G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin yap\u0131s\u0131, olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmakla birlikte \u00fclkemizde b\u00fct\u00fcn boyutlar\u0131yla anla\u015f\u0131lan, incelenen, hatta \u201cilgi duyulan\u201d bir konu olmaktan olduk\u00e7a uzakta ve yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ne yaz\u0131k ki \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u201cBat\u0131l\u0131\u201d bir perspektife hapsolmu\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in\u2019de ise Marksizm\u2019e ve \u00c7in\u2019in y\u00f6netim sistemine ili\u015fkin y\u00fcr\u00fcyen tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi uzun y\u0131llara dayan\u0131yor. H\u00e2l\u00e2 Kom\u00fcnist Parti taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmekte olan bu \u00fclkede ideolojiye ili\u015fkin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen tart\u0131\u015fmalar ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201c\u00fclkenin kaderine\u201d de y\u00f6n verir nitelikte. Bu y\u00fczden san\u0131lan\u0131n aksine \u201cMarksist ekonomi\u201d, \u201cMarksist felsefe\u201d, \u201cSosyalizmin kurulu\u015fu\u201d gibi konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019in fikir d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda en \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan konular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor.<\/p>\n
Yordam Kitap<\/em>\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan \u00dcmit \u015eenesen\u2019in \u00e7evirisiyle yay\u0131mlanan, \u00c7inli akademisyen Wang Hui taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u201c\u00c7in\u2019in Yirminci Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131: Devrim, Geri \u00c7ekilme ve E\u015fitli\u011fe Giden Yol\u201d isimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, \u00c7in\u2019de tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan fikir ak\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki kanatlardan birinin fikirlerini temsil ediyor: Yeni Sol.<\/p>\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada yer alan ba\u015fl\u0131klar, \u00c7in\u2019in devrimden bu yana ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi evreleri anlatmak i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn kesimlerin ortakla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 bir tan\u0131mlama. Ancak kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131n\u0131n da \u201ckategorik\u201d olarak i\u00e7erisinde bulundu\u011fu \u201cyeni sol\u201dun \u201cresmi ideoloji\u201d kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u015fans\u0131 yok. Zira \u00c7in\u2019deki \u201cyeni sol\u201d ak\u0131m\u0131 liberallerden sol-milliyet\u00e7ilere, sosyal demokratlardan \u201cyeni Maoculara\u201d kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazeyi tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylesi bir \u201cyeni sol\u201dun ortakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek nokta ise Mao sonras\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019in, yani Deng Xiaoping\u2019den itibaren ba\u015flayan \u201cd\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lma d\u00f6nemi\u201d ve beraberinde gelen reformlar\u0131n ele\u015ftirisi.<\/p>\n \u00c7in\u2019in d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lma politikas\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan Deng Xiaoping, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00c7in\u2019inde \u201cModern \u00c7in\u2019in mimar\u0131\u201d say\u0131lmakta, tabir-i caizse Mao Zedung\u2019la neredeyse e\u015fde\u011fer konumda tutulmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00fclke ekonomisinin omurgas\u0131 haline getirilen \u201cpazar sosyalizmi\u201d, \u201cbir \u00fclke iki sistem\u201d gibi teorik \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131larla birlikte Deng\u2019in teorisi \u00c7in\u2019deki teorik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7erisinde \u201cMao Zedung D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u2013 Deng Xiaoping Teorisi\u201d \u015feklinde adeta resmiyet kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bug\u00fcn \u00c7in\u2019de y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ideolojik tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n konusu ne olursa olsun, yap\u0131lan her ele\u015ftiri, temelde Deng Xiaoping teorisi ile giri\u015filen bir hesapla\u015fmay\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. Wang\u2019\u0131n bu eseri de bu ba\u011flamda ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n omurgas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan b\u00fct\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131klar, teorik alanda Deng Xiaoping\u2019e -ve hatta yer yer Mao\u2019ya- y\u00f6neltilen ele\u015ftirilerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n B\u00f6yle bir tablonun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hem devleti elinde bulunduran, hem de uzun y\u0131llar boyunca \u201ctitizlikle geli\u015ftirilen\u201d \u201cMao Zedung D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ve Deng Xiaoping Teorisi\u201dne sahip olan \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi, \u00c7in\u2019de devam etmekte olan tart\u0131\u015fmalarda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yitirece\u011fe benzemiyor.<\/p>\n Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca \u00c7in\u2019de ya\u015fanan devrimlere odaklan\u0131lan kitap, Mao sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemi \u201cliberalle\u015fme\u201d olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor ve \u201c\u00c7in ger\u00e7ekten demokratik ve e\u015fitlik\u00e7i olmak i\u00e7in ne yapmal\u0131d\u0131r?\u201d sorusunu soruyor.<\/p>\n 1911 Devrimi\u2019nde modern siyasetin do\u011fu\u015fuyla ba\u015flayan s\u00fcreci ele alan yazar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cY\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc, 1911 Devrimi\u2019yle ba\u015flay\u0131p 1970\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131ndaki K\u00fclt\u00fcr Devrimi\u2019nin sonuna kadar s\u00fcren \u2018uzun devrim\u2019dir\u201d ifadeleri, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Devrimi\u2019nin sonra ermesiyle birlikte ba\u015flayan d\u00f6nemi s\u00f6z konusu \u201c\u00f6z\u201d\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tuttu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n Yine yazar taraf\u0131ndan son d\u00f6nem \u00c7in\u2019i tan\u0131mlan\u0131rken kullan\u0131lan \u201cliberalle\u015fme\u201d ifadesi ise bu durumu destekler nitelikte. Ancak yazar\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc tarif ederken ilk bak\u0131\u015fta \u00c7KP\u2019ye g\u00f6re \u201cdaha solda\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fcnen fikirleri, \u201c\u00c7in\u2019in gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in tek yol olarak sosyal demokrasinin canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d fikriyle \u201cta\u00e7lan\u0131yor\u201d. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu \u201c\u00e7eli\u015fkili\u201d durum, yazar\u0131n kimli\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda biraz daha anlam kazan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Foreign Policy\u2019nin \u201cEn iyi 100\u201d\u00fcnden biri<\/strong><\/p>\n Kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131 1959 do\u011fumlu akademisyen ve ele\u015ftirmen Wang Hui, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f \u00c7in edebiyat\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarihi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir profes\u00f6r. Pekin\u2019deki Tsinghua \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde g\u00f6rev yapmakta olan Hui, Harvard, Edinburgh, Bologna, Stanford, UCLA, Berkeley, Washington \u00fcniversitelerinde de misafir \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi olarak ders vermi\u015f bir isim. Hui ayn\u0131 zamanda 1996-2007 aras\u0131nda Du\u015fu (Okumak) adl\u0131 derginin edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Hui\u2019nin hayat\u0131ndaki en dikkat \u00e7ekici noktalardan birisi ku\u015fkusuz 1989\u2019da Tiananmen Meydan\u0131 protestolar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u201cD\u00fcnya medyas\u0131n\u0131n\u201d Pekin\u2019de oldu\u011fu bir zamanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve \u201cdemokrasi\u201d, \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d ve hatta yer yer \u201cradikal kom\u00fcnist\u201d taleplerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ve \u00c7KP taraf\u0131ndan sert bir bi\u00e7imde bast\u0131r\u0131lan eylemlerin \u201crenkli devrimlerin\u201d erken provalar\u0131ndan biri oldu\u011fu ise art\u0131k bir s\u0131r de\u011fil.<\/p>\n Hui de bu eylemlerin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ceza olarak zorunlu bir \u015fekilde \u201cyeniden e\u011fitim\u201d i\u00e7in yoksul bir i\u00e7 il\u00e7eye g\u00f6nderildi. Hui, sonralar\u0131 \u201cDevlet politikas\u0131nda solcu bir ele\u015ftiri geli\u015ftirmekle\u201d tan\u0131nd\u0131 ve 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u00c7in Yeni Solu\u2019nun \u00f6nde gelen savunucular\u0131ndan biri haline geldi.<\/p>\n Hui\u2019nin devlet politikas\u0131na getirdi\u011fi \u201csolcu\u201d ele\u015ftiriler ise kendisinin\u00a0Foreign Policy<\/em>\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cD\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli 100 ayd\u0131n\u0131\u201d aras\u0131na se\u00e7ilmesiyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Hui taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00c7in\u2019e dair ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak isteyen okuyuculara \u00c7in\u2019deki Yeni Sol\u2019un \u00c7in\u2019deki mevcut sisteme ili\u015fkin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini kavramak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r, ancak \u201c\u00c7in\u2019i anlamak\u201d konusunda tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli olmayacakt\u0131r ve kesinlikle bir \u201cgiri\u015f\u201d kitab\u0131 say\u0131lamaz. Bu sebeplerle eser, verimini devam\u0131nda okunacak benzer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla birlikte art\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00c7in\u2019ini anlamak ise ciddi bir yo\u011funla\u015fmay\u0131 ve pek de a\u015fina olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u201cpazar sosyalizmi\u201d, \u201cbir \u00fclke iki sistem\u201d, \u201cDeng Xiaoping Teorisi\u201d, \u201cMao Zedung D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi\u201d gibi kavramlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaktan ge\u00e7iyor.<\/p>\n \u201cDa\u011f\u0131n\u0131k\u201d ve b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda \u201cmevcut olana kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k\u201d \u00fczerinden tan\u0131mlanan ve ortakla\u015fan \u201cYeni Sol\u201dun yapabilecekleri tart\u0131\u015fma konusu ve s\u00f6z konusu fikirlerin etki alan\u0131 ise akademik d\u00fcnyaya s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. S\u00f6z konusu bu \u201cYeni Sol\u201d teorik alanda ise \u201cBat\u0131 Marksizmi\u201dne h\u0131zl\u0131 bir y\u00f6nelme halinde.<\/p>\n Bir yerlerden tan\u0131d\u0131k geliyor mu?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin yap\u0131s\u0131, olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmakla birlikte \u00fclkemizde b\u00fct\u00fcn boyutlar\u0131yla anla\u015f\u0131lan, incelenen, hatta \u201cilgi duyulan\u201d bir konu olmaktan olduk\u00e7a uzakta ve yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ne yaz\u0131k ki \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u201cBat\u0131l\u0131\u201d bir perspektife hapsolmu\u015f durumda. \u00c7in\u2019de ise Marksizm\u2019e ve \u00c7in\u2019in y\u00f6netim sistemine ili\u015fkin y\u00fcr\u00fcyen tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi uzun y\u0131llara dayan\u0131yor. H\u00e2l\u00e2 Kom\u00fcnist Parti taraf\u0131ndan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":875,"featured_media":13075,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1128,513],"tags":[609,655,210,378],"class_list":["post-13074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-163-sayi","category-kitapcil","tag-cin","tag-devrim","tag-kitap","tag-sosyalizm"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t