{"id":14697,"date":"2016-10-01T13:15:29","date_gmt":"2016-10-01T10:15:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=14697"},"modified":"2017-12-19T13:23:09","modified_gmt":"2017-12-19T10:23:09","slug":"bergsondan-mustafa-sekipe-gulme-hayvan-i-dahik-uzerine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/10\/01\/bergsondan-mustafa-sekipe-gulme-hayvan-i-dahik-uzerine","title":{"rendered":"Bergson\u2019dan Mustafa \u015eekip\u2019e \u2018G\u00fclme\u2019: \u2018Hayvan-\u0131 dahik\u2019 \u00fczerine"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201c<\/em>Hep biliriz ki yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na g\u00fclmek hayra alamet say\u0131lmaz. Bu o demektir ki g\u00fclmek, cemiyet i\u00e7inde ve cemiyetle olur. Burada g\u00fclmek s\u00e2ri, hatta mecburidir. Bir sohbet i\u00e7tima\u0131nda dostlar\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fclerken sizin somurtman\u0131z pek g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Sevdiklerimizi meclise g\u00fcler y\u00fczle kabul ederiz. Sayg\u0131s\u0131z yabanc\u0131 kimseleri de meclisimizden m\u00fcstehzi g\u00fclmekle ka\u00e7\u0131rt\u0131r\u0131z. \u015eu halde g\u00fclmek bir de i\u00e7timai bir kabul ve def aks\u00fclamelidir.\u201d<\/p>\n

G\u00fclme \u00fczerine Mustafa \u015eekip Tun\u00e7\u2019tan al\u0131nt\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu paragraf kendine Bergson\u2019un G\u00fclme <\/em>adl\u0131 eserinde e\u015f buluyor bile. Bergson \u201cYaln\u0131z bu ak\u0131l di\u011fer ak\u0131llarla ili\u015fki halinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d diyerek bir \u00f6n ko\u015fulu hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor. Bu \u00f6n ko\u015fulda, g\u00fclmenin yank\u0131lanmaya ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131ndan, yani insanlardan yal\u0131t\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden s\u00f6z ediyor.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00f6yle ki: \u201cYaln\u0131z bu ak\u0131l di\u011fer ak\u0131llarla ili\u015fki halinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r\u2026 E\u011fer yaln\u0131z ve di\u011fer insanlardan yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hissediyorsan\u0131z g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 olandan keyif alman\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. G\u00fclme yank\u0131lanmaya ihtiya\u00e7 duyar gibidir.\u201d(1)<\/p>\n

Hatta yank\u0131lanman\u0131n farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00f6rnek verecek olursak; Olympos Da\u011f\u0131\u2019nda \u015fim\u015fekler \u00e7o\u011funlukla tanr\u0131lar\u0131n kahkahalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f. Bunun benzeri bir bi\u00e7imi \u201c\u00e7ok g\u00fcl\u00fcnce\u201d k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015fey olaca\u011f\u0131 korkusu ile sert bir \u015feye vurulmas\u0131d\u0131r.(2)<\/p>\n

\u0130ki b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcn g\u00fclme konusundaki fikirleriyle ba\u015flamak \u015fu an sizlere sunulan kitap i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir noktay\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Kitab\u0131n \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde ge\u00e7en \u201cOkudu\u011fumuz kitap hem Bergson\u2019un, hem Mustafa \u015eekip Bey\u2019in kitab\u0131d\u0131r\u201d s\u00f6zleri ise bunun g\u00f6stergesidir. Kitab\u0131n giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, Bergson ve Mustafa \u015eekip Tun\u00e7\u2019un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u00fczerine Zeynep Tek\u2019in sorular\u0131 rehberli\u011finde Levent Bayraktar\u2019\u0131n cevaplar\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclmek ve kaynaklar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Bergson\u2019un \u201c\u0130nsanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015fey g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 de\u011fildir\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc temel alarak ilerlese de ard\u0131ndan g\u00fclmenin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca \u201cg\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7l\u00fck\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor. Birincisi \u201cg\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7l\u00fck\u201d olarak Bergson\u2019un daha \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcnde durdu\u011fu kavram, ikincisi ise ho\u015flanma, keyiflenme, hazlanma ve sevinme ile gelen g\u00fclmeler olarak ifade edilebilir.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca yazar a\u011flamak ve g\u00fclmenin kap\u0131 kom\u015fusu oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilece\u011fimizi ifade ediyor. Yani yazara g\u00f6re g\u00fclme a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir dereceye gelince \u0131st\u0131rap vermeye ba\u015flayarak kom\u015fusu olan a\u011flamay\u0131 uyand\u0131r\u0131yor da olabilir. Ard\u0131ndan g\u0131d\u0131klanman\u0131n da \u201csevin\u00e7 g\u00fclmeleri\u201d aras\u0131na kat\u0131labilece\u011finden bahsederken afyon, ha\u015fha\u015f, az miktarda alkol, \u015fampanya, asitkarbonik gibi toksik maddelerin de g\u00fcld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilgisini veriyor.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir \u00f6nemli nokta ise g\u0131d\u0131klanma ve ok\u015fanma durumlar\u0131nda birdenbire sevinecek olurlarsa maymunlar\u0131n da g\u00fclece\u011fi. Ama yazar daha \u00f6nce belirtti\u011fimiz g\u00fclmenin iki kayna\u011f\u0131ndan yaln\u0131zca birinde maymunlarla birle\u015fti\u011fimizi hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fclmenin ikinci kayna\u011f\u0131 olan g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 \u015feylere g\u00fclme yaln\u0131zca insanlarda vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclmek nedir? Ve kime g\u00fcl\u00fcyoruz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n en \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ise ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm olu\u015fturuyor. \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm Mustafa \u015eekip Bey\u2019in \u201cG\u00fclmek Nedir? Kime G\u00fcl\u00fcyoruz?\u201d <\/em>adl\u0131 eserinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz harflerine aktar\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131mdan d\u00fc\u015fen kelimeler ise asli yaz\u0131mlar\u0131yla verilmi\u015f. Asli yaz\u0131mlar\u0131yla verilen kelimeler i\u00e7in ise kitab\u0131n arka k\u0131sm\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bir s\u00f6zl\u00fck bulunmakta.<\/p>\n

Mustafa \u015eekip Bey \u00f6ns\u00f6ze \u015fu c\u00fcmle ile ba\u015fl\u0131yor: \u201cBu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kitap b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fclmek hadiselerini tetkik ve izah etmekten pek uzakt\u0131r.\u201d Mustafa \u015eekip Bey g\u00fclmenin hen\u00fcz bir ilim halini almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cserapa nazariye ve felsefe sistemleriyle\u201d a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n

Ard\u0131ndan g\u00fclme konusundaki en \u201cm\u00fctek\u00e2mil\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n Bergson\u2019un \u201cG\u00fclme\u201d eseri oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. En \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n Bergson\u2019a ait oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerken farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin bu konuda ne dediklerini \u201ccem etmeyi\u201d ihmal etmedi\u011fini de ekliyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclme \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan tespitlerin eksikli\u011finden bahseden Mustafa \u015eekip, Darwinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yan\u0131lg\u0131y\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle ifade ediyor: \u201cDarwin, g\u00fclmenin men\u015feini hayvanlara kadar indirmi\u015f ve insanlarla hayvanlar\u0131 bu hususta da akraba yapmaktan kendince tabii bir zevk duymu\u015ftur.\u201d Ard\u0131ndan bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn zahire aldand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, alelade dudaklar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fclmek zannetti\u011fini ifade ediyor. Ve bu \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn be\u015feriyette dalgal\u0131 bir umman\u0131n \u00fczerindeki beyaz k\u00f6p\u00fckler gibi yan\u0131p s\u00f6nen kahkaha ve tebess\u00fcmlerin ne derin mana ve meraretleri tazammun etti\u011finden bihaber ya\u015famak\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek ele\u015ftiriyor.<\/p>\n

Mustafa \u015eekip Bey Bergson\u2019un g\u00fclmeyi daha \u00e7ok sahne ve komedi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan inceledi\u011fini, kendisi ise konuyu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar milli hayat\u0131m\u0131za yakla\u015ft\u0131rmaya gayret etti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131ca terc\u00fcme de\u011fil bir adaptasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n

Mustafa \u015eekip Bey\u2019e g\u00f6re g\u00fclmenin kaynaklar\u0131 o kadar \u00e7oktur ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fclmeleri \u201cm\u00fc\u015fterek ve umumi bir sebep\u201d alt\u0131na toplamak ve hepsini bir \u201circa etmek\u201d m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Yani \u201chayvan-\u0131 dahik\u201di anlamak \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir u\u011fra\u015f alan\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak; Mustafa \u015eekip Tun\u00e7\u2019un 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan eseri, Latinize edilmi\u015f haliyle neredeyse y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra bizlerle bulu\u015fuyor. Kitap hem bu a\u00e7\u0131dan hem de Bergson\u2019un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini, Bergson\u2019un T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine etkilerini ve Mustafa \u015eekip Bey\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine giri\u015f niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yor olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. Mustafa \u015eekip Bey\u2019in sahip oldu\u011fu geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 psikoloji, sosyoloji ve felsefe birikimi, g\u00fclme konusundaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 daha de\u011ferli k\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00dcstelik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcze adaptasyonunu da hesaba katarsak, kitab\u0131n Latinize edilmesi literat\u00fcr a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir kazan\u0131m.<\/p>\n

– Bergson\u2019dan Mustafa \u015eekip\u2019e \u201cG\u00fclme\u201d, Zeynep Tek – Levent Bayraktar, Aktif D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2015, 220 s.<\/em><\/p>\n

Dipnotlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Henri Bergson, G\u00fclme<\/em>, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 2. Bas\u0131m, s.6.<\/p>\n

2) \u00c7a\u011fatay G\u00fcler, Bilge Ufuk G\u00fcler; 2010; Mizah, G\u00fclme ve G\u00fclme Bilimi.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cHep biliriz ki yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na g\u00fclmek hayra alamet say\u0131lmaz. Bu o demektir ki g\u00fclmek, cemiyet i\u00e7inde ve cemiyetle olur. Burada g\u00fclmek s\u00e2ri, hatta mecburidir. Bir sohbet i\u00e7tima\u0131nda dostlar\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fclerken sizin somurtman\u0131z pek g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Sevdiklerimizi meclise g\u00fcler y\u00fczle kabul ederiz. Sayg\u0131s\u0131z yabanc\u0131 kimseleri de meclisimizden m\u00fcstehzi g\u00fclmekle ka\u00e7\u0131rt\u0131r\u0131z. \u015eu halde g\u00fclmek bir de i\u00e7timai bir kabul […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":685,"featured_media":14698,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189,513,28],"tags":[1669,210,1670],"class_list":["post-14697","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-152-sayi","category-kitapcil","category-sosyal-bilimler","tag-gulme","tag-kitap","tag-komedi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t