{"id":13643,"date":"2017-04-01T11:58:09","date_gmt":"2017-04-01T08:58:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=13643"},"modified":"2018-02-12T12:40:53","modified_gmt":"2018-02-12T09:40:53","slug":"sosyal-siniflar-kulturler-ve-13-yuzyil-anadolu-devrimi-kitabimi-degerlendiren-bir-yazi-uzerine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2017\/04\/01\/sosyal-siniflar-kulturler-ve-13-yuzyil-anadolu-devrimi-kitabimi-degerlendiren-bir-yazi-uzerine","title":{"rendered":"\u201cSosyal S\u0131n\u0131flar, K\u00fclt\u00fcrler ve 13. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Anadolu Devrimi\u201d kitab\u0131m\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren bir yaz\u0131 \u00fczerine"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kitab\u0131 yay\u0131na haz\u0131rlayan, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, en erken okuyan U\u011fur Er\u00f6zkan\u2019\u0131n bir de\u011ferlendirme yaz\u0131s\u0131, Cumhuriyet Kitap<\/em> ekinin 23 Mart Per\u015fembe g\u00fcnl\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nce kitaba verdi\u011fi emek ve ele\u015ftirisi nedeniyle sevgili U\u011fur Er\u00f6zkan\u2019a i\u00e7tenlikle te\u015fekk\u00fcr\u00fc bor\u00e7 say\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

Er\u00f6zkan, kitab\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131ktan sonra diyor ki:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00d6mer Tuncer\u2019in devrim anlat\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u2018farkl\u0131\u2019. Bunun nedeni yaln\u0131zca \u00f6znelere y\u00fckledi\u011fi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc rol de\u011fil. Ayn\u0131 zamanda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 kavramlar da 13. y\u00fczy\u0131la hi\u00e7 uygun olmayan, Avrupa orta\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kan devrimler \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerken kullanageldi\u011fimiz \u2018R\u00f6nesans\u2019, \u2018ayd\u0131nlanma\u2019, \u2018demokrasi\u2019, \u2018burjuva k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019 gibi kavramlar. Tuncer, \u00f6rneklerini baz\u0131 anti-Bat\u0131merkezci (Do\u011fucu da diyebilece\u011fimiz) yakla\u015f\u0131mlarda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00fczere, asl\u0131nda Do\u011fu\u2019nun, Bat\u0131\u2019dan y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce bu kavramlar\u0131n tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumsal de\u011ferlerin benzerlerini kendi me\u015frebince in\u015fa etti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Do\u011fu\u2019da, Bat\u0131\u2019dan \u00e7ok daha e\u015fitlik\u00e7i, ak\u0131lc\u0131, bilimsel de\u011ferlerin kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir d\u00f6nemin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131, hatta Avrupa\u2019da R\u00f6nesans at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Arap\u00e7adan terc\u00fcme eserlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebildi\u011fi bug\u00fcn bilinen bir bilimsel ger\u00e7ektir. Ancak 13. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin ve tasavvuf \u015fairlerinin eserlerinde yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlanma ile ili\u015fkilendirmek biraz zorlama bir yorum olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda merkezi otorite bo\u015flu\u011funun oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde y\u00f6neticisiz kalm\u0131\u015f olan bir kenti y\u00f6neten esnaf te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 burjuvaziyle k\u0131yaslamak da tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Nitekim sosyal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 ekonomik olarak de\u011fil de baz\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kodlarla tan\u0131mlamak eksik ve hatal\u0131 olur.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d6nce s\u00f6ylemeliyim ki Er\u00f6zkan\u2019\u0131n bu s\u00f6zlerine neredeyse b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle kat\u0131l\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki kavram ve birka\u00e7 s\u00f6z<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cDevrim\u201d<\/strong> kavram\u0131n\u0131n benim g\u00f6z\u00fcmde, k\u0131sa bir \u201ciktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irme\u201d s\u00fcreci de\u011fil, y\u00fczy\u0131llar alan \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcreli s\u0131n\u0131fsal politik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haz\u0131rl\u0131k, olgunla\u015fma ve oturtulma s\u00fcrecini anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncemi bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutuyor ve kitab\u0131n kendisine b\u0131rak\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

\u201cDo\u011fucu\u201d<\/strong> kavram\u0131n\u0131n ise anlatmak istedi\u011fim yap\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek isterim. Benim g\u00f6z\u00fcmde d\u00fcnya, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla insanl\u0131k tek bir koca nehirdir. Zaman zaman, ak\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar, zaman zaman da bir ba\u015fka b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6nde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Ger\u00e7ekte b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle birbirini etkileyen geli\u015fimler g\u00f6sterir. En olmad\u0131k minicik bir kabilenin sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131, zaman olur b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumu etkisi alt\u0131na al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bunlardan herhangi birini \u00f6nde tutmak, egemen saymak, o koca nehrin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden yitirmek olur. Bat\u0131 (ya da Do\u011fu) merkezci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel yap\u0131lar, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc, o koca nehri g\u00f6zden yitiren, yaln\u0131zca o d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi \u00fcreten ki\u015finin kendi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutan yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 yap\u0131lard\u0131r. Amac\u0131m, Do\u011fu-merkezci bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyle de\u011fil, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fiminde Bat\u0131-merkezcilerin eksik b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131, belki de g\u00f6rmezden geldi\u011fi bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Er\u00f6zkan\u2019\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, sosyal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n \u201cekonomik de\u011fil, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kodlarla tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00fczerine s\u00f6ylemek istedi\u011fim, \u00f6nemli sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m birka\u00e7 s\u00f6z var. Sosyal s\u0131n\u0131flar, ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi ile olu\u015fma a\u015famas\u0131nda, \u00f6nce k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kodlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olur. Anadolu ahili\u011fi de Sel\u00e7uklu toprak d\u00fczeni s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fmu\u015f bir esnaf hareketidir. Ama unutulmamal\u0131 ki, esnaf, feodal yap\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde olu\u015fmu\u015f, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de olsa, bir sermaye hareketidir! Alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m, bu hareketin, ilk kez Anadolu\u2019da, Halla\u00e7, \u0130bn Sina, Hayyam gibi tekillerden gelen k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc toplumsalla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r! Sosyal S\u0131n\u0131flar, K\u00fclt\u00fcrler ve 13.yy Anadolu Devrimi<\/em> kitab\u0131 da, tarih ve sosyoloji biliminin verilerine dayanarak, bu hareketin sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel kodlar\u0131n\u0131 yakalamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma denemesidir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcne kadar insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n, ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6zden yitirerek, feodal k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn etkisiyle \u201cstatik do\u011fru(!)\u201dlara d\u00fc\u015fmekle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda uygulanm\u0131\u015f olan ve bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00fczerinde durulan Marx\u00e7\u0131 politikalar\u0131n da \u201cak\u0131\u015f\u201d\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmakta ve gelece\u011fi do\u011fru tahmin etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, ak\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde geli\u015fmekte olan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kodlar\u0131 g\u00f6zden yitirmekte oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Uygulaman\u0131n (prati\u011fin) \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze getirdi\u011fi \u201cGezi Direni\u015fi\u201dnin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, \u201cdayan\u0131\u015fma\u201d ve \u201csilahs\u0131z sava\u015f\u0131m\u201d\u0131n gelecek \u201cemek toplumu\u201dnun k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kodlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu olgusunun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u201cD\u00fcn\u201d \u00a0ve \u201cbug\u00fcn\u201d noktalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu do\u011frultuyu izleyerek, gelecek emek toplumu<\/strong>nun, burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n elinde tuttu\u011fu \u201csermaye\u201dnin k\u00e2r \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 \u00e7izgisini a\u015facak politikalar\u0131 olu\u015fturabilece\u011fi ve geli\u015ftirebilece\u011fi kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Amac\u0131m, ancak bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131y\u0131 do\u011fru de\u011ferlendirerek, gelece\u011fin toplumlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n yakalanabilece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mak ve ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6zden yitirmeden gelece\u011fi do\u011fru tahmin etmek, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmeden, gelece\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fck do\u011fru politikalar bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, olu\u015fturman\u0131n ve uygulaman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

13.\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131l Anadolu Devrimi<\/em> kitab\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l ere\u011fi, Ephesoslu Herakleitos\u2019un \u201cdiyalektik ak\u0131\u015f\u201d\u0131n\u0131 2500 y\u0131l sonra art\u0131k kavramak, ona g\u00f6re ya\u015famak, ona g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncemizi b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle \u201cak\u0131\u015f\u201d \u00fczerine oturtmak gerekti\u011fini, g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ya da ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6rnekle anlama \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– S\u0131n\u0131flar, K\u00fclt\u00fcrler ve 13. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Anadolu Devrimi \u2013Osmanl\u0131\u2019da Kar\u015f\u0131devrim S\u00fcreci-<\/em>, \u00d6mer Tuncer, Bilim ve Gelecek Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ocak 2017, 174 s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kitab\u0131 yay\u0131na haz\u0131rlayan, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, en erken okuyan U\u011fur Er\u00f6zkan\u2019\u0131n bir de\u011ferlendirme yaz\u0131s\u0131, Cumhuriyet Kitap ekinin 23 Mart Per\u015fembe g\u00fcnl\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mland\u0131. \u00d6nce kitaba verdi\u011fi emek ve ele\u015ftirisi nedeniyle sevgili U\u011fur Er\u00f6zkan\u2019a i\u00e7tenlikle te\u015fekk\u00fcr\u00fc bor\u00e7 say\u0131yorum. Er\u00f6zkan, kitab\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131ktan sonra diyor ki: \u201c\u00d6mer Tuncer\u2019in devrim anlat\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u2018farkl\u0131\u2019. Bunun nedeni yaln\u0131zca \u00f6znelere y\u00fckledi\u011fi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":474,"featured_media":13644,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[195,513],"tags":[571,1508,1467],"class_list":["post-13643","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-158-sayi","category-kitapcil","tag-anadolu","tag-kitapcil","tag-toplumsal-siniflar"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t