{"id":15790,"date":"2016-05-01T12:28:03","date_gmt":"2016-05-01T09:28:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=15790"},"modified":"2018-01-04T12:34:22","modified_gmt":"2018-01-04T09:34:22","slug":"kemal-tahirin-bilime-sigmayan-sanati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/05\/01\/kemal-tahirin-bilime-sigmayan-sanati","title":{"rendered":"Kemal Tahir\u2019in bilime s\u0131\u011fmayan sanat\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cSanat\u0131n ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i roman kolu, kendi yasalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, salt tarihte, sosyolojide, felsefede, ruhbilimde de\u011fil, fizik, kimya gibi deneye dayananan bilimlerde bile, bilimin vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 son \u00e7izgileri, gene bu bilimlerin geli\u015fme kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n imk\u00e2nlar\u0131yla a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorundad\u0131r. Yoksa, Zola\u2019n\u0131n nat\u00fcralizmi gibi bilimin ard\u0131 s\u0131ra s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr, onun bulup ispatlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden, ayn\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde ispatlamak zorunda kal\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i roman, okuyucular\u0131na ger\u00e7eklerimiz \u00fcst\u00fcne kendi sosyal durumlar\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7le e\u011filmeyi, onlar\u0131 yeniden de\u011ferlendirmeyi teklif eder.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n

Kemal Tahir<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

Ortaokulu yeni bitirmi\u015ftim san\u0131r\u0131m. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r yaz tatillerimin tamam\u0131 k\u00f6yde ge\u00e7iyordu. Akasyalar\u0131n zay\u0131f yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n bile k\u0131p\u0131rdamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Temmuz s\u0131caklar\u0131nda, evin az kanall\u0131 televizyonunda oyalanacak bir \u015fey bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve bisiklet s\u00fcrmemin de ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 birka\u00e7 saat boyunca, \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131na a\u011fa\u00e7 g\u00f6lgesi d\u00fc\u015fen, serin bir oda bulup kitap okumay\u0131 tercih eder olmu\u015ftum. Odalardan birinde bir dolab\u0131n \u00fcstteki iki raf\u0131nda day\u0131m\u0131n \u00fcniversite y\u0131llar\u0131ndan kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etti\u011fim kitaplar\u0131ndan rasgele se\u00e7iyordum okuyacaklar\u0131m\u0131. G\u00fclmekten k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m Aziz Nesin\u2019in Bir S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn An\u0131lar\u0131<\/em> ve \u015eolohov\u2019un Vatan \u0130\u00e7in D\u00f6v\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler<\/em>\u2019i, Ya\u015far Kemal\u2019in \u00c7ak\u0131rcal\u0131 Efe<\/em>\u2019si gibi kahramanl\u0131k anlat\u0131lar\u0131 da bittikten sonra geriye pek bir \u015fey kalmam\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131 ki, s\u0131ra ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla daha az ilgi \u00e7eken kitaplara gelmi\u015f. Kemal Tahir\u2019in Sa\u011f\u0131rdere<\/em>\u2019sini elimde g\u00f6ren teyzem \u201cHo\u015funa gidiyor mu ger\u00e7ekten, k\u00fcf\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr o adam\u0131n kitaplar\u0131, her \u015fey adl\u0131 ad\u0131nca…\u201d demi\u015f, y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ek\u015fitmi\u015fti, benim o ya\u015fta okumamdan pek ho\u015flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belli etmek istercesine. Halbuki kitaptaki k\u00f6yl\u00fcler bizimkiler gibi Trakya \u015fivesiyle konu\u015fmuyorlard\u0131 ama, \u201cadl\u0131 ad\u0131nca\u201d denebilecek b\u00fct\u00fcn argo benim ak\u015fam \u00fcstleri okul bah\u00e7esinde top oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, k\u00f6y kahvesinde gen\u00e7, ya\u015fl\u0131 erkeklerin konu\u015ftu\u011fundan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 de\u011fildi. Yine de zaten k\u00f6yde s\u0131k\u0131lan bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun pek ilgisini \u00e7ekmemi\u015fti Kemal Tahir\u2019in k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri.<\/p>\n

\u00dcniversite y\u0131llar\u0131mda tekrar \u00f6n\u00fcme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 Tahir. Yorgun Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131<\/em>, Esir \u015eehrin \u0130nsanlar\u0131<\/em>, Yol Ayr\u0131m\u0131<\/em>, Kurt Kanunu<\/em>, Bir M\u00fclkiyet Kalesi<\/em>. T\u00fcrkiye tarihi, toplumu \u00fczerine \u00f6zg\u00fcn s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleyen kim varsa, zaman zaman kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yer al\u0131p ac\u0131mas\u0131zca ele\u015ftirse de, bir noktadan sonra beni tekrar tekrar ona g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Sonralar\u0131 \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi sosyoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile tan\u0131\u015fmam bamba\u015fka kap\u0131lar aralad\u0131; dallan\u0131p budakland\u0131 bendeki Kemal Tahir. Art\u0131k baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131ma \u015fans\u0131na da sahip oldu\u011fum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan \u00fcyeleri bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 ya\u015fayan ve \u00fcretmeye devam eden, ku\u015faklara yay\u0131lan geni\u015f bir aileyi hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum onun ismiyle birlikte. Baykan Sezer, Ertan E\u011fribel ve Ufuk \u00d6zcan, Kurtulu\u015f Kayal\u0131, Recep Ert\u00fcrk, Cahit Tanyol, Selahattin Hilav, Do\u011fan Ergun, Metin Erksan, Halit Refi\u011f ilk akl\u0131ma gelenler.<\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeme Notos \u00d6yk\u00fc<\/em> dergisi Nisan – May\u0131s say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kapak dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Kemal Tahir\u2019e ay\u0131rmas\u0131 sebep oldu. Dergi i\u00e7inde yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 sayfaya yay\u0131lan dosya, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Kemal Tahir\u2019in roman anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, roman\u0131n\u0131 dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih ve toplum g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ve \u00f6zel olarak Kurt Kanunu<\/em>, Yorgun Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131<\/em>, Devlet Ana<\/em> hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ele\u015ftirel denemelerden olu\u015fuyor. Ayr\u0131ca Kemal Tahir\u2019in T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyle ilgili 1956 tarihli bir soru\u015fturmaya geni\u015f yan\u0131t\u0131na ve Devlet Ana<\/em> \u00fczerine kendisiyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, roman anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 da i\u00e7eren 1968 tarihli bir r\u00f6portaja yer verilmi\u015f. \u00d6zellikle dikkatimi \u00e7eken iki yeni yaz\u0131 oldu. Do\u011fan H\u0131zlan yumu\u015fak \u00fcslubuyla ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ki\u015fisel tan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131ndan dem vuran, son y\u0131llardaki Can D\u00fcndar belgesellerinin moda etti\u011fi tabirle \u201cinsan\u201d Kemal Tahir\u2019i anlatan, ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise Tahir\u2019in niyetini ve farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, bu niyetin yarg\u0131lamak, h\u00fck\u00fcm vermek yerine soru sormak, yeni bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmak oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir yaz\u0131 kaleme alm\u0131\u015f. Ek olarak yazar\u0131n daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc baz\u0131 yay\u0131nlardan bahsetmi\u015f. Tarih disiplininden bir akademisyen olarak konuya edebiyat\u0131n \u00e7er\u00e7evesinden bakmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan dikkate de\u011fer ikinci yaz\u0131 ise Duygu K\u00f6ksal\u2019\u0131nki. Romanlar\u0131ndan hareketle Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131nda devlet ve toplumun y\u00f6netim tarz\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u015fekillenenle ili\u015fkileri \u00fczerine baz\u0131 tespitleriyle birlikte Kemal Tahir\u2019in \u201ckerim devlet\u201d, \u201cdo\u011funun savunucusu olarak Osmanl\u0131\u201d gibi tezlerinin indirgemecilikle ele al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n, dil, kurgu ve karakterleriyle T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmesine sebep oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131s\u0131nda. O\u011fuz Atay\u2019\u0131n da Kemal Tahir ve Roman Gelene\u011fimiz<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131yla daha 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tahir\u2019in edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7indeki yerini ve \u00f6nemini ana hatlar\u0131yla \u00e7izdi\u011fini g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Edebiyat\u0131n i\u00e7inden g\u00f6r\u00fcnen Hilmi Yavuz, \u00d6mer T\u00fcrke\u015f ve Alper Ak\u00e7am ise, maalesef Tahir\u2019in romanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek yerine toplum ve tarih g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine el atm\u0131\u015flar. \u201cMarksist miydi, Osmanl\u0131c\u0131 m\u0131yd\u0131, de\u011fil miydi?\u201d perspektifini a\u015famay\u0131p, Tahir hakk\u0131nda olu\u015fmu\u015f bunca literat\u00fcr\u00fc de bir kenara koyup, b\u00fct\u00fcn basma kal\u0131p d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri tekrar ederek, dosyan\u0131n en zay\u0131f yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kaleme alm\u0131\u015flar. Baz\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frular\u0131n\u0131 dosyan\u0131n di\u011fer yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda bulmak dahi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Madem ki konu edebiyatla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmay\u0131p tarih ve toplum g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri de tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131, fikir hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fi \u00fczerinde de durulsayd\u0131 ke\u015fke. Kemal Tahir ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir romanc\u0131 olmak niyetiyle bu toplumu yazmaya kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6ncelikle toplum ve insan bilimlerinin Bat\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n y\u00fczeysel aktar\u0131mlar\u0131yla T\u00fcrk toplumunu a\u00e7\u0131klayamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 tespit etmi\u015fti. Romanlar\u0131ndaki bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 zenginli\u011fiyle ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalarda, T\u00fcrk toplumunun Bat\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 pek \u00e7ok toplum gibi \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir tarihinin olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, bu \u00f6zg\u00fcn tarihin miras\u0131 baz\u0131 yap\u0131sal \u00f6zelliklerininse medeniyetler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin ve toplumlar\u0131n bu ili\u015fkilerde oynad\u0131klar\u0131 rol\u00fcn irdelenerek ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilece\u011fini savlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Romanlar\u0131n\u0131 kenar\u0131ndan k\u00f6\u015fesinden \u00e7eki\u015ftirerek de olsa \u201cbildi\u011fimiz\u201d bilime h\u00e2l\u00e2 s\u0131\u011fd\u0131ram\u0131yor olu\u015fumuzun, bu durumun baz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sinirlendirmesinin nedeni de belki budur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cSanat\u0131n ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i roman kolu, kendi yasalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, salt tarihte, sosyolojide, felsefede, ruhbilimde de\u011fil, fizik, kimya gibi deneye dayananan bilimlerde bile, bilimin vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 son \u00e7izgileri, gene bu bilimlerin geli\u015fme kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n imk\u00e2nlar\u0131yla a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorundad\u0131r. Yoksa, Zola\u2019n\u0131n nat\u00fcralizmi gibi bilimin ard\u0131 s\u0131ra s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr, onun bulup ispatlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden, ayn\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde ispatlamak zorunda kal\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i roman, okuyucular\u0131na ger\u00e7eklerimiz […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":15791,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[184,545,513,515],"tags":[275,1843,1508],"class_list":["post-15790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-147-sayi","category-edebiyat","category-kitapcil","category-nautilus","tag-edebiyat","tag-kemal-tahir","tag-kitapcil"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t