30 y\u0131ld\u0131r i\u00e7erde var olan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131, askeri ve siyasal \u00e7abalarla sonuca vard\u0131ramam\u0131\u015fken, ABD\u2019nin Afganistan\u2019\u0131, ard\u0131ndan Irak\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgali, Arap isyanlar\u0131, Ukrayna\u2019daki toplumsal yar\u0131lma ve Rusya ile AB\u2019nin n\u00fcfuz m\u00fccadelesi, Suriye i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi saymakla bitmeyecek k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 etki aras\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcll\u00fck g\u00fclistanl\u0131k kalmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyen var m\u0131yd\u0131 bilemiyorum. Kald\u0131 ki etraf\u0131m\u0131zda s\u00fcren bu \u00e7eki\u015fmelerin \u00e7o\u011funun i\u00e7erde de toplumsal siyasal kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara aktif veya pasif tutumlarla taraf olan g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131 mevcut. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r istibdat r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131 estiren ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131da Suudi Arabistan\u2019la birlik olup eline \u00e7akmak verilmi\u015f \u00e7ocuk misali oray\u0131 buray\u0131 tutu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki tek parti iktidar\u0131 da cabas\u0131. Bu ortamda kitaplardan, dergilerden s\u00f6z etmek kolay de\u011fil belki, ama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n da bundan ka\u00e7\u0131nmamak oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u0130nsan kendinden ne kadar uzakla\u015fabilir ki? G\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u00f6kmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l yok sayabilir? Denemeli mi? Belki denememeli.<\/p>\n
Isl\u0131k \u00e7alarak kayg\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131 bast\u0131rmaya, endi\u015felerimizi yok saymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya y\u00f6nelik de\u011fil gayretim. Okuma tercihleri, okur davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi, dergi okuru, kitap okuru ayr\u0131m\u0131\u00a0 gibi konulara kafa yormak amac\u0131yla eski kitaplar\u0131m\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken Hermann Hesse\u2019in bas\u0131l\u0131r bas\u0131lmaz al\u0131p keyifle okudu\u011fum \u00d6ld\u00fcrmeyeceksin<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 denemelerine gitti elim. Hesse\u2019in okuyucular\u0131 kitaplarla kurduklar\u0131 ili\u015fki bi\u00e7imine g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7e ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131; a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir \u015feyler at\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r gibi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel eksikli\u011fini hissetti\u011fi baz\u0131 bo\u015fluklar\u0131 doldurmak i\u00e7in se\u00e7ti\u011fi kitaplar\u0131 apar topar g\u00f6vdeye indirenleri safdil okur olarak birinci gruba; kitap ve yazar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda muzip bir \u00e7ocuk edas\u0131yla oyun oynamaya, yap\u0131t\u0131n yazar\u0131n zaaflar\u0131n\u0131 yakalamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan zeki okurlar\u0131 ikinci; kendini e\u011fitmek veya e\u011flenmek amac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen, okudu\u011fu kitap kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z \u00f6zg\u00fcr, \u201cki\u015filik sahibi\u201d sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 okurlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc gruba yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fi denemesini tart\u0131\u015fabilirdim. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 her yarg\u0131y\u0131 usavurup \u00fczerinde dikkatle duran, onu kendi hayat\u0131nda veya g\u00f6zlemledi\u011fi \u00e7evresinde s\u0131nayan, fakat Goethe\u2019nin bir \u015fiiri ile bir gazete ilan\u0131na ayn\u0131 merakla yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 dikkatle i\u00e7selle\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in aralar\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 pek de \u00f6nemsemeyerek genel anlamda bilinen \u201ciyi okur\u201d vas\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilemeyecek bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc tip okurun yan\u0131nda saf tutuyordu Hesse. Hayatla, d\u00fcnyayla kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fki bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok bu okuru tutmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenini ayn\u0131 kitapta yer alan bir ba\u015fka denemesinde daha etrafl\u0131ca izah ediyordu: \u201cKitaplar varsa, bu, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 insanlar\u0131 daha da ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 k\u0131lmak, hele ya\u015fam g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun ki\u015filere ucuzundan yalanc\u0131 ve yedek bir ya\u015fam sunmak i\u00e7in de\u011fildir. Tersine, kitaplar\u0131 de\u011ferli k\u0131lacak tek \u015fey, insanlar\u0131 \u00e7ekip ger\u00e7ek ya\u015famdan i\u00e7eri ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131, ya\u015fama hizmet edip ona yarar\u0131 dokunmas\u0131d\u0131r; okuyucuya bir g\u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, bir gen\u00e7le\u015fme sezgisini, yeni bir zindelik esintisini sa\u011flamayacak t\u00fcm okumalarla ge\u00e7en saatler \u00e7ar \u00e7ur edilmi\u015f demektir.\u201d<\/p>\n Sonras\u0131nda Stefan Zweig\u2019\u0131n Yar\u0131n\u0131n Tarihi<\/em>\u2019ndeki \u201cD\u00fcnyaya A\u00e7\u0131lan Kap\u0131 Olarak Kitap\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 denemesinde, gemi yolculu\u011fu esnas\u0131nda okuma bilmeyen bir gen\u00e7le kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hayretle kendisini \u00f6nce okuma bilmeyen biri olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi denemesini; ba\u015faramay\u0131nca da hayat\u0131n\u0131n kitaps\u0131z nas\u0131l olabilece\u011fini hayal etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatabilirdim. Bu deneyi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Zweig, \u201cYa\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131m okuduklar\u0131md\u0131r\u201d dercesine seyahat g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131nda bulunan Cezayir ve Tunus\u2019u d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmez okuduklar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan binlerce \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bir anda nas\u0131l zihnine \u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlat\u0131r. Kitaps\u0131z bir hayat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015flerken ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 deh\u015feti ifade etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Zweig\u2019\u0131n bu endi\u015fesinin onu Herman Hesse\u2019e g\u00f6re hangi tip okura yakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgulayabilirdim belki. \u0130ki yazar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndaki farklar\u0131 belirlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirdim. Daha sonra s\u0131ra elbette Cemil Meri\u00e7\u2019in Bu \u00dclke <\/em>kitab\u0131nda \u201cDergi, H\u00fcr Tefekk\u00fcr\u00fcn Kalesi\u201d isimli sevdi\u011fim denemesine, kitapla dergiyi kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, okumak \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc di\u011fer yaz\u0131lar\u0131na, Peyami Safa\u2019n\u0131n okuyucu olmay\u0131 neden \u201csanat\u201d sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131na da gelecekti.<\/p>\n Olmad\u0131. Hesse\u2019in 1919\u2019da s\u0131k\u0131 bir aleyhtar olarak I. Sava\u015f \u00fczerine yazd\u0131klar\u0131nda tak\u0131ld\u0131m kald\u0131m. Kitaba ad\u0131n\u0131 veren denemesi de bunlardan biriydi. Sava\u015f\u0131 do\u011fal bir durum olarak g\u00f6renleri yads\u0131maz, k\u0131sacas\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n sava\u015f olarak tan\u0131mlanabilece\u011fine kat\u0131l\u0131r Hesse. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak hayli zordur ona g\u00f6re. \u201cTan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, yaln\u0131zca aray\u0131p bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, yaln\u0131zca sezgilerimizde ya\u015fayan bir \u015feydir\u201d der bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in. \u201cBar\u0131\u015f bir idealdir, dile gelmez \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde karma\u015f\u0131k bir nesnedir, \u015f\u00f6yle bir \u00fcflemek can\u0131na okumaya yeter\u201d, fakat maymundan insan olmaya do\u011fru giden yolun \u00fczerine birka\u00e7 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce insanl\u0131k, \u015fu temel yasay\u0131 koymu\u015ftur: \u201c\u00d6ld\u00fcrmeyeceksin!\u201d Hakl\u0131 olan\u0131n gelecek oldu\u011funu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve inan\u00e7 oldu\u011funu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnyay\u0131 besleyen itici g\u00fcc\u00fc bunlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011funu s\u00f6yler Hesse. \u201cCan\u0131na k\u0131yd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z o kadar \u00e7ok \u015fey var ki!\u201d der. Kendileri i\u00e7in uygun olmayan meslekler se\u00e7meye zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda yetenekli gen\u00e7leri \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc s\u00f6yler \u00f6rne\u011fin. Yoksulluklar, \u00e7aresizlikler, y\u00fcz k\u0131zart\u0131c\u0131 durumlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6zlerimizi yumarak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyoruzdur ona g\u00f6re. Ya\u015fama kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar, hoyrat davran\u0131\u015flar, umursamazl\u0131k ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamalar, \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir der. \u0130\u00e7inde ya\u015fan\u0131lan zaman gibi gelece\u011fin de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fini iddia eder. \u201cBiraz espriyle kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ku\u015fkuya ba\u015fvurularak gen\u00e7 bir insanda bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelece\u011fin can\u0131na okunabilece\u011fini\u201d s\u00f6yler. Ona g\u00f6re ya\u015fam bekliyordur bizi, gelecek \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7\u0131yordur, oysa biz hep biraz\u0131n\u0131 alg\u0131l\u0131yoruzdur bunun, pek \u00e7ok \u015feyi ayaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n alt\u0131nda ezip ge\u00e7iyor, ad\u0131m ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyoruzdur. Bu nedenle t\u00fcm ilerlemelere, insan olmaya y\u00f6nelik t\u00fcm \u00e7abalara e\u015flik eder bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131: \u201c\u00d6ld\u00fcrmeyeceksin!\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r i\u00e7erde var olan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131, askeri ve siyasal \u00e7abalarla sonuca vard\u0131ramam\u0131\u015fken, ABD\u2019nin Afganistan\u2019\u0131, ard\u0131ndan Irak\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgali, Arap isyanlar\u0131, Ukrayna\u2019daki toplumsal yar\u0131lma ve Rusya ile AB\u2019nin n\u00fcfuz m\u00fccadelesi, Suriye i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi saymakla bitmeyecek k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 etki aras\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcll\u00fck g\u00fclistanl\u0131k kalmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyen var m\u0131yd\u0131 bilemiyorum. Kald\u0131 ki etraf\u0131m\u0131zda s\u00fcren bu \u00e7eki\u015fmelerin \u00e7o\u011funun […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":16211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[182,545,513,515],"tags":[1906,275,238],"class_list":["post-16210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-145-sayi","category-edebiyat","category-kitapcil","category-nautilus","tag-denemeler","tag-edebiyat","tag-tarih"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/74"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16210"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16210\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}