyet ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7mi\u015f hi\u00e7bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunmuyordu; gelece\u011fi ise yaratmak gerekiyordu\u201d der.\u00a0S\u00f6zl\u00fc ve Yaz\u0131l\u0131 Belgeler I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda C\u0131lavuz K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/em>, i\u015fte o gelece\u011fi g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7inde yaratmak i\u00e7in hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 e\u011fitime adayan devrimcilerin hik\u00e2yesi\u2026<\/p>\n

– S\u00f6zl\u00fc ve Yaz\u0131l\u0131 Belgeler I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda C\u0131lavuz K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/em>, Firdevs G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fo\u011flu, \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2017, 600 s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Birinci bas\u0131m\u0131 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yeni Ku\u015fak K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcler Derne\u011fi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan\u00a0S\u00f6zl\u00fc ve Yaz\u0131l\u0131 Belgeler I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda C\u0131lavuz K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u00a0adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ikinci bask\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Firdevs G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fo\u011flu\u2019nun itinal\u0131 bir ar\u015fiv ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih y\u00f6ntemine de ba\u015fvurmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya bir kat daha de\u011fer katt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek ba\u015flayal\u0131m. Kitab\u0131 eline alan bir okuyucunun 1940\u2019lar\u0131n Kars\u2019\u0131na, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":509,"featured_media":13053,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1123,513],"tags":[604,210,1144],"class_list":["post-13052","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-161-sayi","category-kitapcil","tag-cumhuriyet","tag-kitap","tag-koy-enstitusu"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t