{"id":14364,"date":"2016-11-01T12:40:43","date_gmt":"2016-11-01T09:40:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=14364"},"modified":"2017-12-14T12:54:23","modified_gmt":"2017-12-14T09:54:23","slug":"agri-genetigi-tamamlanmamis-bir-mozaik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/11\/01\/agri-genetigi-tamamlanmamis-bir-mozaik","title":{"rendered":"A\u011fr\u0131 geneti\u011fi: Tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f bir mozaik"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyar insan\u0131 etkilemekte olan kronik a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan sebepleri ve a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n v\u00fccuttaki mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in DNA \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/em> Genetik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, a\u011fr\u0131 tedavisini k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftirme ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok uzak olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bir dizi ke\u015ffin k\u00f6\u015feyi d\u00f6nmek \u00fczere oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00f6rolog Stephen Waxman genlerin kronik a\u011fr\u0131 \u00fczerine etkisini anlamak istiyor, bu s\u0131rr\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zerek birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastalar\u0131na bir g\u00fcvence sa\u011flamay\u0131 umut ediyor. Bu hastalardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 eski yaralanmalardan, baz\u0131lar\u0131 diyabetik sinir hasar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u0131st\u0131rap \u00e7ekmekte. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise ender hastal\u0131klardan dolay\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131larla sava\u015f\u0131yor, \u00f6rne\u011fin kal\u0131tsal eritromelalji hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, eller ve ayaklar hafif s\u0131cakla temas ettiklerinde ya da hafif egzersiz yapt\u0131klar\u0131nda yanmaya yak\u0131n bir ac\u0131 deneyimliyor. Waxman\u2019\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu insanlar i\u00e7in \u00e7orap giymek ile v\u00fccuduna ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 lav d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi e\u015fde\u011fer eylemler.<\/p>\n

\"\"
N\u00f6rolog Stephen Waxman, nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen a\u011fr\u0131 bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131n geneti\u011fini \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Yale \u00dcniversitesi Sinirbilim ve Yenilenme Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\u2019nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Waxman\u2019a g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyar insan\u0131 etkilemekte olan kronik a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan sebepleri ve a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n v\u00fccuttaki mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in DNA analizleri yap\u0131lmal\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucu elde edilen bulgular sayesinde, kronik a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olan hastalara daha iyi tedavi imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor; a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 hedefleyen, hisleri k\u00f6reltmeyen ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7mayan ila\u00e7lar sayesinde onlara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmay\u0131 umuyorlar.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar zaten on y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar geneti\u011fin a\u011fr\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc oldu\u011funda hemfikirler, insanlar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l deneyimledi\u011fi \u00fczerinde y\u00fczde 20 ile y\u00fczde 60\u2019a varan farkl\u0131l\u0131klar genlerdeki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle ili\u015fkilendirildi. Buna ra\u011fmen, buna sebep olan yerler, DNA \u00fczerinde spesifik olarak belirlenebilmi\u015f de\u011fil. Problemin karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerde nas\u0131l zorland\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6rne\u011fin 1000 tane gen taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildi\u011fini bulduktan sonra, ona \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretmenin ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar oldu\u011fu gibi (Kanada\u2019daki McGill \u00dcniversitesi a\u011fr\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Jeffrey Mogil \u00f6rne\u011fin), devam eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sayesinde faydal\u0131 ke\u015fifler ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulmalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu \u00f6ng\u00f6ren ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar da var.<\/p>\n

Genetik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n iki farkl\u0131 yolu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mogil\u2019in ofisinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan molek\u00fcler genetik\u00e7i Luda Diatchenko a\u011fr\u0131 genlerini bulmak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda olduk\u00e7a azimli. Ellerinde \u00e7ok fazla bilinmeyen olmas\u0131, biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bulu\u015flar\u0131n hemen e\u015fi\u011finde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. A\u011fr\u0131 geneti\u011fi deneyleri tasarlaman\u0131n ve genomu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya olanak tan\u0131yan, kar\u015f\u0131lanamayacak kadar pahal\u0131 olmayan y\u00f6ntemleri bulmalar\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a zaman ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsediyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n daha bitmedi\u011fini, ama yak\u0131nda bir patlama olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azimle belirtiyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere\u2019deki Londra Kraliyet Koleji \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Stephen McMahon adl\u0131 bir sinirbilimcinin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re, a\u011fr\u0131 geneti\u011fi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken iki farkl\u0131 yol takip etmekte. Birincisi, Waxman gibi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n izledi\u011fi yol: \u00c7e\u015fitli ailelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen ender a\u011fr\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, tek gen mutasyonlar\u0131 aramak; \u00f6rne\u011fin kal\u0131tsal eritromelalji d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 30-40 aileyi etkilemekte ve bu hastal\u0131\u011fa sebep olan gendeki mutasyon, sodyum-iyon kanal\u0131n\u0131n fazla aktif olmas\u0131na neden oluyor. Asl\u0131nda bir protein olan bu kanal, sonu\u00e7 olarak periferik sinirlere a\u011fr\u0131 sinyalleri gitmesine sebep oluyor. E\u011fer bu bilgi do\u011frultusuda kronik a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olan bireylerde bu proteninin aktifli\u011fini azaltacak bir ila\u00e7 \u00fcretimi yap\u0131labilirse, sistematik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sayesinde sinir h\u00fccrelerine a\u011fr\u0131 sinyalinin g\u00f6nderimini azaltacak tedaviler geli\u015ftirilebilir ve b\u00f6ylece uyku, kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k ya da denge kayb\u0131 gibi yan etkiler de olu\u015fmaz. Amgen, Pfizer ve Convergence Pharmaceuticals gibi ila\u00e7 firmalar\u0131 bu proteni bask\u0131layacak ila\u00e7lar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktalar, ama Waxman hen\u00fcz bu ilac\u0131n tedavilerde kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi bir a\u015famaya pek \u00e7ok y\u0131llar sonra gelinece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Sadece bu sodyum kanal\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyecek bir ila\u00e7 tasarlamak olduk\u00e7a zorlu bir i\u015f, farkl\u0131 bir tip sodyum kanal\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemesi ise olduk\u00e7a tehlikeli sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci yol ise daha kapsaml\u0131: Yaln\u0131zca kal\u0131tsal olan a\u011fr\u0131lar yerine, geni\u015f hasta topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n DNA\u2019lar\u0131 dizilenerek a\u011fr\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilebilecek genetik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar, karakterler, fenotipler incelenmekte. Geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 olarak ba\u015flayan bu incelemenin daralarak, sonu\u00e7ta kronik a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olan bu pek \u00e7ok insan i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli birtak\u0131m genlere kadar indirgenmesi ama\u00e7lan\u0131yor. Ancak bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sayesinde anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ki, a\u011fr\u0131 denen \u015fey, t\u0131pk\u0131 pek \u00e7ok kronik durumda oldu\u011fu gibi, bir insan i\u00e7in konu\u015fuldu\u011funda bile y\u00fczlerce genin birle\u015fiminin \u00e7evresiyle olan etkile\u015fimi sonucu olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Montreal, Kanada McGill \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ndeki Luda Diatchenko Laboratuvar\u0131\u2019nda Anne-Julie
Chabot-Dor\u00e9 gibi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, kronik a\u011fr\u0131da etkili olan genleri ar\u0131yor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kimi bilinmezler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kuzey Karolina\u2019daki Duke \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde Geleneksel A\u011fr\u0131 T\u0131bb\u0131 Merkezi\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki William Maixner, kronik a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131, \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rler do\u011frultusunda zamanla de\u011fi\u015fmesinden ve hem psikolojik hem de sinirsel hasara yol a\u00e7mas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 mozaiklerden olu\u015fan bir patikaya benzetiyor. Maixner, Diatchenko ve di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar a\u011fr\u0131yla ili\u015fkili hastal\u0131klarda rol alan genetik mekanizmalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n

Orofasiyal A\u011fr\u0131: Gelece\u011fe Y\u00f6nelik De\u011ferlendirme ve Risk Analizi (OPPERA) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, sebebi bilinmeyen ve y\u00fcz a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na sebep olan temporomandibular bozukluklara (TMB) sahip insanlara odaklan\u0131yor. Ekip be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrede, TMB olmayan 2700\u2019den fazla ki\u015fiden ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda TMB ya\u015fayan 260 ki\u015fiden veri toplad\u0131. Maixner\u2019in grubu a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 358 gende tek n\u00fckleotid polimorfizmleri (SNP) denen DNA varyasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerde 202 farkl\u0131 fenotip g\u00f6zlemledi. \u0130lk bulgular TMB\u2019nin karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu bozuklukla ilgili herhangi bir genetik varyasyon bulamad\u0131. Ancak, TMB risk fakt\u00f6rleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olan be\u015f tane SNP buldular; bunlardan birisi de spesifik olmayan y\u00fcz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, fiziksel belirtiler, stres ve negatif ruh haliyle ilintiliydi O zamandan bu yana tak\u0131m, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 OPPERA kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn genomunu incelemek y\u00f6n\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc: 2017\u2019de sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 umuyorlar.<\/p>\n

A\u011fr\u0131 geneti\u011fiyle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrmesinden can\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131lan Mogil ve McMahon gibi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, b\u00fct\u00fcn genomu kapsayan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n \u201csu\u00e7lu\u201d farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 bulabilmek i\u00e7in yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yap\u0131lacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7in de gerekli maddi deste\u011fin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n

Problemi daha da karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131ran \u015fey, kronik a\u011fr\u0131 ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n fenotipini do\u011fru \u015fekilde belirleyebilmek. Oslo\u2019daki Norve\u00e7 Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde a\u011fr\u0131 psikolo\u011fu olan Christopher Sivert Nielsen, farkl\u0131 te\u015fhisler konan a\u011fr\u0131 bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131n, genellikle birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Kronik a\u011fr\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken belirtileri tespit etmek hayli zorlu. Yani kronik a\u011fr\u0131, multipl skleroz (MS) gibi semptomlar\u0131 belirli hastal\u0131klardan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131. \u201cE\u011fer MS \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, klini\u011fe gidersiniz, vakalara bakars\u0131n\u0131z ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131 size belirtileri temin eder; ama a\u011fr\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda bu i\u015flemez\u201d diyor Nielsen. \u201cBir\u00e7ok a\u011fr\u0131 tipinin ortak genetik k\u00f6keni oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, kontrol grubunuzda ba\u011flant\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z\u0131 bozabilecek farkl\u0131 bir a\u011fr\u0131 ya\u015fayan insan bulunabilir. Fenotipleri bulmak i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ula\u015fabilecekleri kadar \u00e7ok kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7ok daha titiz bir \u015fekilde incelemeleri gerekir\u201d diye ekliyor.<\/p>\n

Maixner, OPPERA ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n genlerin semptomlarla olan ilgisini \u00e7\u00f6zebilmek i\u00e7in yeni metotlar geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bioinformatik\u00e7iler pop\u00fclasyonu \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 alt gruba b\u00f6lecek bir tabakala\u015ft\u0131rma prosed\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu gruplar, deneysel a\u011fr\u0131 uyar\u0131s\u0131na y\u00fcksek duyarl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren, a\u011fr\u0131 hissetmeye yatk\u0131n olan insanlar\u0131n olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 bir topluluk; fizyolojik bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131ktan dolay\u0131 genel ge\u00e7er semptomlar\u0131 olan bir a\u011fr\u0131 hisseden insanlardan olu\u015facak bir topluluk ve ikisi de olmayan bir topluluktan meydana geliyor . TMB ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu birinci ve ikinci grupta yer al\u0131yor. Maixner b\u00fct\u00fcn pop\u00fclasyon yerine bu topluluklar\u0131 inceleyerek genlerin semptomlar\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde ve kendini g\u00f6stermesinde nas\u0131l bir etkisi oldu\u011funu anlaman\u0131n daha kolay olabilece\u011fini \u00f6neriyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"Epigenetik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da \u00f6nemli<\/strong><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar genomdan \u00f6teye, metilasyon gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u00fcre\u00e7ler sayesinde DNA \u00fczerinde b\u0131rak\u0131lan i\u015faretleri g\u00f6steren epigenoma bak\u0131yor. Epigenetik de\u011fi\u015fiklikler gen ifadesini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek \u00e7e\u015fitli biyokimyasal olaylar\u0131 etkileyebilir. \u201cUmudumuz kronik a\u011fr\u0131 durumundaki \u2018a\u00e7\u0131k butonunu\u2019 kontrol eden h\u00fccresel s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ke\u015ffedebilmek\u201d diyor McMahon.<\/p>\n

Bir ki\u015finin kronik a\u011fr\u0131 hissetmesinde etkili olabilecek \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rleri anlamak i\u00e7in epigenetik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n biliminsanlar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ila\u00e7lar\u0131n da\u00a0 bu biyolojik olaylar zincirinde en tepede bulunan noktalarda etkili olacak \u015fekilde iyile\u015ftirilebilece\u011fini ekliyor. \u201cNav\u00a0 bloklay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 kullanmak askerin aya\u011f\u0131na sald\u0131rmak gibiyken, epigenetik s\u00fcre\u00e7leri bozmak b\u00fct\u00fcn orduya emir veren bir generali saf d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmaya benzer\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

McMahon 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u011fr\u0131 hassasiyetleri farkl\u0131 olan tek yumurta ikizleri \u00fcst\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sundu. Tak\u0131m a\u011fr\u0131 geni olan TRPA1<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n da dahil oldu\u011fu birka\u00e7 gende metilasyon farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu buldu. Ama epigenetik ba\u015f d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc \u015fekilde karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar epigenetik de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, bunlara sebep olabilecek olan \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011flaman\u0131n hen\u00fcz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. \u201cDaha i\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131nday\u0131z\u201d diyen McMahon, epigenetik ya da genetik hedeflerin bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek bunlar\u0131n h\u00fccreler ve model organizmalar \u00fcst\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan deneylerle g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekti\u011fini ekliyor.<\/p>\n

Mogil ise \u201cepigeneti\u011fin g\u00fcn\u00fcn favorisi\u201d olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 irdeliyor. \u201cGenetikte ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olunamad\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u015fimdi \u2018b\u00fct\u00fcn fi\u015flerini nereye yat\u0131racaklar\u0131n\u0131\u2019 soruyorlar\u201d diyor. \u015eimdilik Mogil ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131 genlerinin belirlenmesinden kemirgen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda bulunanlar\u0131 do\u011frulamaya ve a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n cinsiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak nas\u0131l i\u015flendi\u011fine \u00e7evirdi. Bu, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n temel mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 ve genetik, epigenetik bulgular\u0131n bunlarla ne ilgisi oldu\u011funu anlamas\u0131nda etkili olabilecek t\u00fcrden bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma.<\/p>\n

Mogil ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n genetik mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131, ki\u015fiye \u00f6zel tedaviler \u00fcretebilecek ve ila\u00e7lar\u0131n etkinli\u011fini maksimize edebilecek kadar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeye hi\u00e7 de yak\u0131n olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Ama karamsar de\u011fil, sadece ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i davran\u0131yor. H\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6\u011frenecek pek \u00e7ok \u015fey var ve bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 i\u00e7in bu iyi bir haber. \u201cGenetikle ilgili bay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u015fey bu: Ne arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bilmeden bile \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 proteinler bulabilirsiniz.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Slade, G. D. et al. (2013); J. Pain<\/em> 14, T116-T124.<\/p>\n

2) Bair, E. et al. (2016); Pain<\/em> 157, 1266-1278.<\/p>\n

3) Bell, J. T. et al. (2014); Nature Commun<\/em>. 5, 2978.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyar insan\u0131 etkilemekte olan kronik a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan sebepleri ve a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n v\u00fccuttaki mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in DNA \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Genetik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, a\u011fr\u0131 tedavisini k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftirme ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok uzak olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bir dizi ke\u015ffin k\u00f6\u015feyi d\u00f6nmek \u00fczere oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. N\u00f6rolog Stephen Waxman genlerin kronik a\u011fr\u0131 \u00fczerine etkisini anlamak istiyor, bu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":894,"featured_media":14365,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[190,21,1464,231],"tags":[1624,272,292,1625,495],"class_list":["post-14364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-153-sayi","category-biyoloji","category-dosya","category-molekuler-biyoloji-ve-genetik","tag-agri","tag-dna","tag-genetik","tag-kronik-agri","tag-sinirbilim"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/894"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14364"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14364\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14365"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14364"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}