{"id":16579,"date":"2016-01-01T13:46:29","date_gmt":"2016-01-01T11:46:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=16579"},"modified":"2018-01-12T14:01:07","modified_gmt":"2018-01-12T11:01:07","slug":"savasi-asagilayan-savas-ustasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/01\/01\/savasi-asagilayan-savas-ustasi","title":{"rendered":"Sava\u015f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131layan sava\u015f ustas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Say Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 da \u00c7inli bilge Sun Tzu\u2019nun Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131 yay\u0131mlad\u0131. B\u00f6ylece elimdeki Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131<\/em> kitaplar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7e \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00d6ncekiler Anahtar Kitap ve K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Kedi\u2019den yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 san\u0131r\u0131m. Olsun, yine bas\u0131ls\u0131n, onu da al\u0131r\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131<\/em> do\u011furgan bir kitap. Farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde okudu\u011funuzda farkl\u0131 noktalar dikkatinizi \u00e7ekiyor ve yeni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere dal\u0131p yeni \u015feyler \u00f6\u011freniyorsunuz. H\u00e2l\u00e2 okumayan varsa bu kadim eseri, i\u015fte yeni bir f\u0131rsat. Okunas\u0131, \u00fcst\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclesi bir eserdir.<\/p>\n

Sun Tzu, M\u00d6 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00c7inli bir general. Bir karga\u015fa d\u00f6nemi olan \u201cSava\u015fan Devletler D\u00f6nemi\u201dnin arifesinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitap bu d\u00f6nemin sonlanmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Sun Tzu\u2019nun son derece ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 -yenilmez- bir asker oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir, hakk\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok efsane de mevcuttur. Fakat Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131<\/em> gibi derin bir eseri \u201cyenilmeyen\u201d bir komutan\u0131n yazma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck. Ancak yengiler kadar yenilgiler de alan bir askerin elinden \u00e7\u0131kabilir b\u00f6yle bir eser. Daha do\u011frusu \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6yleyelim: \u201cYenilmez\u201d olman\u0131n yolu \u00e7ok say\u0131da yenilgi tatmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sun Tzu -belli ki bir\u00e7ok ac\u0131 deneyimden sonra- yenilmezli\u011fin form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc bulmu\u015f: Sava\u015fmadan yeneceksin! Sava\u015farak dedem de yener; marifet sava\u015fmadan yenmekte. \u0130\u015fte bunun yolu g\u00f6sterildi\u011finde, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan eser sadece bir \u201csava\u015f\u201d kitab\u0131 olmuyor, \u201csava\u015f sanat\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131 oluyor. Yani bir \u201csanat eseri\u201d oluyor.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131<\/em> asl\u0131nda s\u0131cak sava\u015f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131layan bir eser. \u015e\u00f6yle demi\u015f usta: \u201cM\u00fckemmellik her muharebeyi kazanmakta de\u011fil, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 sava\u015fmadan yenmekte yatar. Sava\u015f\u0131n en soylu bi\u00e7imi stratejiye sald\u0131rmakt\u0131r\u201d (s.27).<\/p>\n

\u201cStratejiye sald\u0131rmak\u201d\u2026 yani, \u201corduya sald\u0131rmak\u201d de\u011fil. Orduya sald\u0131rd\u0131n m\u0131, sonu\u00e7ta yensen bile sen de ciddi bir kay\u0131p verirsin. Sun Tzu\u2019nun stratejisi, en az kay\u0131pla, m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse hi\u00e7 kay\u0131p vermeden yenmek \u00fczerine kurulu. Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda bu noktaya d\u00f6ne d\u00f6ne vurgu yap\u0131l\u0131r; zaten eserin ana fikri de budur.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 stratejiye eski \u00c7in\u2019den kalma, ilgili b\u00fct\u00fcn klasiklerde rastlan\u0131r. Kadim sava\u015f ustalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6yle bir s\u0131ralamas\u0131 vard\u0131r: En \u00fcst\u00fcn konuma yerle\u015ftirilen, \u201cstrategem\u201d yoluyla (yani sava\u015fmadan) yenmektir. \u201cStrategem\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn tarihten s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp gelen daha derin anlamlar\u0131 var ama, T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u201csava\u015f hilesi\u201d olarak \u00e7evrilmi\u015f. Sun Tzu da bu noktay\u0131 vurgular: \u201cSava\u015f\u0131n temeli hiledir; hile yapan kazan\u0131r\u201d (s.54). Tabii \u201chile\u201d kavram\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019de, bizde ve Bat\u0131\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi olumsuz bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131maz. Tam tersine \u201c\u00fcst d\u00fczeyde zek\u00e2 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci s\u0131raya ise \u201cdiplomasi yoluyla yenmek\u201d konur. Bu da \u201csava\u015fmadan yenme\u201d y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve en a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 konum ise \u201csava\u015farak yenmek\u201dtir. Pek matah bir yol de\u011fildir, ancak zorunlu kal\u0131n\u0131rsa uygulan\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken bile daima en az kay\u0131p taktikleri aran\u0131r. Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc buna ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n bile az kay\u0131p vermesi g\u00f6zetilir. \u201cD\u00fc\u015fmana bir ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f yolu b\u0131rak,\u201d der Sun Tzu ve ekler: \u201cK\u00f6\u015feye s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131ysa \u00fczerine daha fazla gitme\u201d (s.57). \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bilir ki, \u00e7aresiz d\u00fc\u015fman \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sava\u015facak ve yenilse bile \u00e7ok kay\u0131p verdirecektir.<\/p>\n

Sun Tzu\u2019nun Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131, Alman sinolog Harro Von Senger\u2019in Sava\u015f Hileleri – Strategemler<\/em> adl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ciltlik eseri (T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede Anahtar Kitaplar\u2019dan Mekin \u00d6zbalta ve Efkan Can\u015fen\u2019in \u00e7evirileriyle \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131) ve \u00f6zellikle Lao Tse\u2019n\u0131n Tao Te Ching<\/em> – Yol ve Erdem Kitab\u0131<\/em> (Yol Yay., \u00d6mer Tulgan \u00e7evirisiyle ve Anahtar Kitaplar\u2019dan Osman Yener \u00e7evirisiyle) adl\u0131 klasik eseriyle birlikte okumak \u00e7ok kavrat\u0131c\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Senger\u2019in eserinde, Sun Tzu\u2019nun aforizmalar bi\u00e7iminde yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131ndaki uygulamalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin binlerce \u00f6rnek bulunabilir. Strategemler \u00c7in k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn derinliklerinden s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp gelen, hem sava\u015f hem y\u00f6netme hem de ya\u015fam ilkeleri. 36 form\u00fclasyon olarak derlenmi\u015fler. \u0130zlerine Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda da bol bol rastlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tao Te Ching <\/em>ise Taoculu\u011fun temel eserlerinden biri. B\u00fcy\u00fck Usta Lao Tse, olas\u0131l\u0131kla Sun Tzu\u2019dan bir veya iki y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f. Yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131 okudu\u011funuz zaman Sun Tzu\u2019nun esin kayna\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131labilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u015f\u00f6yle yazar Lao Tse: \u201cu\u011fursuz ara\u00e7t\u0131r silah \/ yak\u0131\u015fmaz eline kutlu ki\u015finin \/ ancak ba\u015fka \u00e7are yoksa kullan\u0131r onu \/ huzur ve bar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r en y\u00fcce ona \/ zafer kazan\u0131nca sevinmez \/ kim sevinirse buna \/ cinayetine sevinir demektir \/ cinayetine sevinen kimse \/ hedefe eri\u015femez yer y\u00fcz\u00fcnde<\/em>\u201d (Yol Yay., \u00d6mer Tulgan \u00e7evirisi, s.49).<\/p>\n

\u201cUsta olan sava\u015fta sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nca durur\u201d (s.48) diyen Lao Tse, \u015fu m\u00fcthi\u015f \u00f6neriyi yapar muzaffer olanlara: \u201csava\u015fta zafer kazanan taraf \/ \u00f6l\u00fc evi gibi davranmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/em>\u201d (s.49).<\/p>\n

Peki, neden s\u0131cak muharebeden bu kadar ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131yor bu b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f ustalar\u0131? \u00c7ok mu bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar? Hay\u0131r, her toplum gibi \u00c7in\u2019in de ge\u00e7mi\u015fi sava\u015flarla dolu. Zaten ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc yaz\u0131lamaz ki b\u00f6yle dam\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f eserler. \u00c7ok mu p\u0131s\u0131r\u0131k, korkaklar? Hele bir bula\u015fmay\u0131 dene! B\u00fct\u00fcn birikimini \u00fczerinde uygular ve sana yenilmeyi \u00f6\u011fretirler.<\/p>\n

Ancak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan\u0131n ve o g\u00fcc\u00fc kontrol etme yetene\u011fine sahip olan\u0131n uygulayabilece\u011fi bir stratejidir Sun Tzu\u2019nunki. Bir \u201cuygar stratejisi\u201ddir. Sadece \u201cy\u0131k\u0131c\u0131\u201d olan\u0131n de\u011fil, \u201ckurucu\u201d ve \u201ckoruyucu\u201d da olan\u0131n stratejisi\u2026<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede yerle\u015fik, y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l s\u00fcren \u00fcst\u00fcn bir uygarl\u0131k kuran \u00c7in hanedanlar\u0131n\u0131n generalleri sadece sava\u015fmay\u0131 bilmekle yetinemez. Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fczenin s\u00fcreklili\u011fini korumakla da y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler. Barbar sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lardan farklar\u0131 budur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in i\u00e7lerine s\u00fcrekli ak\u0131nlar d\u00fczenleyen Orta Asya kavimlerinin \u015feflerinin bug\u00fcne dek gelen kahramanl\u0131k s\u00f6ylencelerinden, birer \u201csava\u015farak yenme\u201d \u00fcstad\u0131 olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Ama Sun Tzu gibi \u201csava\u015fmadan yenme\u201d \u00fcstatlar\u0131 da ancak uygar \u00c7in\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kabilirdi.<\/p>\n

Bilim ve Gelecek<\/em>\u2019te bu konu hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f bir dosya haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7indeyiz; bu kadar ipucu yeter.<\/p>\n

– Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131<\/em>, Sun Tzu, \u0130ngilizceden \u00e7eviren ve \u00d6ns\u00f6z: Sinan K\u00f6seo\u011flu, Say Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,\u00a0 2015, 104 s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Say Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 da \u00c7inli bilge Sun Tzu\u2019nun Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131\u2019n\u0131 yay\u0131mlad\u0131. B\u00f6ylece elimdeki Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131 kitaplar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7e \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00d6ncekiler Anahtar Kitap ve K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Kedi\u2019den yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 san\u0131r\u0131m. Olsun, yine bas\u0131ls\u0131n, onu da al\u0131r\u0131m. Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131 do\u011furgan bir kitap. Farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde okudu\u011funuzda farkl\u0131 noktalar dikkatinizi \u00e7ekiyor ve yeni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere dal\u0131p yeni \u015feyler \u00f6\u011freniyorsunuz. H\u00e2l\u00e2 okumayan varsa bu kadim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":16580,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[180,513],"tags":[578,1970,1969],"class_list":["post-16579","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-143-sayi","category-kitapcil","tag-savas","tag-savas-sanati","tag-sun-tzu"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16579","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/493"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16579"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16579\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16580"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16579"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}