Ba\u011fnazl\u0131kla yan yana d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemeyece\u011finiz isimler vard\u0131r. Reggae m\u00fczi\u011fini Jamaika\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kararak d\u00fcnyaya arma\u011fan eden efsanevi isim Bob Marley de onlardan biri. Marley kendisine uygulanacak ve b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtaracak olan operasyonu, Rastafaryan inanc\u0131 nedeniyle reddederek, 36 gibi olduk\u00e7a erken bir ya\u015fta ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n
Tarihten cerrahi \u00f6yk\u00fcleri derleyen B\u0131\u00e7ak Alt\u0131nda<\/em> kitab\u0131ndan, Marley\u2019in ayak t\u0131rna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ba\u015flayan ve a\u011fr\u0131ya yol a\u00e7arak \u00e7ok erken bir evrede tespit edilen t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, o ayak parma\u011f\u0131 kesilerek engellenebilecek oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. Rastafaryan inanc\u0131nda, v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak, \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra topra\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131na b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak girmek esast\u0131r. Sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da ayn\u0131 nedenle kestirmezler; \u201crasta\u201d olarak pop\u00fclerle\u015fen sa\u00e7 stili, asl\u0131nda bu inanc\u0131n gereklerinden biridir. Marley\u2019in inanc\u0131 ayak parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesine izin vermedi\u011finden \u00f6zel bir diyet ve holistik yakla\u015f\u0131mla kanseri tedavi etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcren bir \u015farlatan\u0131n klini\u011finde tedavi almay\u0131 se\u00e7ti. Ama \u201cdo\u011fall\u0131kla\u201d kanserin bedenini ele ge\u00e7irmesini engelleyemedi.<\/p>\n Marley \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131yla, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn, siyahlar\u0131n haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmesinin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yayd\u0131. Halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kutsall\u0131k atfedilen Marley\u2019in Rastafaryan inanc\u0131, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k ve Musevili\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Antik M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da b\u00fcnyesinde eriterek \u201cdo\u011fal\u201d ya\u015fam\u0131 savunan bir felsefeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Marley \u00f6rne\u011fi, y\u00f6neticilerin elinde, halk\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrmenin ve egemenliklerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmenin bir arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f dinlerden farkl\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor olsa da, ezilenlerin elinde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesiyle birle\u015fse de; her t\u00fcr dinsel inanc\u0131n ak\u0131lla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi\u011finde, eninde sonunda ba\u011fnazl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fine \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir anekdot olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n \u00dcnl\u00fc hastalar, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f cerrahlar ve \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 ameliyatlar<\/strong><\/p>\n Kendisi de bir cerrah olan Arnold van de Laar\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131 B\u0131\u00e7ak Alt\u0131nda<\/em>, Marley\u2019inki gibi, cerrahinin ba\u011flam\u0131na giren bir\u00e7ok \u00f6yk\u00fc bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor. Kitapta, suikast\u0131 sonras\u0131nda kurtar\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan Kennedy\u2019den, gene bir suikastla boynuna giren kur\u015funlarla ya\u015faman\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken Lenin\u2019e; ayak bile\u011fi yerinden \u00e7\u0131kan Pers Kral\u0131 Dairus\u2019tan, dala\u011f\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n devrik \u015fah\u0131 R\u0131za Pehlevi\u2019ye; sekizinci do\u011fumunu narkozla yapan Krali\u00e7e Viktoria\u2019dan, g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcne sokulan bir t\u00f6rp\u00fcyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen \u0130mparatori\u00e7e Sisi\u2019ye; Marie-Antoinette\u2019nin, penis ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ereksiyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve s\u00fcnnet derisinin daralmas\u0131ndan mustarip kocas\u0131 16. Louis\u2019den, duru \u00e7ocuk sesi yeti\u015fkinlikte bozulmas\u0131n diye had\u0131m ettirilen Farinelli\u2019ye; obezite kaynakl\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 olan papalardan, ya\u011flar\u0131ndan kar\u0131n gerdirme ameliyat\u0131yla kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Romal\u0131 y\u00f6neticilerinkine dek, \u00fcnl\u00fc ki\u015filerin hik\u00e2yelerini i\u00e7eren 28 ameliyat t\u00fcr\u00fc anlat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u00d6rneklerden anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, bu cerrahi tarihi katalogunda boy g\u00f6steren ki\u015filerin \u00e7o\u011fu y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131ftan. Bu durum \u00f6yk\u00fclerin ikinci kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131 da belirliyor: Ameliyatlar\u0131 yapanlar, d\u00f6nemlerinin en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f hekimleri ya da cerrahlar\u0131. Yazar kitaba olan ilgiyi artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak hedeflememi\u015fse, bunun, tarihsel kay\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00f6znelerinin as\u0131l olarak y\u00f6netenler olmas\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyip ge\u00e7ebiliriz. Ama durumun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka bir \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 detaydan s\u00f6z edelim: \u00c7o\u011funlukla \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda i\u015f yapt\u0131klar\u0131ndan hastalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sorumluluklar\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r olan cerrahlar, kimi \u201ctarihi\u201d ameliyatlarda, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir sonuca ula\u015f\u0131lmazsa cezaland\u0131r\u0131lacaklar\u0131 (hatta \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclecekleri) tehdidinin bask\u0131s\u0131yla da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin 14. Louis kendisine dan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hen\u00fcz anal fist\u00fcl ameliyat\u0131 deneyimi olmayan cerrah Charles-Fran\u00e7ois Felix de Tassy, kraldan yar\u0131m y\u0131l izin istemi\u015f ve ancak 75 ki\u015fi \u00fczerinde deneme yapt\u0131ktan sonra 14. Louis\u2019i ameliyat etme cesaretini g\u00f6sterebilmi\u015f! Kral\u0131n ameliyat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu biliyoruz, 75 \u201cs\u0131radan\u201d ki\u015finin ak\u0131beti hakk\u0131nda ise ne yaz\u0131k ki bilgi yok!<\/p>\n Cerrah\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu, cerrahinin g\u00f6relili\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n Van de Laar, cerrahlar\u0131n ameliyat karar\u0131 al\u0131rken, ameliyat s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda y\u00fcklendikleri sorumluluklar\u0131, dikkate ald\u0131klar\u0131 noktalar\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7mazlar\u0131 da kitab\u0131n ana izleklerinden yap\u0131yor. \u201cElimden geleni ve do\u011fru olan\u0131 yapt\u0131m m\u0131?\u201d sorgulamas\u0131n\u0131n, cerrahlar\u0131n pe\u015fini hi\u00e7 b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin elektif ve acil cerrahi ayr\u0131m\u0131. Acil ameliyat, hastan\u0131n ya ameliyat olaca\u011f\u0131 ya da \u00f6lece\u011fi durumlarda s\u00f6z konusu. Elektif ameliyatlar ise \u00f6nceden planlanan ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi \u015fart olmayan ameliyatlar. Acil ameliyatta risk, bir \u015fey yapmamak durumundan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckken; elektif ameliyatlarda bir \u015fey yapmamaktan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck. Bu risk, sadece ameliyat s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fanacaklar\u0131 de\u011fil, ameliyattan sonra olu\u015facak istenmeyen zararl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 da (komplikasyonlar\u0131) i\u00e7eriyor. Van de Laar, komplikasyonlar genelde sonradan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, cerrah\u0131n deyim yerindeyse \u201c4D g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d takarak ameliyat\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtiyor. Yani cerrah dedi\u011fin, zaman boyutunu da i\u015fin i\u00e7ine katarak, kesip ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, onard\u0131\u011f\u0131, dikti\u011fi, sard\u0131\u011f\u0131 her \u015feyin bir saat, bir g\u00fcn, bir hafta ya da bir ay sonra nas\u0131l bir \u015fekil alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edebilmeli!<\/p>\n K\u0131saca cerrahi olas\u0131l\u0131k hesaplar\u0131na dayan\u0131yor; bu da onun g\u00f6reli yan\u0131. Yazar\u0131n kendisi gibi, \u00f6rne\u011fimizi g\u00f6relilik kuramlar\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndan se\u00e7elim: Kar\u0131n aort damar\u0131 geni\u015flemesi ya\u015fayan Einstein, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyuta g\u00f6re, bilinenler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortalama dokuz ay ya\u015fayabilecekken, cerrah\u0131n\u0131 da \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtarak yedi y\u0131l daha ya\u015f\u0131yor!<\/p>\n Van de Laar tarihsel \u00f6yk\u00fclere, insan anatomisine, ameliyat t\u00fcrlerine, y\u00f6ntemlerine, m\u00fcdahale tekniklerine, cerraha ve cerrahi aletlere dair ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 anlat\u0131mlar\u0131 yedirmi\u015f durumda. \u00d6yk\u00fc k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n teknik anlat\u0131mlardan daha c\u0131l\u0131z kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde, ilgiyi yitirmeden okumak kolay olmuyor. Ama kitab\u0131n geneli, e\u011fer sayfalardan f\u0131\u015fk\u0131racak kanlardan irite olmuyor ve tarih okumaktan da ho\u015flan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, okudu\u011funuza de\u011fecektir.<\/p>\n – B\u0131\u00e7ak Alt\u0131nda -28 Ameliyatta Cerrahi Tarihi-, Arnold van de Laar, Hollandacadan \u00e7eviren: Erhan G\u00fcrer, Ko\u00e7 \u00dcniv. Yay., Haziran 2016, 356 s. <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ba\u011fnazl\u0131kla yan yana d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemeyece\u011finiz isimler vard\u0131r. Reggae m\u00fczi\u011fini Jamaika\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kararak d\u00fcnyaya arma\u011fan eden efsanevi isim Bob Marley de onlardan biri. Marley kendisine uygulanacak ve b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtaracak olan operasyonu, Rastafaryan inanc\u0131 nedeniyle reddederek, 36 gibi olduk\u00e7a erken bir ya\u015fta ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Tarihten cerrahi \u00f6yk\u00fcleri derleyen B\u0131\u00e7ak Alt\u0131nda kitab\u0131ndan, Marley\u2019in ayak t\u0131rna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ba\u015flayan ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":470,"featured_media":14317,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[191,21,513],"tags":[1621,300,210,238],"class_list":["post-14316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-154-sayi","category-biyoloji","category-kitapcil","tag-cerrahi","tag-hastaliklar","tag-kitap","tag-tarih"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/470"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14316"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14316\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}