{"id":16151,"date":"2016-03-08T16:39:56","date_gmt":"2016-03-08T14:39:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=16151"},"modified":"2018-01-08T16:50:39","modified_gmt":"2018-01-08T13:50:39","slug":"mineral-tozlari-ve-sagligimiz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/03\/08\/mineral-tozlari-ve-sagligimiz","title":{"rendered":"Mineral tozlar\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z"},"content":{"rendered":"

Toz<\/em>, partik\u00fcl<\/em>\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 100 mikrometreden daha az olan havada as\u0131l\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n genel ad\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 tozlar\u0131n solundu\u011funda hastal\u0131k yapma \u00f6zelli\u011fi oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Lifsi<\/em>\u00a0mineraller<\/em>\u00a0ve bunlar\u0131n tozlar\u0131 ile di\u011fer baz\u0131 minerallerin tozlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda do\u011frudan solunum yolundan v\u00fccuda girerek \u00e7o\u011funlukla solunum sistemi hastal\u0131klar\u0131na neden olurlar. <\/em><\/p>\n

Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde dola\u015fan tozlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu canl\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n r\u00fczg\u00e2rlarla ta\u015f\u0131nabilir olmalar\u0131 gezegeni sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve ye\u015fil tutar. Bulutlar \u00e7e\u015fitli tozlar\u0131n \u00e7evresinde yo\u011fu\u015fmu\u015f su damlac\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6bekleri oldu\u011fundan, tozun azl\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde bulutlar\u0131n da az olmas\u0131 demektir. Yere d\u00fc\u015fen kaya tozlar\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u0131ss\u0131z baz\u0131 yerlerindeki canl\u0131lar\u0131 besler.(1)<\/sup> Sahra\u2019dan ve Arabistan\u2019dan kalkan toz bulutlar\u0131, Karadeniz\u2019de planktonlar\u0131, planktonlar da bal\u0131klar\u0131 besler. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n baz\u0131 yerlerinde toprak katman\u0131 ve besin kayna\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 tozlar\u0131n solundu\u011funda hastal\u0131k yapma \u00f6zelli\u011fi oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Lifsi\u00a0mineraller\u00a0ve bunlar\u0131n tozlar\u0131 ile di\u011fer baz\u0131 minerallerin tozlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda do\u011frudan solunum yolundan v\u00fccuda girerek \u00e7o\u011funlukla solunum sistemi hastal\u0131klar\u0131na neden olurlar.(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Toz<\/strong>\u00a0tan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Toz, partik\u00fcl\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 100 mikrometreden daha az olan havada as\u0131l\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n genel ad\u0131d\u0131r. Organik\u00a0ve inorganik\u00a0maddelerin \u00e7e\u015fitli etkilere maruz kalarak \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve hafif par\u00e7ac\u0131klara b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle olu\u015fan ve havada as\u0131l\u0131 durabilen kat\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar toz olarak kabul edilmekte olup, k\u00f6kenler farkl\u0131 olabilir.(3)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\"\"
Bantl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc krizotil asbest lifleri (beyaz k\u0131s\u0131mlar).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Solunabilir toz:<\/strong> Aerodinamik e\u015fde\u011fer \u00e7ap\u0131 0,1-5,0 mikrometre b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kristal veya amorf yap\u0131da toz ile \u00e7ap\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 mikrondan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, uzunlu\u011fu \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n en az \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131 olan lifsi tozlar\u0131 ifade eder. (4) <\/sup>G\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda farkl\u0131 renkteki bir fonda 10 mikrometre ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck tanecikler g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. I\u015f\u0131kland\u0131rmas\u0131 tam olmayan karanl\u0131k ortamlarda 100 mikron ve alt\u0131ndaki taneler g\u00f6r\u00fclemez. 10 mikrometre boyutundaki bir silisyum par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 1 cm\/s h\u0131zla d\u00fc\u015fer. Bu tanecik hava ak\u0131m\u0131yla 100 m uzakl\u0131\u011fa, 1 mikrometre b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki tanecikler ise 10 km\u2019den daha uzun mesafelere ta\u015f\u0131nabilir.(5)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Toz \u00e7e\u015fitleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tozlar kimyasal yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re iki temel gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Birinci grupta demir, k\u00f6m\u00fcr, asbest, eriyonit, \u00e7imento tozu vb. inorganik\u00a0yap\u0131da olan tozlar, di\u011fer grupta ise pamuk tozu, \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 tozu, mantar\u00a0sporu, k\u00fcmes hayvan\u0131 t\u00fcy\u00fc vb. organik\u00a0yap\u0131da olan tozlar yer al\u0131r. Havada durabilen tozlara \u00f6rnek olarak da \u00e7imento, demir tozu, al\u00fcminyum\u00a0tozlar\u0131 \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir.(2,3)<\/sup><\/p>\n

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Lifler.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tozlar biyolojik etkilerine g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131flanabilir.(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Fibrojenik tozlar (solunum sistemine zararl\u0131 olanlar):<\/strong> Silis\u00a0(kuvars), silikatlar (asbest, eriyonit, talk, mika), berilyum, kalay, demir, k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00a0(linyit, antrasit, bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015fist).<\/p>\n

Fibrojenik olmayan tozlar:<\/strong> Baryum, selenyum, demir \u00a0tozlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kanserojen tozlar:<\/strong> Radyum, asbest, eriyonit, nikel, krom\u00a0tozlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Zehirli tozlar<\/strong>\u00a0(organ ve dokularda toksik etki):<\/strong> Berilyum, arsenik, kur\u015fun, uranyum, radyum, toryum, krom, vanadyum, c\u0131va, kadmiyum, antimon, mangan, tungsten, nikel ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f tozlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Pneumonitis<\/strong>:<\/strong> Al\u00fcminyum\u00a0ve mangan tozlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Radyoaktif tozlar<\/strong>\u00a0(\u03b1 ve \u03b2 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 nedeniyle zararl\u0131 olanlar):<\/strong> Uranyum, radyum ve toryum tozlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Patlay\u0131c\u0131 tozlar<\/strong>\u00a0(havada s\u00fcspansiyon halindeyken yanabilenler):<\/strong> Metalik tozlar (magnezyum, al\u00fcminyum, \u00e7inko, kalay, demir), k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00a0(bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015fist ve linyit), polonyum-210, pirit\u00a0ve organik\u00a0tozlar.<\/p>\n

Az zararl\u0131 tozlar:<\/strong> Jips, kaolen\u00a0ve kalsit.<\/p>\n

Allerjik tozlar<\/strong>\u00a0(organik<\/strong>\u00a0tozlar):<\/strong> Pamuk, \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve tohum tozlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Eriyonit mineralleri i\u00e7eren pomza par\u00e7al\u0131 volkanik t\u00fcf kayas\u0131 (Tuzk\u00f6y-G\u00fcl\u015fehir).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tozlar ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa etkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tozlar\u0131n akci\u011ferlerde hastal\u0131k olu\u015fturabilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcyle hem toza hem de ki\u015fiye ait baz\u0131 \u00f6zellikler \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Tozlara ili\u015fkin \u00f6zellikler aras\u0131nda tozun boyutu, onu ta\u015f\u0131yan atmosferik ko\u015fullar ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r h\u0131zlar\u0131, uzakl\u0131k, da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m alan\u0131, fibrojenik\u00a0potansiyel, ortamdaki yo\u011funluk, depolanma nitelikleri bulunur. Ki\u015fiye ait \u00f6zellikler aras\u0131nda da ki\u015finin genetik yap\u0131s\u0131, sigara al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, di\u011fer solunum sistemi rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vb. \u00f6zellikler s\u00f6z konusudur.(2)<\/sup> Akci\u011ferlerde hastal\u0131k olu\u015fmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcyle 0,1-5 mikron aras\u0131ndaki fibrojenik \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131yan ve akci\u011ferlerde depolanan tozlar \u00f6nemlidir. Tozlarla olu\u015fan akci\u011fer\u00a0hastal\u0131klar\u0131 sigara kullanan ve genetik yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan ki\u015filerde daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Pn\u00f6mokonyoz (akci\u011fer toz hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131), akci\u011ferlerde tozun birikmesi sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan doku reaksiyonu ile olu\u015fan hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade eder.(12, 13, 14<\/sup>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde kanserojen \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan tozlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda asbest ile eriyonit lif ve tozlar\u0131 gelmektedir. Bunlardan ba\u015fka kuvars, demir, talk, beril, barit, mangan, al\u00fcminyum vb. mineral tozlar\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k riski ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Mineral d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak k\u00f6m\u00fcr tozu \u00f6zellikle k\u00f6m\u00fcr madencili\u011fi faaliyetlerinde sa\u011fl\u0131k riski olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Eriyonit mineral i\u011fneciklerinin taramal\u0131 elektron mikroskop (SEM) g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Asbest mineralleri toz ve lifleri, akci\u011fer kanseri ve mezotelyoma<\/strong>: Asbest mineralleri, az silisli ve \u00e7ok silisli kaya\u00e7lar i\u00e7inde damar ve a\u011f \u015feklinde bulunabilirler. Serpantin grubundan ba\u015fl\u0131ca lifsi krizotil ile amfibol\u00a0grubuna ba\u011fl\u0131 antofillit, tremolit, aktinolit, amosit, krosidolit\u00a0mineralleri say\u0131labilir.(6, 7)<\/sup> Asbest mineral lifleri ve tozlar\u0131n\u0131n solunumuna ba\u011fl\u0131 akci\u011fer\u00a0hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6nemli bir sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunu oldu\u011fu bilinir. Asbest\u00a0liflerinin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f ortam yoluyla solunmas\u0131 sonucu akci\u011fer zar\u0131nda kire\u00e7lenme ve kal\u0131nla\u015fma, su toplanmas\u0131, malign\u00a0mezotelyoman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kar\u0131n zar\u0131 kanserine neden oldu\u011fu da ortaya konmu\u015ftur. (8, 9, 10, 11)<\/sup> \u00d6zellikle amfibol\u00a0asbest grubu minerallerden aktinolit, tremolit\u00a0ve krosidolit\u00a0liflerinin, krizotil asbest\u00a0liflerine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha kanserojen oldu\u011fu da belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Talk tozu ve talkozis:<\/strong> Talk\u0131n y\u00fczde 63\u2019\u00fc silisyum dioksittir. Talk\u00a0madenlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarda, talk tozu, insanlar\u0131n akci\u011ferlerinde t\u0131pk\u0131 asbest\u00a0tozlar\u0131 gibi pn\u00f6mokonyoza yol a\u00e7abilmektedir. Bu olaya talkozis denir.(3)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Vermik\u00fclit tozu:<\/strong> Vermik\u00fclit; pulsu yap\u0131da olup, tozlar\u0131 asbest\u00a0tozu kadar etkili olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Eriyonit minerali tozu ve mezotelyoma: <\/strong>Eriyonit, zeolit\u00a0grubu minerallerden birisi olup, volkanik t\u00fcf kayas\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunur. (Atabey 2009) Eriyonit minerali kapal\u0131 tuzlu sulu g\u00f6llerde \u00e7\u00f6kelen volkanik malzemenin g\u00f6l suyu ile kimyasal tepkimesi sonucu olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r (Atabey 2009). Eriyonit mineral i\u011fneciklerinin (tozlar\u0131) solunum yollar\u0131na kolayca girip, derinliklere kadar gidebilmesi, orada hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmeden kalabilmesi ve kimyasal yap\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle akci\u011fer\u00a0ve kar\u0131n zar\u0131nda mezotelyoma\u00a0denilen kanser t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilir.(8, 9, 10, 11, 12)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Kuvars tozu ve silikozis:<\/strong> Silikozis kuvars kristalleri tozlar\u0131n\u0131n (kristallerinin) solunmas\u0131 sonucu meydana gelen bir pn\u00f6mokonyoz t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Silis\u00a0kristallerinin en \u00e7ok bilinen t\u00fcrleri kuvars\u00a0tridimit ve kristobalittir. Solunarak akci\u011fer\u00a0parankimine ula\u015fan toz orada makrofajlar taraf\u0131ndan fagosite edilir. Bir s\u00fcre sonra bu makrofaj \u00f6l\u00fcr fakat a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan tozu ba\u015fka makrofajlar i\u00e7ine al\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde akci\u011ferde toza kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli bir reaksiyon olu\u015fur. Bu reaksiyon, sonunda kollajen liflerde artmaya ve fibrozise yol a\u00e7ar. Meydana gelen fibrotik odaklara silikotik nod\u00fcl ad\u0131 verilir. Nod\u00fcller ilk olarak terminal hava yollar\u0131 \u00e7evresinde olu\u015fur. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00e7ok ufak olan nod\u00fcller zamanla birbirleri ile birle\u015ferek daha b\u00fcy\u00fck nod\u00fcllere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir.(<\/sup>11,3<\/sup>)<\/sup> Silikosiz, pn\u00f6mokonyozlar\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanan akci\u011ferin toz hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan en h\u0131zl\u0131 seyredip ve \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olanlar\u0131ndan biridir. Solunabilir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki (0,5-5 \u00b5m \u00e7apl\u0131) silis partik\u00fcllerinin solunmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan, \u00e7o\u011funlukla radyografiyle saptanabilen bir akci\u011fer\u00a0hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. En tipik g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc basit silikozis ve progresif masif fibrozisdir (klasik silikozis).(12)<\/sup> Di\u011fer radyografik g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleri silikoproteinozis ya da akut\u00a0silikozistir. Klinik olarak da kronik, akselere ve akut olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 formu vard\u0131r. Kronik formda akci\u011fer belirtileri, toza maruz kalman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan en erken 15 y\u0131l sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.(10)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\"\"
Pomza taneleri.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pomza, perlit, diyatomit tozlar\u0131:<\/strong> Bazik ponza bile\u015fimleri y\u00fczde 49, ham perlitin y\u00fczde 73, diyatomit kaya\u00e7lar\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 86-94 silis i\u00e7erir. Ponza ve perlitin ocaklarda ve perlit i\u015fleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda silis tozu bile\u015fiminde bulunan silis silikozise (akci\u011ferlerin tahribi) yol a\u00e7abilir. Diyatomit ocaklardan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131rken ve i\u015fleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda silis tozlar\u0131na maruz kal\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Demir tozu ve siderosiz:<\/strong> Demir cevheri i\u015fletmesi ve \u00e7evreye yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 toz sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkiler. Demir en \u00e7ok silikat\u00a0tozlar\u0131yla al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Tel lehimcili\u011fi, demir\u00a0ve \u00e7elik levhac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f temizleyicili\u011fi i\u015flerinde rastlan\u0131l\u0131r. Demir tozlar\u0131 ya da bunlar\u0131n oksitlerinin solunum yoluyla al\u0131nmas\u0131yla siderozis olu\u015ftu\u011fu, siderozis vakas\u0131nda solunum yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rselendi\u011fi, sar\u0131 balgam \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bazen kronik\u00a0bron\u015fit g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirtilmektedir.(3)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Beril tozu ve berilyosiz: <\/strong>Do\u011fada alt\u0131gen kristaller olarak bulunan berilyum bir al\u00fcminyum\u00a0silikatt\u0131r. Berilyum tozlar\u0131, mineralin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fyerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarda, i\u015f ortamlar\u0131nda, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin giysilerinde, ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131nda ortama yay\u0131lmalar\u0131nda ve fabrikalar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu y\u00f6relerde ya\u015fayanlarda hastal\u0131klara neden olur. Berilyum tozlar\u0131n\u0131n solunmas\u0131yla \u015fu hastal\u0131kler olu\u015fabilir: Yo\u011fun beril tozu solumas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl akci\u011fer\u00a0\u00f6demi, deri belirtileri ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Deride, k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k, pap\u00fcl, vezik\u00fcl ve gran\u00fcloma olu\u015fumu, kronik berilyosis hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.(3, 13)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Mangan tozu ve manganosiz:<\/strong> Mangan i\u015fletmeleri \u00e7evresinde ya\u015fayan halk bunun tozlar\u0131ndan olumsuz etkilenebilir. Akci\u011ferler yoluyla a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 mangan tozu al\u0131m\u0131 madencilerde beyin hasarlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilmektedir. Parkinson hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na benzer geri \u00e7evrilemez bir beyin hasar\u0131 geli\u015febilir.(3)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Al\u00fcminyum tozu ve al\u00fcminozis:<\/strong> Belirli sanayi faaliyetleri ve madencilik yoluyla v\u00fccuda al\u0131nan al\u00fcminyum\u00a0sonucunda akci\u011fer\u00a0fibrozu olu\u015ftu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015ftir.(13)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Baryum tozlar\u0131:<\/strong> Baryum\u00a0tozlar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bron\u015f iltihab\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bozukluklara yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n

Kaolen tozu ve kaolinosiz:<\/strong> Kaolen ocaklar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarda, kaolen tozlar\u0131n\u0131n kaolinozise yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.(3)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Krom tozu:<\/strong> Krom madenlerinde asbest riski ve mezotelyoma olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Olivin tozu:<\/strong> Olivin tozu pn\u00f6mokonyoz riski ta\u015f\u0131yabilir.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr tozu ve antrokozis:<\/strong> K\u00f6m\u00fcr tozu silisyuma g\u00f6re daha az da olsa patojendir. K\u00f6m\u00fcr tozu y\u00fczde 1-2 oran\u0131nda silisyum i\u00e7erir. K\u00f6m\u00fcr madenlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlardan kazmac\u0131lar, la\u011f\u0131mc\u0131lar, k\u00f6m\u00fcr y\u00fckleyiciler en fazla k\u00f6m\u00fcr tozuna maruz kalanlar olup, k\u00f6m\u00fcr i\u015f\u00e7isi pn\u00f6mokonyozuna yakalanmaktad\u0131rlar.(14)<\/sup> K\u00f6m\u00fcr \u0130\u015f\u00e7isi Pn\u00f6mokonyozu (K\u0130P) inorganik k\u00f6m\u00fcr tozlar\u0131n\u0131n solunarak depolanmalar\u0131 ve doku reaksiyonu sonucu olu\u015fan parankimal akci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00f6m\u00fcr madencileri mesleksel \u00f6zellikler nedeniyle bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131k i\u00e7in risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131rlar.(14)<\/sup> \u00d6zellikle y\u00fczeysel k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenlerinde i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresince silika ve karbon partik\u00fcllerine maruz kal\u0131rlar.(14)<\/sup> Antrakozis solunum yoluyla al\u0131nan k\u00f6m\u00fcr taneciklerinin akci\u011fere destek dokusunda depolanmas\u0131yla olu\u015fur. Antrakozis solunum yollar\u0131nda tahri\u015fe, siyah balgamla birlikte, kronik bron\u015fite neden olmaktad\u0131r.(14)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Dipnotlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Holmes, H. 2003. Tozun gizli hayat\u0131. T\u00dcB\u0130TAK Pop\u00fcler Bilim Kitaplar\u0131 (\u00c7ev: Ebru K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7). 337s.<\/p>\n

2) Bilir, N. ve Y\u0131ld\u0131z, A. N. 2005. H\u00dc T\u0131p Fak. D\u00f6nem III, 2003-2004 \u00f6\u011fretim y\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ders 4, Mesleksel akci\u011fer\u00a0hastal\u0131klar\u0131.<\/p>\n

3) Atabey, E. 2009. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de asbest, eriyonit, kuvars ve di\u011fer mineral tozlar\u0131 ve etkileri. MTA Yerbilimleri ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Serisi: 6, 191s. ISBN:978-605-4075-44-7 Ankara.<\/p>\n

4) Resmi Gazete Tarih: 05.11.2013 Say\u0131: 28812: Tozla M\u00fccadele Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi.<\/p>\n

5) Ert\u00fcrk, A. 2006. \u0130\u015f ortam\u0131nda inorganik\u00a0toz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri. Meslek Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015ftay\u0131 Bildirileri. Ankara.<\/p>\n

6) Atabey, E. 2005. T\u0131bbi Jeoloji. TMMOB Jeoloji M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131: 88, 194s. Ankara.<\/p>\n

7) Atabey, E. 2007. Mihal\u0131\u00e7\u00e7\u0131k\u00a0(Eski\u015fehir) ile Bekilli\u00a0(Denizli) y\u00f6resi lifsi amfibol\u00a0asbest\u00a0olu\u015fumlar\u0131 ve akci\u011fer\u00a0kanseri ili\u015fkisi (Mezotelyoma). 60. T\u00fcrkiye Jeoloji Kurultay\u0131 Bildiri \u00f6zleri kitab\u0131, 286-288. 16-20 Nisan, 2007 Ankara.<\/p>\n

8) Bar\u0131\u015f, Y. \u0130. 1987. Asbestos and erionite related chest diseases, Semih Ofset Matbaas\u0131, 1987. Ankara.<\/p>\n

9) Bar\u0131\u015f, Y. \u0130. 1994. Bu doktoru rehin alal\u0131m: Anadolu\u2019da bir kanser ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, 110s., Kent Matbaas\u0131, 1994. Ankara.<\/p>\n

10) Bar\u0131\u015f, Y. \u0130. 2003. \u201cAnne Bana Kerpeteni Getir\u201d Anadolu\u2019nun bitmeyen akci\u011fer\u00a0ve kar\u0131n zar\u0131 kanseri. 224s., Bilimsel T\u0131p Yay\u0131nevi, 2003. Ankara.<\/p>\n

11) Bar\u0131\u015f, Y. \u0130. 2005. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de asbest\u00a0ve eriyonit\u00a0sorunu ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na etkileri (mesotelyoma). 1.T\u0131bbi Jeoloji\u00a0Sempozyumu Bildiri \u00d6zleri, TMMOB jeoloji M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131 yay\u0131nlar\u0131: 95, 53-64, Ankara.<\/p>\n

12) Akkurt, \u0130. \u015eim\u015fek, C., Erdem, N., Kele\u015fo\u011flu, A., Sevgi, E., Ard\u0131\u00e7, S., Alt\u0131n\u00f6rs, M. ve Sab\u0131r, H. 2006. Pulmonary findings in foundary workers. T. Klin T\u0131p Bilimleri,17,28-31.<\/p>\n

13) Bar\u0131\u015f, Y.\u0130. ve Atabey, E. 2009. \u00c7evresel ve mesleksel hastal\u0131klar. Bursa Verem sava\u015f derne\u011fi yay\u0131n\u0131.<\/p>\n

14) Kart, L. 2008. K\u00f6m\u00fcr i\u015f\u00e7isi pn\u00f6mokonyozu. Uluslararas\u0131 Kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 T\u0131bbi Jeoloji\u00a0Sempozyum Kitab\u0131 (Ed. E\u015fref Atabey), 47-49, YMGV Yay\u0131n\u0131, ISSN: 978-975-7946-33-5. \u0130stanbul.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Toz, partik\u00fcl\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 100 mikrometreden daha az olan havada as\u0131l\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n genel ad\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 tozlar\u0131n solundu\u011funda hastal\u0131k yapma \u00f6zelli\u011fi oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Lifsi\u00a0mineraller\u00a0ve bunlar\u0131n tozlar\u0131 ile di\u011fer baz\u0131 minerallerin tozlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda do\u011frudan solunum yolundan v\u00fccuda girerek \u00e7o\u011funlukla solunum sistemi hastal\u0131klar\u0131na neden olurlar. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde dola\u015fan tozlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu canl\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n r\u00fczg\u00e2rlarla ta\u015f\u0131nabilir olmalar\u0131 gezegeni sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve ye\u015fil […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":16152,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[182,217,33,232],"tags":[198,1126,338,425,1896,1185],"class_list":["post-16151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-145-sayi","category-cevre-bilimleri","category-saglik-bilimleri","category-yerbilimleri","tag-cevre","tag-hava","tag-mineraloji","tag-saglik","tag-toz","tag-yeryuzu"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t