{"id":15488,"date":"2016-06-01T12:52:19","date_gmt":"2016-06-01T09:52:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=15488"},"modified":"2018-01-02T12:54:12","modified_gmt":"2018-01-02T09:54:12","slug":"bir-felsefeci-yazar-ziya-somar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/06\/01\/bir-felsefeci-yazar-ziya-somar","title":{"rendered":"Bir felsefeci-yazar: Ziya Somar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. Ziya Somar, b\u00fct\u00fcnlenmemi\u015f yap\u0131tlar\u0131, \u00e7ok az bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f e\u011filimleriyle Panslavizm d\u00f6nemi Rus d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerine benzetilebilir. Onlar\u0131n Rusya\u2019da, kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gibi, Ziya Somar da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi kurulmas\u0131 idealine y\u00fcrekten ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ziya G\u00f6kalp\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine bu a\u00e7\u0131dan ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Ama G\u00f6kalp\u2019ci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri hi\u00e7bir zaman bir \u015foven ulusalc\u0131l\u0131k a\u015famas\u0131na varmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, daha \u00e7ok T\u00fcrk ulusunun kendini tan\u0131mas\u0131, kendini bulmas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck uluslarda oldu\u011fu gibi kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini yaratmas\u0131 idealist a\u015famalar\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mustafa \u015eekip Tun\u00e7\u2019un arkada\u015f\u0131yd\u0131 ve gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131nda Bergson idealist felsefesiyle ilgilenmi\u015fti. Ba\u015fka bir \u00e7eviri yap\u0131t\u0131 da <em>Alman Felsefe Tarihi<\/em>\u2019dir.<\/p>\n<p>Yay\u0131nlanabilmi\u015f telif yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131, kooperatif\u00e7ilik \u00fczerine bir ders kitab\u0131n\u0131 saymazsak <em>Yak\u0131n \u00c7a\u011flar\u0131n Fikir ve Edebiyat Tarihimizde \u0130zmir<\/em> ve <em>Tevfik Nevzat<\/em> olarak s\u0131ralayabiliriz.<\/p>\n<p><em>Yak\u0131n \u00c7a\u011flar\u0131n Fikir ve Edebiyat Tarihimizde \u0130zmir<\/em>, \u0130zmir kentindeki ilk edebiyat ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce k\u0131m\u0131ldan\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131yor, konuyu Halit Ziya U\u015fakl\u0131gil\u2019in yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etki \u00e7evresinde \u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Yap\u0131t 1944 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00fcnl\u00fc romanc\u0131 Halit Ziya Bey\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00fc\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce yay\u0131nlanmak olana\u011f\u0131 buldu, b\u00fcy\u00fck romanc\u0131n\u0131n eline de ge\u00e7ti. Halit Ziya Bey\u2019in, Ziya Somar\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 26.6.1944 tarihli mektuptan romanc\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131n son iki y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6zlerine \u201c\u00e2r\u0131z olan bir z\u00e2f-\u0131 r\u00fcyet sebebiyle\u201d okumaktan ve yazmaktan men edildi\u011fi, ancak yap\u0131t\u0131 okuyarak \u00e7ok m\u00fctehassis oldu\u011fu, on sekiz, yirmi d\u00f6rt ya\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131 gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00dcnl\u00fc romanc\u0131 \u201cG\u00f6zlerimi yumarak kendimi o cidal ve s\u00e2y y\u0131llar\u0131nda yeniden buldum\u201d diyor ve Edebiyat-\u0131 Cedide ile Servet-i F\u00fcn\u00fbn\u2019un ilk \u201cp\u0131nar\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u0130zmir\u2019de bulmu\u015f oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Fikir ve edebiyat tarihimizde \u0130zmir serisinin ikinci kitab\u0131, \u0130zmir\u2019in ilk fikir ve h\u00fcrriyet kurban\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nan Tevfik Nevzat\u2019\u0131n biyografisidir. Ziya Somar Hoca\u2019n\u0131n bu yap\u0131t\u0131 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmir\u2019de yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Tevfik Nevzat, 1897 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir gazete olarak \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 <em>Hizmet<\/em> gazetesinde, savundu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle, Nam\u0131k Kemal\u2019in Osmanl\u0131 cemiyetinde savundu\u011fu fikirleri izleyen bir \u201cH\u00fcrriyet\u00e7i\u201ddir. Tevfik Nevzat ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, \u0130zmir kentinde ilk T\u00fcrk matbuat\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015flar ve belki de o d\u00f6nemde, orada bir az\u0131nl\u0131k durumunda olan T\u00fcrklerin menfaat ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini savunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Halit Ziya Bey\u2019in yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 olan Tevfik Nevzat, daha sonra da <em>Ahenk<\/em> adl\u0131 ba\u015fka bir gazete daha yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015f, bir yandan Edebiyat-\u0131 Cedide ile Servet-i F\u00fcn\u00fbn\u2019un edebiyat ak\u0131mlar\u0131 olarak olu\u015fmas\u0131na yard\u0131m etti\u011fi gibi, o d\u00f6nemin h\u00fcrriyet ve me\u015frutiyet m\u00fccadelelerine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 kapitalizmin \u00f6nemli bir merkezi\u00a0 olan \u0130zmir\u2019de, kozmopolit ticaret kapitalizminin Avrupal\u0131 niteli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 bu gen\u00e7 ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n ulusalc\u0131 de\u011ferleri, Osmanl\u0131 aristokrat otoritarizmine kar\u015f\u0131 siyasal alanda liberalizmi, \u0130zmir\u2019deki egemen s\u0131n\u0131flara kar\u015f\u0131 da yeni g\u00fc\u00e7lenen ulusal burjuvaziyi savunduklar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Tevfik Nevzat \u201c&#8230;\u2018sevk-\u0131 siyaset ve maslahatta\u2019 devletin i\u015flerine \u2018\u00e2l\u00e2 kaderil-istilaa\u2019 yard\u0131m eden bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 de\u011fil, memleketin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, geriliklerini kavrayarak, a\u00e7\u0131k bir kanaatle, onu ilerletecek \u015fuurlu ve m\u00fcstakil bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kastediyor, onu harekete ge\u00e7irmek istiyordu.\u201d (Ziya Somar, <em>Tevfik Nevzat<\/em>, s.27) Tevfik Nevzat, Adana\u2019da s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeyken \u00f6ld\u00fc. (1908)<\/p>\n<p>Gerek Nam\u0131k Kemal\u2019ci h\u00fcrriyet\u00e7i fikirlerle beslenmi\u015f, gerekse Ziya G\u00f6kalp\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini \u015foven uzant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 reddederek kabul etmi\u015f, o d\u00f6nemin T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce insanlar\u0131n\u0131n, Cumhuriyet olgusuna -\u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir yeniden do\u011fu\u015f olarak- d\u00f6rt elle sar\u0131lmalar\u0131 ve Atat\u00fcrk devrimlerinden \u00e7ok \u015feyler beklemeleri kolayca anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Gene ayn\u0131 insanlar\u0131n, bu bile\u015fim (sentez) aramalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirli idealizmlere kendilerini ba\u011flamalar\u0131 da anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir \u015feydir. Ulusalc\u0131 burjuva, liberalizm, \u201ch\u00fcrriyet\u00e7ilik\u201d, bir ulusun kendisini bulmas\u0131 gibi ideallerin, hangi politikalarla, hangi ellerle kolayca yozla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ulusal burjuva yaratma politikalar\u0131n\u0131n ne t\u00fcrl\u00fc kapka\u00e7\u00e7\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle, yeniden nas\u0131l bir ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bu ideallerin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye gibi bir \u00fclkedeki g\u00fcc\u00fc, sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 bug\u00fcn sosyo-politik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerimizce \u015f\u00f6yle ya da b\u00f6yle ortaya konulmaktad\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu olu\u015fum, \u015fimdi yitirdi\u011fimiz Ziya Somar\u2019a da, Atat\u00fcrk d\u00f6nemi gen\u00e7 ayd\u0131nlar\u0131na da ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131nda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yabans\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, inan\u00e7s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, daha do\u011frusu inan\u00e7lar\u0131n yitirili\u015fini ve unutu\u015fu getirmi\u015ftir. Onlar, kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 har vurup harman savuran, kozmopolit, d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 arac\u0131 burjuvazinin tasfiyesinden y\u0131llarca sonra, gene gerici, tutucu, g\u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcz, gaddar bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n onun yerini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyerek derin bir hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyam\u0131zdan bir bir \u00e7ekip gidiyorlar. Ziya Somar Hoca da, bu gen\u00e7lik idealizmlerini ya\u015fay\u0131p, ard\u0131ndan hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve unutu\u015fa g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f Cumhuriyetin ilk d\u00f6nemi ayd\u0131nlar\u0131ndan biriydi. Yap\u0131t\u0131 eksik kalm\u0131\u015f bir T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131n\u0131 olarak hayat\u0131 \u00fczerine e\u011filmek, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sosyo-ekonomik ve politik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n grafi\u011finin izlenmesi olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 verecektir. Unutulu\u015f kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczene konulamamas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, T\u00fcrk toplumunun izledi\u011fi yanl\u0131\u015f grafikten geliyordu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ocukluk y\u0131llar\u0131m Ziya Somar Hoca\u2019n\u0131n evinde ge\u00e7en g\u00fcnlerle doludur. \u0130zmir\u2019de, Kar\u015f\u0131yaka\u2019da, sokaklar\u0131 ta\u015f d\u00f6\u015feli, bah\u00e7elerle \u00e7evrili, \u00e7i\u00e7ek kokan bir sokakta, orta halli bir Rum evi ans\u0131yorum. Kurtulu\u015f Sokak, ta\u015f d\u00f6\u015feli yollar, tek katl\u0131, iki katl\u0131 bah\u00e7eler i\u00e7inde, \u00e7i\u00e7eklerinin kokusu sokaklara ta\u015fan bir sokak. Bah\u00e7e kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p girerseniz, asmalarla okalipt\u00fcslerin, palmiye a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n doldurdu\u011fu sakin bah\u00e7eden, beton bir yolu izleyerek, onun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma odas\u0131n\u0131n, e\u015fsiz kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n soldaki zemin kat odada yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fczelim bir Rum evinin, caml\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00fcne\u015f vuran mozaikli ta\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na girersiniz. Ta\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6tesinde caml\u0131 bir giri\u015ften, evin iki kat\u0131 y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki geni\u015f\u00e7e bir yere \u00e7\u0131kars\u0131n\u0131z. Y\u00fcksekteki \u00e7at\u0131 camlarla kapl\u0131d\u0131r, yaz g\u00fcne\u015fini s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131r evin i\u00e7ine; orada gene caml\u0131 bir kap\u0131dan girilen bir mutfak vard\u0131r. Serin bir ta\u015fl\u0131ktan tahta bir merdiven evin \u00fcst kat odalar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. Tahta d\u00f6\u015feli, \u0130zmir\u2019in yaz s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irmeyen sel\u00e2ti odalar. Ziya Somar Hoca, alt katta, bah\u00e7eye do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131lan odas\u0131nda, ak\u015fam \u00fczeri tak\u0131m elbiselerini giyip, yakas\u0131na mendilini takarak, kravat\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flayarak s\u00fcslendi\u011fi, geni\u015f Yunanl\u0131 g\u00f6vdesiyle yan\u0131na kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p geceyi ya\u015famaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 zamana kadar orada \u015fimdi yabanc\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin elinde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f, basitle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve halka kar\u015f\u0131 bir politika haline getirilmi\u015f T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini aramaya gayret edecektir.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00fct\u00fcn o g\u00fczelim evlerin y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p, yerlerine blok apartmanlar\u0131n dikildi\u011fi gibi.<\/p>\n<p>(<em>Cumhuriyet<\/em>, 9 Aral\u0131k 1978, s.7)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. Ziya Somar, b\u00fct\u00fcnlenmemi\u015f yap\u0131tlar\u0131, \u00e7ok az bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f e\u011filimleriyle Panslavizm d\u00f6nemi Rus d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerine benzetilebilir. Onlar\u0131n Rusya\u2019da, kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gibi, Ziya Somar da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi kurulmas\u0131 idealine y\u00fcrekten ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ziya G\u00f6kalp\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine bu a\u00e7\u0131dan ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Ama G\u00f6kalp\u2019ci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri hi\u00e7bir zaman bir \u015foven ulusalc\u0131l\u0131k a\u015famas\u0131na varmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, daha \u00e7ok [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":689,"featured_media":15489,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[185,221,28],"tags":[1143,237,238,1790],"class_list":["post-15488","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-148-sayi","category-felsefe","category-sosyal-bilimler","tag-biyografi","tag-felsefe","tag-tarih","tag-ziya-somar"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15488","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/689"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15488"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15488\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15489"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15488"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15488"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15488"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}