{"id":14336,"date":"2016-11-01T11:44:39","date_gmt":"2016-11-01T08:44:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=14336"},"modified":"2017-12-14T11:54:21","modified_gmt":"2017-12-14T08:54:21","slug":"agrinin-istirapli-tarihi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/11\/01\/agrinin-istirapli-tarihi","title":{"rendered":"A\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n \u0131st\u0131rapl\u0131 tarihi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130nsanlar binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r a\u011fr\u0131 ve a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 hafifletmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131klamalar aram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde a\u011fr\u0131 duyusunun arkas\u0131nda yatan mekanizmalar daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu olgu bizi h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131yor ve daha iyi tedavi aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 da s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Peru Nanchoc Vadisi insanlar\u0131, bilinen en eski kokain kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

~ M\u00d6 6000 – yaprak kabartmas\u0131: Peru Nanchoc Vadisi insanlar\u0131, bilinen en eski kokain kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar, onlar\u0131n G\u00fcney Amerika b\u00f6lgelerinde geleneksel bir a\u011fr\u0131 kesici olarak kullan\u0131lan koka yapra\u011f\u0131n\u0131, i\u00e7indeki uyu\u015fturucu maddenin sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kire\u00e7le (kalsiyum oksit) birlikte \u00e7i\u011fnediklerini desteklemektedir.<\/p>\n

~ M\u00d6 2250 – ilk kurt\u00e7uklar: Bir Babil tableti, di\u015f \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne neden oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen \u201cdi\u015f kurt\u00e7u\u011fu\u201d oyu\u011fu a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in, toz haline getirilmi\u015f banotu tohumlar\u0131 ve damla sak\u0131z\u0131yla deli\u011fi t\u0131kama tedavisi \u00f6nerir. Bu, a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 kesmek i\u00e7in bilinen en eski yaz\u0131l\u0131 re\u00e7etedir.<\/p>\n

~ M\u00d6 2000: Mezopotamyal\u0131lar ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, yanma ve saplanma gibi farkl\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131 tiplerini tan\u0131rd\u0131. A\u015fik\u00e2r bir hasar yoksa, a\u011fr\u0131 \u015feytanlara, hayaletlere ve Tanr\u0131lara atfedilirdi. Mezopotamyal\u0131lar bu sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n bedene dokunarak ya da vurarak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc; M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar ise, ruhlar\u0131n v\u00fccuda burun delikleri ya da kulaklar yoluyla girdi\u011fini s\u00f6ylerlerdi. Hekimler bazen a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in afyon ya da banotu zehirli bitkisini kullan\u0131rlard\u0131; ama tedavi esas olarak b\u00fcy\u00fc ve dualara dayan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

~ M\u00d6 410: Yunanl\u0131 hekim Hipokrates ve takip\u00e7ileri, a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc nedenlerini reddettiler ve bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n belirtisi oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Hipokratik t\u0131p, a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n, hastada yolunda gitmeyen \u015feyler i\u00e7in bir ipucu olarak yararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Hipokratik K\u00fclliyat olarak bilinen metinler aras\u0131nda, tan\u0131 sanat\u0131na ili\u015fkin talimatlar verilir. Hekimlerin hastalara soraca\u011f\u0131 sorular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, \u201cA\u011fr\u0131n\u0131z var m\u0131?\u201d ve \u201cNeresi a\u011fr\u0131yor?\u201d en yayg\u0131nlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

MS 47 – parlak bir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m: Romal\u0131 hekim Scribonius Largus, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ve gut hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in elektroterapi re\u00e7etesi yaz\u0131yordu. T\u0131bbi metni olan Compositiones<\/em>\u2019de, ayaklar\u0131n alt\u0131na ya da ka\u015flar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne elektrik bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Torpedo marmorata<\/em>) yerle\u015ftirilmesini sal\u0131k verir; \u201chastan\u0131n duyular\u0131 hissizle\u015fene kadar\u201d elektri\u011fini bo\u015faltmas\u0131na izin verilmelidir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Descartes, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131ndan beyne kadar belirli a\u011fr\u0131 patikalar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1664: Frans\u0131z filozof Ren\u00e9 Descartes, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131ndan beyne kadar belirli a\u011fr\u0131 patikalar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr; ki bu anlay\u0131\u015f 300 y\u0131l ge\u00e7erli olacakt\u0131. \u0130nsan\u0131n Bilimsel \u0130ncelemesi<\/em> (Treatise of Man<\/em>) adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bunun mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 resimle a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hemen yan\u0131nda alev bulunan bir \u00e7ocuk, ruhunun bulundu\u011fu beynine ve omirili\u011fine uzanan bir sinir boyunca h\u0131zla giden ate\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan zarar g\u00f6rmektedir. Ruh, a\u011fr\u0131 alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sinyallere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr; baca\u011fa sinirler boyunca izlenen yolun \u201chayvan canlar\u0131n\u0131\u201d salarak, bunu ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 ister. Kitap, Descartes\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; b\u00f6ylelikle Descartes, a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n Tanr\u0131n\u0131n bir arma\u011fan\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011freten Kilise\u2019nin gazab\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1798: \u0130ngiliz kimyager Humphry Davy, azotoksit soluman\u0131n etkilerini test etti. Onu, k\u0131k\u0131r k\u0131k\u0131r g\u00fcld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; ama ayn\u0131 zamanda etini yarm\u0131\u015f olan 20 ya\u015f di\u015finin verdi\u011fi ac\u0131y\u0131 hafifletmi\u015fti. Davy, \u201cA\u011fr\u0131 her zaman ilk d\u00f6rt ya da be\u015f solumadan sonra azal\u0131r\u201d demektedir. Daha sonra Davy, nitr\u00f6z oksit (g\u00fclme gaz\u0131) ve oksijen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n hayvanlarda nas\u0131l tersinebilir bir bilin\u00e7 yitimi \u00fcretti\u011fini rapor etmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 O bu gaz\u0131n, \u201ccerrahi operasyonlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda avantajl\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini\u201d ileri s\u00fcrer, ancak gazla anestezi fikri , 1840\u2019lara kadar g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Afyon tohum kaps\u00fcllerinin s\u00fct\u00fc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1805: Alman eczac\u0131\u00a0 Friedrich Sert\u00fcrner, afyonun aktif bile\u015fenlerinden olan morfini izole etti. Afyon \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011finin olgunla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f tohum kaps\u00fcllerinden ak\u0131t\u0131lan s\u00fctl\u00fc sak\u0131z, tarih\u00f6ncesi \u00e7a\u011flardan bu yana a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 dindirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ancak afyon tent\u00fcr\u00fc benzeri, geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f haz\u0131r ila\u00e7lara ra\u011fmen, bitkisel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin de\u011fi\u015fken g\u00fcc\u00fc, onlar\u0131n etkilerini tahmin edilemez yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Morfinin afyondan daha g\u00fcvenilir ve on kat g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamas\u0131, onu a\u011fr\u0131 kesicilerin dayanak noktas\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1864: Amerikan \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Silas Weir Mitchell ve iki cerrah arkada\u015f\u0131, hasarl\u0131 sinirlerden kaynaklanan kronik a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli bir bi\u00e7imini saptad\u0131lar. Mitchell bu durumu kozalji olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; \u015fimdi kompleks b\u00f6lgesel a\u011fr\u0131 sendromu denilmektedir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yaralanmalar bile, askerlerin k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 s\u0131cak t\u00f6rp\u00fclerle derilerinin t\u00f6rp\u00fclenmesine benzettikleri, dayan\u0131lmaz yak\u0131c\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131lara yol a\u00e7\u0131yordu. Ufak dokunu\u015flara \u00e7ok duyarl\u0131 hale geliyorlard\u0131; hava ve \u0131s\u0131ya maruz kalmak, hatta bir gazetenin h\u0131\u015f\u0131rt\u0131 sesi bile a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131yordu. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 onlarca y\u0131l sonra bile h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u0131st\u0131rap \u00e7ekiyordu.<\/p>\n

1898 – \u00c7ileli deneme: Alman cerrah August Bier spinal anestezinin etkinli\u011fini kan\u0131tlad\u0131. Bel poksiyonu (i\u011fne yoluyla v\u00fccudun bo\u015fluklar\u0131na s\u0131v\u0131 aktar\u0131m\u0131 ya da \u00e7ekimi) yoluyla, asistan\u0131na kokain verdi; sonra asistan\u0131n\u0131n bacaklar\u0131na \u00e7eki\u00e7le vurdu, yakt\u0131; son i\u015flem olarak testislerini ezdi ve b\u00fckt\u00fc. Asistan, anestezinin etkisi ge\u00e7ene dek hi\u00e7bir \u015fey hissetmedi.<\/p>\n

\"\"1899 – Is\u0131rarak s\u0131y\u0131rmak: Alman \u015firketi Bayer, aspirini yaratt\u0131. \u0130lac\u0131n k\u00f6keninde, a\u011fr\u0131 ve s\u0131z\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7aresi s\u00f6\u011f\u00fct kabu\u011fu vard\u0131. S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n kabu\u011funun tozunun i\u00e7erdi\u011fi analjezik (a\u011fr\u0131 kesici etkili) madde salisini, Bayer, daha az toksik olan asetilsalisilik asidi elde etmek i\u00e7in d\u00fczenledi.\u00a0 Aspirin \u015fimdilerde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan ila\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n

1906 – Alarm sistemi: \u0130ngiliz n\u00f6rofizyolog Charles Sherrington, nosisept\u00f6rlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya att\u0131; nosisept\u00f6rler, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k gibi potansiyel zararl\u0131 uyaranlar\u0131 alg\u0131layan \u00f6zelle\u015fmi\u015f sinirlerdir. Uyaran\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu yaralanmaya neden olacak kadar \u00e7ok ise, sinirler beyne a\u011fr\u0131 sinyali g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n

1936 – Sa\u011f enjeksiyon (\u00e7.n. \u201cjab\u201d kelimesinin hem enjeksiyon, hem yumruk anlamlar\u0131na gelmesinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak, \u201csa\u011f yumruk\u201d g\u00f6ndermesi yap\u0131l\u0131yor): Anestezi uzman\u0131 Emery Rovenstine, sinirleri bloke etmek i\u00e7in yeni metotlara \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi ilk a\u011fr\u0131 klini\u011fini, New York Bellevue Hastanesi\u2019ni kurdu. Anjin, nevralji, siyatik ve baz\u0131 kanserlerin a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 hafifletmek i\u00e7in sinirlerin i\u00e7ine anestezikler enjekte etti.<\/p>\n

1965: Psikolog Ronald Melzack ve n\u00f6robilimci Patrick Wall, a\u011fr\u0131 kontrol kap\u0131s\u0131 teorisini ortaya att\u0131lar. Omurili\u011fin bir \u201ckap\u0131\u201d mekanizmas\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funu savl\u0131yorlard\u0131: Kayna\u011f\u0131ndan, di\u011fer sinirlerden ve beyinden gelen mesajlar birle\u015ftirilerek, bu a\u011fr\u0131 mesaj\u0131n\u0131n beyne ula\u015fmas\u0131na izin vermek \u00fczere kap\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 ya da \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kapan\u0131p kapanmayaca\u011f\u0131 belirleniyordu. A\u011fr\u0131 alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, fizyolojik ve ruh hali gibi psikolojik fakt\u00f6rlerin bir bile\u015fimi taraf\u0131ndan etkilendi\u011fini de savl\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u00d6nerdikleri mekanizman\u0131n detaylar\u0131n\u0131n kusurlu oldu\u011fu daha sonra ispatlanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, teorileri alanda devrim yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1973: Amerikal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, beyinde morfinin etkisini g\u00f6stermesine arac\u0131l\u0131k eden bir resept\u00f6r ke\u015ffetti. Bu ke\u015fif, uyu\u015fturucu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n, v\u00fccut taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen do\u011fal a\u011fr\u0131 kesicileri taklit ederek \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ima etmektedir. \u0130ki y\u0131l sonra, \u0130ngiliz biyologlar endorfin ya da endojen grubu opiodleri olan enkefalinleri ke\u015ffettiler. Endorfin, a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in v\u00fccudun do\u011fal mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak olu\u015fturulur; a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n alg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak analjezi (a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 kesme) sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

1991: Beyin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme teknikleri, a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n beynin \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131nda paralel olarak i\u015flendi\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pozitron emisyon tomogrofisi ve fonksiyonel manyetik rezonans g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme, a\u011fr\u0131 alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n beklenti, deneyim ve duygular taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l etkilendi\u011fini oldu\u011fu kadar, bu olgunun daha derin bir kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 da sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131, bu tekniklerin a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 nesnel olarak \u00f6l\u00e7meyi ve fiziksel ve duygusal a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 ay\u0131rt edebilmeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme, kronik a\u011fr\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni ila\u00e7lar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

2004 – Beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc: Kronik s\u0131rt a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olan insanlar\u0131n, beyin dokular\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 11 kadar\u0131n\u0131 kaybettikleri g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir (A.V. Apkarian ve di\u011ferleri, J. Neurosci<\/em> 24, 10.410-10.415; 2004). Daha sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, \u00f6rne\u011fin ge\u00e7meyen ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 ve huzursuz ba\u011f\u0131rsak sendromu gibi kronik a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n di\u011fer nedenlerinin, ayn\u0131 zamanda gri maddenin b\u00fcz\u00fc\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

2014 – Gelece\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f: \u00c7in\u2019de y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u0131rt a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131lan Corydalis yanhusuo<\/em> otunun i\u00e7inde bir analjezik ke\u015ffedildi. Bile\u015fik, dehidrokoribulbin, dopamin resept\u00f6rlerine ba\u011flan\u0131r ve opiat ila\u00e7lardan daha \u00e7ok uzun vadeli rahatlama sunar.<\/p>\n

2015: Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, erkek ve di\u015fi farelerin a\u011fr\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde temel bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k buldular; bu erkek ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 neden daha farkl\u0131 hissettiklerini a\u00e7\u0131klamaya yard\u0131m edebilir (R. E. Sorge et al. Nature Neurosci<\/em>. 18, 1081\u20131083; 2015). Kad\u0131nlar, a\u011fr\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 erkeklere g\u00f6re daha duyarl\u0131d\u0131r; kronik a\u011fr\u0131ya sahip olmalar\u0131 daha muhtemeldir ve baz\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131 kesicilere farkl\u0131 yan\u0131t verirler. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, a\u011fr\u0131 alg\u0131s\u0131nda mikrogliya ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k h\u00fccrelerinin anahtar bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir; ancak \u015fimdilerde, bunun yaln\u0131zca erkerlerde do\u011fru oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur. Di\u015fi farelerde T h\u00fccreleri ayn\u0131 fonksiyon i\u00e7in i\u015flevlidir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130nsanlar binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r a\u011fr\u0131 ve a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 hafifletmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131klamalar aram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde a\u011fr\u0131 duyusunun arkas\u0131nda yatan mekanizmalar daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu olgu bizi h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131yor ve daha iyi tedavi aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 da s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. ~ M\u00d6 6000 – yaprak kabartmas\u0131: Peru Nanchoc Vadisi insanlar\u0131, bilinen en eski kokain kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar, onlar\u0131n G\u00fcney Amerika […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":470,"featured_media":14337,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[190,21,1464],"tags":[1624,230,1628,238],"class_list":["post-14336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-153-sayi","category-biyoloji","category-dosya","tag-agri","tag-insanlik-tarihi","tag-kronoloji","tag-tarih"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/470"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14336"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14336\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14336"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}