{"id":16399,"date":"2016-02-01T12:53:48","date_gmt":"2016-02-01T10:53:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=16399"},"modified":"2018-01-10T12:59:11","modified_gmt":"2018-01-10T09:59:11","slug":"zizek-osmanlilar-ve-modern-oryantalizm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/02\/01\/zizek-osmanlilar-ve-modern-oryantalizm","title":{"rendered":"Zizek, Osmanl\u0131lar ve modern oryantalizm"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Sloven entelekt\u00fcel Slavoj Zizek\u2019in 21 Ekim 2015 tarihinde Med Nu\u00e7e TV<\/em>\u2019ye verdi\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 r\u00f6portaj, bu pop\u00fcler filozof hakk\u0131nda bir \u015feyler yazmak i\u00e7in uzun s\u00fcredir arad\u0131\u011f\u0131m motivasyonu bana sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Slavoj Zizek t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada adeta bir rock y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 muamelesi g\u00f6ren, kendine has fanatik bir hayran kitlesi olan, eskilerin tabiriyle \u201cnevi \u015fahs\u0131na m\u00fcnhas\u0131r\u201d ilgin\u00e7 bir ki\u015filik. Marksist k\u00f6kenden gelen ancak \u015fu an itibariyle ideolojik olarak hi\u00e7bir kal\u0131ba uymayan bu dikkat \u00e7ekici d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, gerek T\u00fcrkiye gerekse di\u011fer Do\u011fulu \u00fclkelere y\u00f6nelik ilgin\u00e7 tespitleri nedeniyle son y\u0131llarda sol kesimin a\u011f\u0131r salvolar\u0131na maruz kal\u0131yor. \u00d6yle ki Zizek, Do\u011fu\u2019ya dair yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her a\u00e7\u0131klamayla daha \u00e7ok ki\u015finin \u00f6fkesine hedef oluyor ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sol cenahta dikkat \u00e7ekici bi\u00e7imde azal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Zizek ne yaz\u0131k ki, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bin bir emekle olu\u015fturdu\u011fu karizmatik ve sayg\u0131n duru\u015funu, son 4-5 y\u0131ldaki skandal a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131yla yerle bir etmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. \u00d6zellikle pek \u00e7ok e\u011fitimli gencin bir kahraman olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu ilgin\u00e7 ki\u015filik, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede alayc\u0131 ele\u015ftirilere maruz kal\u0131r hale geldi.<\/p>\n

Bu durumun en temel sebebi, Zizek\u2019in pek \u00e7ok Avrupal\u0131 ayd\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen, ancak her ne hikmetse sadece Do\u011fu\u2019ya dair olgular s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kan, kibirli tavr\u0131. Zizek\u2019in Do\u011fu\u2019ya dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 dinledi\u011fimizde, konuyla ilgili bilgi birikiminin son derece yetersiz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Zizek\u2019in Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya, T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne, \u0130slamiyet\u2019e, K\u00fcrt halk\u0131na ve Arap topluluklar\u0131na dair bilgisi son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyede. \u00d6yle ki, Do\u011fu\u2019yla ilgili yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi yorumlar, kahvehane sohbetlerinin ve muhafazak\u00e2r toplumlarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fclen komplo teorisyencili\u011finin sadece birka\u00e7 g\u00f6mlek \u00fcst\u00fcnde kal\u0131yor. Zizek, Do\u011fu\u2019yla ilgili konu\u015furken hi\u00e7bir bilimsel temele dayanmadan, tamamen kulaktan dolma bilgilerle yorumlar yap\u0131yor. \u00dcstelik bu yorumlar\u0131 yaparken son derece iddial\u0131 bir \u00fcslup kullan\u0131yor ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 ayd\u0131nlarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u201cBu i\u015fleri en iyi ben bilirim\u201d tavr\u0131ndan \u00f6rnekler sunuyor. Zizek yeterince h\u00e2kim olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konularda konu\u015furken frene basma ihtiyac\u0131 hissetmiyor. Sonu\u00e7ta, bu durumdan sadece muhafazak\u00e2rlar kazan\u00e7l\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Zizek ve neo-Osmanl\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zizek\u2019in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de muhafazak\u00e2rlar\u0131n radar\u0131na girmesi, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda verdi\u011fi bir r\u00f6portajla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. (1) Radikal<\/em> gazetesine konu\u015fan Sloven entelekt\u00fcel, bol bol Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 \u00f6vd\u00fc ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc bir toplum yaratmak i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminin \u00f6rnek al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Zizek \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130slam her zaman ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc bir din oldu; 18. ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelen Avrupal\u0131 gezginler, buradaki dini ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcden \u015fa\u015fk\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015flerdi. \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle de Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, \u00f6zg\u00fcn haliyle ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcye sahip olmak anlam\u0131nda, \u00e7ok gerilere giden bir tarihi var. E\u011fer \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fck konusunda bir \u015fey \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyorsak, sizin tarihinize bakmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k olarak s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum\u2026 T\u00fcrkiye nas\u0131l b\u00f6yle ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcz bir toplum haline geldi? 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019ya bakt\u0131n\u0131z. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk ve J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler Bat\u0131\u2019y\u0131 taklit edip modern bir ulus devlet olmay\u0131 istediklerinde, T\u00fcrkiye ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fckle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

Zizek, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda H\u00fcrriyet<\/em>\u2019e verdi\u011fi r\u00f6portajdaysa (2) daha da ileri gitti ve \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<\/p>\n

\u201cOsmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 bitiren, \u00e7ok fazla a\u00e7\u0131k ve toleransl\u0131 bir rejim olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ben bu tolerans\u0131 takdir etti\u011fimi s\u00f6ylemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum.\u201d<\/p>\n

Zizek\u2019in Osmanl\u0131 sistemini \u00f6vmesi ve buradan yola \u00e7\u0131karak Osmanl\u0131-tipi \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe \u00f6vg\u00fcler d\u00fczmesi a\u00e7\u0131k bir bilgisizli\u011fin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olsa gerek. Zira Osmanl\u0131 devletinin ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011fu ve bu ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc d\u00fczenin Cumhuriyet rejimi ile sona erdi\u011fi arg\u00fcman\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u0130slamc\u0131lar\u0131n onlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bilimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir iddiad\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 devlet ve toplum sistemini biraz incelemi\u015f herkes, o me\u015fhur Osmanl\u0131 ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn sadece resmi tarihte yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bilimsel anlamda neredeyse hi\u00e7bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gayet iyi bilir.<\/p>\n

Zizek\u2019in bu ilgin\u00e7 iddialar\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar pek \u00e7ok tarih\u00e7i, sosyolog ve siyaset bilimci taraf\u0131ndan ele\u015ftirildi; ancak Zizek tavr\u0131ndan taviz vermedi. Sloven d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, 21 Ekim 2015\u2019te verdi\u011fi r\u00f6portajda (3) \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<\/p>\n

\u201cK\u00fcrtlerin ve Ermenilerin katledilmesi, geleneksel T\u00fcrk barbarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil. Son zamanlarda, J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla oldu bunlar. Bunlar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin modernle\u015fmesiyle oldu. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc devlete nazaran az\u0131nl\u0131klara ve farkl\u0131 gruplara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok daha ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Sorunlar J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerle ba\u015flad\u0131… K\u0131sa bir zaman \u00f6nce bir Frans\u0131z\u2019\u0131n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolculu\u011fun an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 okudum. O zamanki \u0130stanbul\u2019u \u00e7ok daha toleransl\u0131 tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Sokakta hahamlar\u0131 ve papazlar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlat\u0131yor. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n milliyet\u00e7i Avrupa\u2019s\u0131na g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul, daha ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc. E\u011fer [AKP\u2019liler] Osmanl\u0131 saltanat\u0131na d\u00f6nmek istiyorlarsa, bu kanun ve geleneklere geri d\u00f6ns\u00fcnler.\u201d<\/p>\n

Zizek ve Gezi \u0130syan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zizek\u2019in Do\u011fu hakk\u0131ndaki cehaletine ra\u011fmen y\u00fcksek perdeden konu\u015fmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi Gezi Protestolar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda da kendini g\u00f6sterdi. Aral\u0131k 2013\u2019te, verdi\u011fi r\u00f6portajda Zizek, AKP\u2019lilerin olduk\u00e7a ho\u015funa gidecek \u015feyler s\u00f6yledi ve Gezi \u0130syan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n AKP\u2019nin \u00fclkeye kazand\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 sayesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme imk\u00e2n\u0131 buldu\u011funu iddia etti. (4) Zizek \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n

\u201cHen\u00fcz zengin olmasan\u0131z da 30 y\u0131l \u00f6nceye oranla durumunuz \u00e7ok iyi. O zaman protesto neden? \u0130nsanlar i\u015fler berbatken isyan etmez. Devrimler, ayaklanmalar hi\u00e7bir zaman b\u00f6yle ba\u015flamaz. Tersine, hayat iyile\u015firken beklentiler artar\u2026 T\u00fcrkiye geli\u015fti ve standartlar\u0131 y\u00fckseldi\u2026 \u0130lerleme sayesinde [\u0130nsanlar] hassasiyet geli\u015ftirdiler.\u201d<\/p>\n

San\u0131r\u0131m bu s\u00f6zleri okuduktan sonra Zizek\u2019in neden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u0130slamc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan son y\u0131llarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla referans g\u00f6sterildi\u011fini anlayabiliriz. Zizek\u2019in Osmanl\u0131 ve \u0130slamiyet \u00f6vg\u00fcleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de siyasal iktidar i\u00e7in o kadar faydal\u0131 oldu ki Yeni \u015eafak<\/em>\u2019tan Akit<\/em>\u2019e kadar pek \u00e7ok \u0130slamc\u0131 yay\u0131n organ\u0131 bu r\u00f6portajlar\u0131 ilmek ilmek i\u015fledi. Sloven d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr son be\u015f y\u0131lda \u0130slamc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan adeta yeniden ke\u015ffedildi.<\/p>\n

Zizek\u2019in bu \u201cBen di\u011fer Bat\u0131l\u0131 ayd\u0131nlardan farkl\u0131y\u0131m\u201d tavr\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda ne kadar inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan uzak oldu\u011funu ve Zizek\u2019in oryantalizm kuyusundan uzak durmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken nas\u0131l o dipsiz kuyuya d\u00fc\u015fmekten kurtulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise en iyi Nuray Mert\u2019in 04 Ekim 2011 tarihli k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. (5) Nuray Mert, Zizek\u2019e olduk\u00e7a a\u011f\u0131r ele\u015ftiriler y\u00f6neltti\u011fi yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fu tespitleri yap\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201cZizek; hakk\u0131nda fikir y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olaylar, \u00f6zellikle de Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerinde ge\u00e7iyorsa, fazla titizlenme gere\u011fi duymuyor. Bu, Bat\u0131 merkezli d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcnl\u00fc \u2018muhalifler\u2019 aras\u0131nda giderek pop\u00fclerle\u015fen bir tutum ve bu tutum hi\u00e7 de masum de\u011fil. Zira Bat\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin hakk\u0131nda fazla bir \u015fey bilmedikleri toplumlar ve onlar\u0131n tarihine dair b\u00fcy\u00fck laflar etme merak\u0131, bir t\u00fcr \u2018yeni Oryantalizm\u2019 halini alm\u0131\u015f vaziyette. \u015e\u00f6yle ki, bu \u2018b\u00fcy\u00fck beyinler\u2019 Bat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirme yaparken ciddi bir birikime sahip olma ihtiyac\u0131 duyuyorlar ama Bat\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 toplumlar s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda derinle\u015fme gere\u011fi duymuyorlar. Bat\u0131 merkezli d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131, Bat\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 toplumlar ve onlar\u0131n tarihine ili\u015fkin olumsuz g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin yerine olumlu ve fakat ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde toptanc\u0131 ve s\u0131\u011f genellemeler yapman\u0131n ard\u0131nda gizlenen \u2018kibri\u2019 hesaba katm\u0131yorlar.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte Zizek\u2019in ve pek \u00e7ok muadilinin s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 da bu. Zizek gibi entelekt\u00fceller yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadan fikir sahibi oluyorlar ve bunu yaparken de kibirli ve iddial\u0131 tav\u0131rlar\u0131ndan taviz vermiyorlar. Sonu\u00e7ta meydan, Do\u011fu\u2019ya dair hi\u00e7bir \u015fey bilmeyen pop\u00fcler entelekt\u00fcellere ve bu entelekt\u00fcellerin b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yemek art\u0131klar\u0131yla beslenen muhafazak\u00e2rlara kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Zizek\u2019in \u00f6nemli bir entelekt\u00fcel oldu\u011funu kabul etmemiz gerekiyor. Ancak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130slamiyet gibi Do\u011fu\u2019ya dair olgular hakk\u0131nda yeterli donan\u0131ma sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortada.<\/p>\n

Umal\u0131m ki Zizek de bunu anlas\u0131n ve kendisine atfedilen sayg\u0131n konuma yak\u0131\u015facak bir entelekt\u00fcel tav\u0131r tak\u0131nmaya ba\u015flas\u0131n.<\/p>\n

Dipnotlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Kaya Gen\u00e7, \u201cDikkat, Ufukta Yeni Bir Apartheid Tehlikesi Var!\u201d, Radikal, 01 Ekim 2011, http:\/\/www.radikal.com.tr\/kultur\/dikkat-ufukta-yeni-bir-apartheid-tehlikesi-var-1064971\/<\/p>\n

2) Cansu \u00c7aml\u0131bel, \u201cYeni-Osmanl\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k Ancak Ermenileri ve K\u00fcrtleri Kucaklamakla Olur\u201d, H\u00fcrriyet, 27 Ocak 2012, http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/yeni-osmanlicilik-ancak-ermenileri-ve-kurtleri-kucaklamakla-olur-19781286<\/p>\n

3) Diken, \u201cD\u00fcnyaca \u00dcnl\u00fc D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr Slavoj Zizek: Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018canavarl\u0131k\u2019\u201d, 21 Ekim 2015, http:\/\/www.diken.com.tr\/dunyaca-unlu-dusunur-slavoj-zizek-erdoganin-yaptigi-canavarlik\/<\/p>\n

4) \u00c7\u0131nar Oskay, \u201cGit ve S\u00f6zlerimi \u00c7arp\u0131t\u201d, H\u00fcrriyet, 15 Aral\u0131k 2013, http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/git-ve-sozlerimi-carpit-25359810<\/p>\n

5) Nuray Mert, \u201cZizek\u2019in \u2018yeni oryantalizmi\u2019\u201d, Milliyet, 04 Ekim 2011, http:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/zizek-in-yeni-oryantalizmi-\/gundem\/gundemyazardetay\/04.10.2011\/1446320\/default.htm<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Sloven entelekt\u00fcel Slavoj Zizek\u2019in 21 Ekim 2015 tarihinde Med Nu\u00e7e TV\u2019ye verdi\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 r\u00f6portaj, bu pop\u00fcler filozof hakk\u0131nda bir \u015feyler yazmak i\u00e7in uzun s\u00fcredir arad\u0131\u011f\u0131m motivasyonu bana sa\u011flad\u0131. Slavoj Zizek t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada adeta bir rock y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 muamelesi g\u00f6ren, kendine has fanatik bir hayran kitlesi olan, eskilerin tabiriyle \u201cnevi \u015fahs\u0131na m\u00fcnhas\u0131r\u201d ilgin\u00e7 bir ki\u015filik. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":745,"featured_media":16400,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[181,535,28,222],"tags":[1937,1612,1936],"class_list":["post-16399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-144-sayi","category-forum","category-sosyal-bilimler","category-tarih","tag-dogu-toplumlari","tag-osmanli","tag-zizek"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t