{"id":15952,"date":"2016-04-01T12:21:51","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T09:21:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=15952"},"modified":"2018-01-05T12:27:00","modified_gmt":"2018-01-05T09:27:00","slug":"fukusima-nukleer-santral-kazasinin-5-yilinda-gecmis-ve-gelecegin-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/04\/01\/fukusima-nukleer-santral-kazasinin-5-yilinda-gecmis-ve-gelecegin-ozeti","title":{"rendered":"Fuku\u015fima n\u00fckleer santral kazas\u0131n\u0131n 5. y\u0131l\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve gelece\u011fin \u00f6zeti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Japonya\u2019da 11 Mart 2011\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc karay\u0131k\u0131m (felaket) ya\u015fand\u0131: 1) B\u00fcy\u00fck deprem (9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ilk kez) 2) Tsunami ve 3) Fuku\u015fima n\u00fckleer santral kazas\u0131<\/p>\n

1970\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n, General Electric, Fuku\u015fima n\u00fckleer santrallar\u0131 zaten ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan beri sorunluydu! Reakt\u00f6rleri TEPCO \u015firketi i\u015fletiyordu. Reakt\u00f6rlerin t\u00fcm\u00fc kaynamal\u0131 sulu cinstendi. ilk 4\u2019\u00fc 760 MWe (elektriksel) g\u00fc\u00e7teydi. Son 2 reakt\u00f6r 1067 ve 1325 MWe g\u00fcc\u00fcndeydiler.<\/p>\n

Fuku\u015fima reakt\u00f6rlerinin, reakt\u00f6r binalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen \u2018koruyucu kab\u0131n\u0131n\u2019 (containment), b\u00fcy\u00fck bir reakt\u00f6r kazas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak y\u00fcksek bas\u0131nca dayanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha 1970\u2019de ABD Atom Enerjisi Kurumu uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir teknik raporla a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ve bunun yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini bildirmi\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme sistemi yap\u0131lmadan reakt\u00f6rler i\u015fletmeye a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. General Electric, o y\u0131llarda kurdu\u011fu reakt\u00f6rlerle birlikte bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yapsayd\u0131, bunun hem pahal\u0131ya mal olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hem de g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm (image) yitirece\u011fini hesaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kiler kat\u0131ndaki ivedi elektrik \u00fcrete\u00e7lerinin de sular alt\u0131nda kalabilece\u011fi, uzmanlarca bir\u00e7ok kez a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bunlar \u00fcst katlara hem yer sorunu oldu\u011fundan hem de ek gider olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda TEPCO elemanlar\u0131 16 y\u0131l boyunca teknik raporlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek sistemlerdeki ar\u0131za ve kazalar\u0131 gizledikleri, d\u00fczmece raporlar haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca santrallar durduruldu, ancak 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda baz\u0131 d\u00fczeltmelerden sonra tekrar i\u015fletildi.<\/p>\n

Kazadan 10 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce ise \u00e7e\u015fitli aletlerin, pompalar\u0131n ve dizelli elektrik \u00fcrete\u00e7lerinin 11 y\u0131ld\u0131r bak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n tam yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama ald\u0131ran olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u0131sacas\u0131, kaza geliyorum diyordu.<\/p>\n

\"\"
S\u0131v\u0131 ve kat\u0131 at\u0131k depo\/tanklar\u0131yla santral alan\u0131 (foto\u011fraftaki gibi) dolmu\u015f durumda.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Fuku\u015fima\u2019da bug\u00fcn durum<\/strong>?<\/p>\n

Radyoaktif maddelerden temizleme, y\u0131kama, barikat kurma, binalar\u0131 kaps\u00fclleme ve reakt\u00f6rleri so\u011futma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

S\u0131v\u0131 ve kat\u0131 at\u0131k depo\/tanklar\u0131yla santral alan\u0131 (foto\u011fraftaki gibi) dolmu\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

Reakt\u00f6rlerin \u00e7evresindeki alan ancak 30-40 y\u0131lda temizlenebilecek ve bunun 100 milyar dolar\u0131 ge\u00e7ece\u011fi kestiriliyor.<\/p>\n

380.000 ki\u015fi evlerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlardan 130.000\u2019i n\u00fckleer santral\u0131n 20 km \u00e7evresinden geliyor (Ev ve bah\u00e7elerine radyoaktif Sezyum 137 bula\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu). Radyoaktif sezyumun epey temizlendi\u011fi yerlerde tekrar yerle\u015fim yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Ancak bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi, \u2018fazla radyasyonlu b\u00f6lge\u2019 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri eski oturduklar\u0131 yerlere, yetkililerin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na pek g\u00fcvenemediklerinden, tekrar d\u00f6nmeye \u00e7ekiniyor.<\/p>\n

Toplam 1 milyon kadar ev oturulamaz durumda. Deprem ve tsunami sonucu 16.000 ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi, 3200 ki\u015fi de kay\u0131p.<\/p>\n

Santral\u0131n10-20 km \u00e7evresi kazadan hemen sonra bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u00c7ernobil\u2019deki durumun aksine insanlar gereksiz yere radyasyon dozu almad\u0131lar. \u00c7ernobil\u2019de ise, kaza gizlendi\u011finden, ilk 3 g\u00fcnde y\u00fcksek iyot 131 dozu nedeniyle, daha sonraki y\u0131llarda, \u00e7ocuklarda tiroit kanseri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Fuku\u015fima kazas\u0131ndan hemen sonra b\u00f6lgenin bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu fazla radyasyon dozu alan ve radyasyondan \u00f6len olmad\u0131. Ancak evlerinden uzakla\u015fmak zorunda kalan baz\u0131 ki\u015filerde depresyon ve travma nedeniyle \u00f6lenlerin 1000\u2019i a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, kan\u0131tlanamasa da, medyada yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Japonya\u2019da bug\u00fcn n\u00fckleer santrallar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Deprem an\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 1, 2 ve 3 nolu reakt\u00f6rler otomatikman durduruldu. Ancak n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcnme \u00fcr\u00fcnleri (radyoaktif maddeler) sald\u0131klar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlarla ortam\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tmaya <\/strong>devam ettiklerinden, daha y\u0131llarca so\u011futulmalar\u0131 gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n

Deprem ve tsunami sonucu santralda elektrikler kesilmi\u015fti. Y\u00fcksek Gerilim Hatlar\u0131 kopmu\u015f, dizelli ivedi elektrik \u00fcrete\u00e7lerini tsunami sular\u0131 bas\u0131p i\u015flemez duruma getirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Japon h\u00fck\u00fcmeti , \u00fclkedeki toplam 54 n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rden, o g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 43 reakt\u00f6r\u00fc 11 Mart 2011 kazas\u0131ndan sonra durdurdu. Bug\u00fcn Japonya\u2019da sadece g\u00fcneydeki Sendai\u2019de 2 reakt\u00f6r tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. 23 reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn i\u015fletilmesi i\u00e7in yetkili kurumlara ba\u015fvurulmu\u015f olup bunlar i\u00e7in ilgili denetim ve yarg\u0131 yollar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Kazadan \u00f6nceki 54 reakt\u00f6r, \u00fclkenin elektrik gereksiniminin y\u00fczde 30\u2019unu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u0130\u015fletmeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lanlar sonucu ileride 43 reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn Japonya\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bekleniyor. Bunlar\u0131n tekrar i\u015fletmeye a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in Japonya\u2019da n\u00fckleer kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 git gide destek buluyorlar.<\/p>\n

Japonya\u2019 da bug\u00fcn yeni bir n\u00fckleer santral\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 ise s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ancak art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerinin yerine getirilebilmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131m\u0131 gecikiyor.<\/p>\n

Not<\/strong>: Bu konuda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler ve kaynaklar Bilim ve Gelecek<\/em>\u2019in Nisan 2015 tarihli 134. say\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Japonya\u2019da 11 Mart 2011\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc karay\u0131k\u0131m (felaket) ya\u015fand\u0131: 1) B\u00fcy\u00fck deprem (9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ilk kez) 2) Tsunami ve 3) Fuku\u015fima n\u00fckleer santral kazas\u0131 1970\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n, General Electric, Fuku\u015fima n\u00fckleer santrallar\u0131 zaten ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan beri sorunluydu! Reakt\u00f6rleri TEPCO \u015firketi i\u015fletiyordu. Reakt\u00f6rlerin t\u00fcm\u00fc kaynamal\u0131 sulu cinstendi. ilk 4\u2019\u00fc 760 MWe (elektriksel) g\u00fc\u00e7teydi. Son 2 reakt\u00f6r 1067 ve 1325 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":560,"featured_media":15953,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[183,217,535],"tags":[711,827,1506],"class_list":["post-15952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-146-sayi","category-cevre-bilimleri","category-forum","tag-fukushima","tag-nukleer","tag-nukleer-santral"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/560"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15952"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15952\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}