{"id":14496,"date":"2016-11-01T13:57:19","date_gmt":"2016-11-01T10:57:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=14496"},"modified":"2017-12-15T14:01:20","modified_gmt":"2017-12-15T11:01:20","slug":"bob-dylan-nobel-edebiyat-odulunu-hak-etti-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/11\/01\/bob-dylan-nobel-edebiyat-odulunu-hak-etti-mi","title":{"rendered":"Bob Dylan Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc hak etti mi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bizim gibi en az Amerikan halk sanat\u0131 kadar engin bir halk sanat\u0131 gelene\u011fi i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan bir toplumun Bob Dylan\u2019a verilen \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc \u201csol\u201d bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr kavram\u0131n\u0131 tekrar tart\u0131\u015fma vesilesi yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ve A\u015f\u0131k Veysel ad\u0131na, Pir Sultan Abdal ad\u0131na, Karacao\u011flan ad\u0131na, Fakir Baykurt ve Ya\u015far Kemal ad\u0131na gururla kabul etmemiz gerekmez mi?<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu y\u0131l\u0131n Nobel \u00f6d\u00fclleri pe\u015fi s\u0131ra a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131 ve en provokatif dal olan Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc hepimizin iyi k\u00f6t\u00fc tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131, en az\u0131ndan One More Cup of Coffee<\/em>\u2019sini m\u0131r\u0131ldanabildi\u011fi, nezle sesli Bob Dylan\u2019a gitti. \u00d6d\u00fcl a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r a\u00e7\u0131klanmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr d\u00fcnyas\u0131 parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rd\u0131 ve itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi.<\/p>\n

\"\"\u0130tirazlar\u0131 iki boh\u00e7ada toplamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Birinci boh\u00e7ay\u0131 Bob Dylan\u2019\u0131n aslen bir pop k\u00fclt\u00fcr fig\u00fcr\u00fc (t\u0131pk\u0131 Rihanna gibi) oldu\u011fu ve Nobel kazanm\u0131\u015f an\u0131tsal yazarlar\u0131n ikamet etti\u011fi Olimpos da\u011f\u0131nda yeri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarz\u0131ndaki yorumlar dolduruyor. Oysa zaman\u0131n\u0131n siyasi konjonkt\u00fcrleri nedeniyle o zirveye yerle\u015fmi\u015f vasat isimlerin de uzun bir liste olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ek. Bu yorumlar, \u201csa\u011fc\u0131\u201d diyebilece\u011fimiz, y\u00fcksek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\/a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinden tan\u0131mlanan k\u00fclt\u00fcr kavram\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan tezah\u00fcr\u00fc olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir. \u0130kinci boh\u00e7ada ise daha \u201cliberal\/sol\u201d kanattan gelen, Bob Dylan\u2019\u0131n de\u011ferli bir \u015fahsiyet olmakla birlikte, yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u015fiir de\u011fil \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc\u201d oldu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201cedebiyat\u201d kategorisi i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilip anl\u0131 \u015fanl\u0131 bir \u00f6d\u00fclle ta\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u201cger\u00e7ek\u201d edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lara haks\u0131zl\u0131k oldu\u011fu yorumlar\u0131 mevcut. Asl\u0131nda bu itirazlar da, birinci gruptaki kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011fa pek uzak olmayan, \u201cedebiyat\/edebiyatd\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d ayr\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr tan\u0131m\u0131ndan malul. Bir metnin \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc ya da \u015fiir olarak kategorilendirilmesindeki keyfili\u011fi edebiyat\u0131n do\u011fal ve de\u011fi\u015fmez addedilen kurallar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu itirazlar nesnel olmaktan ziyade \u00f6znel kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Edebiyat\u0131n dallar\u0131 var m\u0131d\u0131r? Ve bu dallar do\u011fal m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nas\u0131l bir R\u00f6nesans bilginini (pop\u00fcler bir \u00f6rnek olarak Leonardo Da Vinci\u2019yi \u00f6rnek alal\u0131m) fizik\u00e7i, kimyac\u0131, felsefeci ve hatta ressam vs. diye uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131na ay\u0131ram\u0131yorsak, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011fine kadar bir edebiyat\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 da romanc\u0131, \u015fair vs. diye ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. Hadi diyelim bilim dallar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131\u015fman\u0131n faydac\u0131 ve uzmanla\u015fmayla gelen daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r sebepleri mevcut. Ama biliyoruz ki edebiyat\u0131n bir \u201cfaydas\u0131\u201d yok. Onu faydac\u0131 dallara ay\u0131rman\u0131n da rasyonel bir sebebini bulmak imkans\u0131z. Kald\u0131 ki Nobel bilim \u00f6d\u00fclleri bile kimi zaman bilim dallar\u0131 ayr\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki mu\u011flakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ge\u00e7i\u015fkenli\u011fi g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Kimya dal\u0131nda \u00f6d\u00fcl kazanan Aziz Sancar\u2019\u0131n asl\u0131nda \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc T\u0131p ve Fizyoloji dal\u0131nda bekledi\u011fini hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m. As\u0131l olarak \u201ct\u0131p\u201d alan\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara verilmesine ra\u011fmen Nobel T\u0131p ve Fizyoloji \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc alanlar aras\u0131nda t\u0131p ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 ve biyologlar kadar, kimyagerler, genetik\u00e7iler ve n\u00f6robilimciler de var. Bilim s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda bile bu \u00f6rnekler \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131labilirken konu edebiyat oldu\u011funda \u00e7ok daha ge\u00e7i\u015fken, ayr\u0131mlar\u0131n mu\u011flak ve suni oldu\u011fu bir alan \u00fczerine fikir beyan ediyoruz demektir.<\/p>\n

Bu ayr\u0131mlar \u201cyarat\u0131c\u0131 olarak sanat\u00e7\u0131\u201d kavram\u0131yla birlikte olu\u015fmu\u015f ve sanat\u0131n Pantheon\u2019unu in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ideolojiyle do\u011frudan ili\u015fkili ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n t\u00fcm ilerici sanat ak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131kmak \u00fczere ittifak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201csanatk\u00e2r\/zanaatk\u00e2r\u201d, \u201cse\u00e7kin\/pop\u00fcler\u201d kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n sonucuydu. Bug\u00fcn d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Charles Dickens gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir romanc\u0131, zaman\u0131n\u0131n alabildi\u011fine pop\u00fclist bir yazar\u0131yd\u0131. Gazete tefrikas\u0131n\u0131n teknik k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131ndan klasik roman bi\u00e7emini yaratan bir zanaatk\u00e2rd\u0131. Daha ileri gidelim: Hik\u00e2yesini ritm ve m\u00fczik e\u015fli\u011finde anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011fimiz Homeros edebiyata m\u0131 aittir, m\u00fczi\u011fe mi? S\u00f6zl\u00fc gelene\u011fe mi aittir, yaz\u0131l\u0131 gelene\u011fi mi? Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc Tagore\u2019un bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131p s\u00f6ylenen 1000 k\u00fcs\u00fcr \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc, Tagore\u2019un edebiyatd\u0131\u015f\u0131 alanlardaki \u00fcr\u00fcnleri olarak m\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmeli? Brecht\u2019in \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6zleri s\u0131rf \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in edebiyatd\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u0131 say\u0131lmal\u0131? Kurt Weill zaman\u0131n\u0131n pop \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131na imza att\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in besteci stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131na m\u0131 itilmeli? Bu saatten sonra bu sorular\u0131 tekrar tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7mak abesle i\u015ftigal gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeliydi asl\u0131nda ama, Bob Dylan\u2019a verilen edebiyat \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc bu ayr\u0131mlar\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 g\u00fcndemde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi bize. \u015eark\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn nerede bitip \u015fiirin nerede ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da e\u011flencelik \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn nerede bitip sanat\u0131n nerede ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hangi k\u0131staslara g\u00f6re belirleyebiliriz bug\u00fcn? Unutmayal\u0131m ki bug\u00fcn\u00fcn klasik sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, vakti zaman\u0131n\u0131n e\u011flencelik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini yaratanlard\u0131. Bob Dylan\u2019\u0131n 50 k\u00fcsur y\u0131ll\u0131k kariyeri de bu kavramlar\u0131n nas\u0131l i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fini kan\u0131tl\u0131yor bize.<\/p>\n

Uzun laf\u0131n k\u0131sas\u0131 her iki kategorideki itirazlar da demode, \u00e7oktan a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (ya da a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gereken) \u201csa\u011fc\u0131\u201d k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat kavramlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden tart\u0131\u015fmakta konuyu. Oysa bu \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn tart\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze koydu\u011fu bir ba\u015fka boyut var ki, pek s\u00f6z konusu edilmedi!<\/p>\n

\"\"Ki\u015fi de\u011fil, gelenek \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilebilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Muhafazak\u00e2r ve burnundan k\u0131l ald\u0131rmayan Nobel j\u00fcrisinin Bob Dylan\u2019a verilen \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn gerek\u00e7esini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 c\u00fcmleye d\u00f6nelim: \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Amerikan \u015fark\u0131 gelene\u011finde yeni \u015fiirsel ifadeler yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in\u201d.<\/p>\n

Bahis konusu Amerikan \u015fark\u0131 gelene\u011fi, Bob Dylan\u2019\u0131n da ciddi oldu\u011fu ender zamanlarda s\u00fcrekli vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kendisini bir par\u00e7as\u0131 sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 engin bir denizdir ve sadece \u015fark\u0131 gelene\u011fi de\u011fil, koca bir halk edebiyat\u0131 gelene\u011fidir. Bu gelene\u011fin i\u00e7inde Hillbilly\u2019den siyah k\u00f6le Blues\u2019una, Walt Whitman\u2019dan Woody Guthrie\u2019ye, Hobolardan Beatniklere, Jesse James\u2019den Gazap \u00dcz\u00fcmleri\u2019nin Tom Joad\u2019una kadar bir rota \u00e7izebilirsiniz. \u015eark\u0131, s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyat bu halk sanat\u0131 gelene\u011fi i\u00e7inde i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir ve bu k\u0131vr\u0131la k\u0131vr\u0131la akan \u0131rmakta, diyelim Pete Seeger ile John Dos Passos, Olimpos\u2019un zirvesinde de\u011fil ama, ovada ve sokakta e\u015fitlenmi\u015ftir. Halk edebiyat\u0131 gelene\u011fi, sanat t\u00fcrleri ve bi\u00e7emlerini kendi i\u00e7inde eritir ve yekpare k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte Akademinin so\u011fuk a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131ndan anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z da Bob Dylan\u2019\u0131n aslen bu gelene\u011fin temsilcisi olarak \u00f6d\u00fcllendirildi\u011fidir. \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc almas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, temsilcisi oldu\u011fu gelene\u011fi modern zamanlara ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan unutmamam\u0131z gereken \u015fey, Nobel j\u00fcrisinin ne kadar k\u00e2le ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmez, ama bu gelene\u011fin \u201cmuhalif\u201d kimli\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

Tabii \u015funu sorabiliriz: Nobel j\u00fcrisi kendini a\u015f\u0131p bir halk gelene\u011fini \u00f6d\u00fcllendirecek noktaya geldiyse, buna Amerikan halk sanat\u0131ndan ba\u015flamas\u0131 manidar m\u0131d\u0131r? Tabii ki manidard\u0131r! ABD \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcrel propaganda mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n Amerikan halk sanat\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fcresel bir gelenek haline getirdi\u011fini kim yads\u0131yabilir? Hatta Wim Wenders\u2019in \u00fcnl\u00fc laf\u0131n\u0131 uyarlayacak olursak bu gelenek \u201cbilin\u00e7alt\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kolonize etmi\u015ftir\u201d. Yine de bu durum Amerikan halk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferini azaltmaz. Ama Bob Dylan tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, Amerika-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biraz anlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. K\u00fcresel co\u011frafyan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 \u201c\u015fark\u0131c\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 birinin \u201cedebiyat\u00e7\u0131\u201d olarak onurland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 belki de sadece Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n takdir edebilece\u011fi bir \u015feydir. Kim bilir? Belki de k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, halen daha i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumsal k\u00fclt\u00fcrle yak\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r; san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve umuldu\u011fu kadar k\u00fcreselle\u015fmi\u015f de\u011fildir. Belki de tam bu y\u00fczden Nobel j\u00fcrisi bu gelene\u011fin en Avrupai, en k\u00fcresel ismine vermi\u015ftir \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc. Ayn\u0131 gelene\u011fin daha hard-core Amerikan bir temsilcisi se\u00e7ilecek olsa Bruce Springsteen ve Tom Waits gibi isimler de g\u00fcndeme gelebilirdi. Bak\u0131n as\u0131l o zaman nas\u0131l k\u0131z\u0131lca k\u0131yamet kopuyordu edebiyat d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda?<\/p>\n

Bize bu \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc verdi\u011finiz i\u00e7in… <\/strong><\/p>\n

Bizim gibi en az Amerikan halk sanat\u0131 kadar engin bir halk sanat\u0131 gelene\u011fi i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan bir toplumun bu \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc \u201csol\u201d bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr kavram\u0131n\u0131 tekrar tart\u0131\u015fma vesilesi yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ve A\u015f\u0131k Veysel ad\u0131na, Pir Sultan Abdal ad\u0131na, Karacao\u011flan ad\u0131na, Fakir Baykurt ve Ya\u015far Kemal ad\u0131na (akl\u0131n\u0131za gelen di\u011fer isimleri siz ekleyin) gururla kabul etmemiz gerekmez mi?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bizim gibi en az Amerikan halk sanat\u0131 kadar engin bir halk sanat\u0131 gelene\u011fi i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan bir toplumun Bob Dylan\u2019a verilen \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc \u201csol\u201d bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr kavram\u0131n\u0131 tekrar tart\u0131\u015fma vesilesi yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ve A\u015f\u0131k Veysel ad\u0131na, Pir Sultan Abdal ad\u0131na, Karacao\u011flan ad\u0131na, Fakir Baykurt ve Ya\u015far Kemal ad\u0131na gururla kabul etmemiz gerekmez mi? Bu y\u0131l\u0131n Nobel \u00f6d\u00fclleri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":482,"featured_media":14499,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[190,1464,545],"tags":[1645,275,503,460,343,629],"class_list":["post-14496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-153-sayi","category-dosya","category-edebiyat","tag-bob-dylan","tag-edebiyat","tag-gelenek","tag-kultur","tag-muzik","tag-nobel"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/482"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14496"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14496\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14499"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}