{"id":15774,"date":"2016-05-01T12:04:58","date_gmt":"2016-05-01T09:04:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=15774"},"modified":"2018-01-04T12:05:10","modified_gmt":"2018-01-04T09:05:10","slug":"akpnin-sosyal-yardim-politikalarina-marksist-bir-yaklasim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/05\/01\/akpnin-sosyal-yardim-politikalarina-marksist-bir-yaklasim","title":{"rendered":"AKP\u2019nin sosyal yard\u0131m politikalar\u0131na Marksist bir yakla\u015f\u0131m"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Sosyal Yard\u0131m Rejiminin Olu\u015fumu<\/em>, Denizcan Kutlu\u2019nun doktora tezinin kitapla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hali. Sistematik ve \u00f6zverili bir u\u011fra\u015f\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011funu her sayfas\u0131nda belli eden, itinayla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir saha ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na dayanan, ger\u00e7ek insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam deneyimlerine odaklanan ve enformasyon yaymaya de\u011fil bilgi \u00fcretmeye y\u00f6nelik bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Sosyal Yard\u0131m Rejiminin Olu\u015fumu<\/em>, \u00f6zellikle sosyal politika alan\u0131nda dirsek \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcten akademisyen ve akademisyen adaylar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinde bulundurmas\u0131 gereken bir kitap. Ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 as\u0131l de\u011ferli k\u0131lan, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n akademik niteli\u011finden\/g\u00fcc\u00fcnden ziyade, akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fclen birtak\u0131m marazalardan kendini koruyabilmi\u015f olmas\u0131. \u00d6ncelikle, ortalamac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n makbul bir e\u011filim olarak kabul edildi\u011fi akademide, Kutlu kendini o makbul e\u011filimden korumay\u0131 ba\u015farabilmi\u015f, deyim yerindeyse, suya sabuna dokunmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015f. \u00d6rne\u011fin, siyasi \u00f6znelerin e\u011filimlerini, tercihlerini ve elbette bilin\u00e7li uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 analiz ederken, \u00e7o\u011fu muhalif akademisyenin her \u015feyi a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 -bu nedenle her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha az \u015fey anlatan- birtak\u0131m a\u015fk\u0131n neoliberalizm genellemelerine Kutlu\u2019nun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda rastlam\u0131yoruz. Neoliberalizm analitik bir kavram olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmakla birlikte Kutlu\u2019nun sosyal yard\u0131m rejiminin olu\u015fumu s\u00fcrecinde AKP\u2019nin oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasal rol\u00fc tespit etti\u011fini ve o rol\u00fcn dinselle\u015fmeyle olan ili\u015fkisini cesaretle dile getirdi\u011fini ifade etmek gerekir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kesinlikle \u00f6vg\u00fcy\u00fc hak ediyor. Di\u011fer yandan, akademinin \u00fczerine kara bir bulut gibi \u00e7\u00f6ken postmodern\/post-Marksist hegemonyan\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Sosyal Yard\u0131m Rejiminin Olu\u015fumu\u2019<\/em>nu tahakk\u00fcm\u00fc alt\u0131na alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu saptamaya y\u00f6nelik biri olgusal, di\u011feri ise daha kuramsal\/metodolojik iki noktadan bahsetmek gerekir. Kutlu (s.124-139) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda, h\u00e2kim paradigman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u201cele\u015ftirel ama hegemonik\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Politika Forumu etraf\u0131nda k\u00fcmelenen bir e\u011filimle de hesapla\u015fmaya giri\u015fiyor. Dahas\u0131, sosyal yard\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 \u00f6zelinde de olsa, geleneksel sol yakla\u015f\u0131m ile bu t\u00fcr yeni sol ya da post-Marksist olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek yakla\u015f\u0131mlar aras\u0131na bir \u00e7izgi \u00e7ekiyor. Bu hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz, g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gereken bir detay. Saptaman\u0131n kuramsal\/metodolojik y\u00f6n\u00fcne gelince, Kutlu\u2019nun sahadan toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 verileri, sadece toplan\u0131lan yere\/ki\u015filere ait veriler olarak ele al\u0131p, analizini bununla s\u0131n\u0131rlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131; bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, olgu aktar\u0131m\u0131yla yetinmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Kutlu mikro \u00f6l\u00e7ekli analizler yerine, akademide pek de pop\u00fcler olmayan bir yola girmi\u015f; bu do\u011frultuda teorik \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar ve soyutlamalar yapmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015f, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda da belirtti\u011fi \u00fczere, baz\u0131 analitik kavramlar geli\u015ftirmi\u015f ve bu yolla makro \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015fabilmeyi hedeflemi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Kendi ya\u011f\u0131nda kavrulmay\u0131 tercih eden ve iddias\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fctevaz\u0131l\u0131kla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran pek \u00e7ok akademisyenin aksine, Kutlu zor olan\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015f ve kitab\u0131 okuyanlar\u0131n g\u00f6rece\u011fi \u00fczere bunda da muvaffak olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Her biri farkl\u0131 bir soyutlama d\u00fczeyinde sosyal yard\u0131m rejimini konu alan ve d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Kutlu; birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, deyim yerindeyse, sosyal yard\u0131m\u0131n kavramsal arka plan\u0131n\u0131 ele alm\u0131\u015f. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm kapitalist \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri ile sosyal yard\u0131m nosyonu aras\u0131ndaki kavramsal ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm. Sosyal yard\u0131m nosyonunun, emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yeniden \u00fcretimi, yedek i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ordusu ve kapitalist birikim yasas\u0131 gibi Marksist kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmalar i\u00e7indeki yeri bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde tespit ediliyor. \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm sosyal yard\u0131mlar\u0131n tarihsel arka plan\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u201c\u0130ngiliz Yoksul Yasalar\u0131\u201dndan neoliberal evreye kadar her d\u00f6nemin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc sosyal politika ve sosyal yard\u0131m anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 tarihsel maddeci bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla okuyucuya aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmden itibaren ise \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcn yanlar\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Kutlu, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde neden \u201crejim\u201d ifadesini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayarak; politikalar toplam\u0131ndan ziyade, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir sosyal yard\u0131m rejiminden s\u00f6z etmenin neden gerekli oldu\u011fu sorusunu zengin kuramsal tart\u0131\u015fmalar e\u015fli\u011finde yan\u0131tl\u0131yor. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Kutlu, \u201cmuhafazak\u00e2r\u201d, \u201cliberal\u201d ve \u201cyeni sol\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131mlara kar\u015f\u0131, tarihsel maddecili\u011fe ve ekonomi politi\u011fe dayanan kendi kuramsal pozisyonunu olduk\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir \u015fekilde tarif etmi\u015f ve ard\u0131ndan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son b\u00f6l\u00fcme ge\u00e7mi\u015f. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcme sosyal yard\u0131m rejiminin genel kurumsalla\u015fma s\u00fcrecine dair bilgilendirici bir giri\u015fle ba\u015flayan yazar, AKP d\u00f6neminde in\u015fa edilen sosyal yard\u0131m rejiminin temel parametrelerini tespit ederek devam etmi\u015f. Kutlu\u2019nun \u201csosyal yard\u0131m rejiminin siyasalla\u015fmas\u0131, dinselle\u015fmesi ve neo-liberalizmle uyumlula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d olarak s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131 parametreleri tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken bu alandaki literat\u00fcre \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmeli. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n g\u00f6vdesini olu\u015fturan saha ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131ndan elde edilen veriler de yine ayn\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Yukar\u0131da da bahsedildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Sosyal Yard\u0131m Rejiminin Olu\u015fumu\u201dnda, olgu\/g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f aktar\u0131m\u0131ndan ibaret bir tart\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmemi\u015f; tam tersine, bireylerin g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam pratikleri teorik bir s\u00fczge\u00e7ten ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ve okuyucuya \u00f6yle ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bu kitap, Gamze Y\u00fccesan-\u00d6zdemir\u2019in kitap i\u00e7in kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ns\u00f6zdeki ifadesiyle, \u201cher \u00e7e\u015fit genelleme e\u011filimini alaya alma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi zihinleri ku\u015fat\u0131rken ve radikal demokrasinin tek s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak oldu\u011fu fikri kutsan\u0131rken, bize m\u00fcmk\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 zorlama ve ger\u00e7ek se\u00e7eneklerle donanma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 sunuyor.\u201d<\/p>\n

– T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Sosyal Yard\u0131m Rejiminin Olu\u015fumu, Denizcan Kutlu, NotaBene Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2015, 456 s.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Sosyal Yard\u0131m Rejiminin Olu\u015fumu, Denizcan Kutlu\u2019nun doktora tezinin kitapla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hali. Sistematik ve \u00f6zverili bir u\u011fra\u015f\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011funu her sayfas\u0131nda belli eden, itinayla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir saha ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na dayanan, ger\u00e7ek insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam deneyimlerine odaklanan ve enformasyon yaymaya de\u011fil bilgi \u00fcretmeye y\u00f6nelik bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Sosyal Yard\u0131m Rejiminin Olu\u015fumu, \u00f6zellikle sosyal politika alan\u0131nda dirsek \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcten akademisyen […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":509,"featured_media":15775,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[184,513,28],"tags":[548,334,1563,1839],"class_list":["post-15774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-147-sayi","category-kitapcil","category-sosyal-bilimler","tag-akp","tag-marksizm","tag-neoliberalizm","tag-sosyal-yardim"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t