{"id":16744,"date":"2015-12-01T15:17:53","date_gmt":"2015-12-01T13:17:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=16744"},"modified":"2018-01-15T15:31:48","modified_gmt":"2018-01-15T12:31:48","slug":"direncin-ve-erdemin-sesi-tevfik-fikret","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2015\/12\/01\/direncin-ve-erdemin-sesi-tevfik-fikret","title":{"rendered":"Direncin ve erdemin sesi Tevfik Fikret"},"content":{"rendered":"

Toplumlar\u0131n tarihinde kalemi, s\u00f6ylemi ve eylemi ile geli\u015fim seyrinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7an, kitlelere heyecan ve cesaret a\u015f\u0131layan kimseler vard\u0131r. Tevfik Fikret, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye ve bask\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fin \u015fairidir, din taassubuna kar\u015f\u0131 bilimin sesidir; saltanat d\u00fczenine kar\u015f\u0131 milletin dilidir. Bunlar hamasi s\u00f6ylemler de\u011fil, onun dizelerinde nak\u0131\u015f nak\u0131\u015f i\u015flenen ger\u00e7ekliklerdir. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 100. y\u0131l\u0131nda sayg\u0131yla an\u0131yoruz. <\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cKara bask\u0131 d\u00f6neminin \u00f6zg\u00fcr \u00e7ocu\u011fudur\u201d der Ceyhan Atuf Kansu onun i\u00e7in. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk ise \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015fur onunla ilgili: \u201cBen ink\u0131l\u00e2p ruhunu ondan ald\u0131m\u201d, \u201cO\u2019nu tan\u0131yanlar, benim ne yapmak istedi\u011fimi kavrayacak kimselerdir\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"\"Fikret\u2019ten s\u00f6z ediyoruz, Tevfik Fikret\u2019ten\u2026<\/p>\n

As\u0131l ad\u0131 Mehmet Tevfik olan \u015fair, \u00f6\u011fretmen, ressam Tevfik Fikret 1867 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da Kad\u0131rga\u2019da do\u011far. Babas\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Efendi \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131\u2019l\u0131d\u0131r. Annesi Refia Han\u0131m ise Rum k\u00f6kenlidir. Refia Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ailesi 1822 Yunan isyan\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131lara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, H\u0131ristiyan inanc\u0131na sahip bir ailedir. Fakat bir s\u00fcre sonra M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015flard\u0131r hatta Refia Han\u0131m koyu dindar bir kimli\u011fe sahiptir. Bir karde\u015fi vard\u0131r Fikret\u2019in: S\u0131d\u0131ka. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile Fikret\u2019i h\u00fczne bo\u011fan, \u00fczerine \u015fiir yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u0131d\u0131ka\u2026<\/p>\n

Fikret\u2019in do\u011fdu\u011fu y\u0131llarda Osmanl\u0131 Bat\u0131\u2019da \u201chasta adam\u201d diye an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fclke bir yandan i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klarla g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne kaosa s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmekte di\u011fer yandan s\u00fcrekli toprak kayb\u0131na u\u011framaktad\u0131r. 1878 y\u0131l\u0131nda II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in Meclis-i Mebusan\u2019\u0131 kapatmas\u0131 ve \u00fclkede tam bir s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan etmesi s\u00fcregelen toplumsal yaralara tuz biber ekmi\u015ftir. Fikret, 11 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken istibdat ile yani despotizm d\u00f6nemi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. Otuzlu ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda iyiden iyiye a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kacak olan saray d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda bu bask\u0131 ve totaliter uygulamalar yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mehmet Tevfik, hayat\u0131na etki eden ac\u0131 olaylarla erken ya\u015fta tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Daha 12 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken Hac ziyareti sonras\u0131nda, Hicaz\u2019da kolera salg\u0131n\u0131nda annesini kaybeder. Osmanl\u0131 sanca\u011f\u0131nda y\u00f6netici olan babas\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Efendi s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi\u011finde ise Fikret hen\u00fcz 17\u2019sindedir. Maalesef babas\u0131n\u0131 bir daha g\u00f6remez. Geride bir tek karde\u015fi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, onun da ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayacakt\u0131r Mehmet Tevfik.<\/p>\n

Fikret ve karde\u015finin bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, anneannesi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck yengesi \u00fcstlenir. Aksaray\u2019da ya\u015farlar. Okul hayat\u0131 Galatasaray Sultanisi (Galatasaray Lisesi)\u2019ne kadar s\u0131radan ve herkes gibidir. Fakat bu okula gitmesi ya\u015fam\u0131nda bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olur. Recaizade Ekrem,\u00a0Muallim Naci,\u00a0Muallim Feyzi gibi d\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda olmak, onlar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencisi olmak gibi bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fur Fikret. Burada belirtmeliyiz ki, \u00f6zellikle 1886 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Fikret\u2019in y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyece\u011fi bat\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel de\u011ferler, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, adalet, millet ve yurtseverlik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin arkas\u0131nda Recaizade Ekrem vard\u0131r. Onun fikirleri hatta giyim ku\u015fam\u0131 bile Fikret\u2019in d\u00fcnyaya bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Mehmet Tevfik art\u0131k d\u00f6nemin en iyi lisesindedir. \u015eiirle ha\u015f\u0131r ne\u015fir olmas\u0131 da bu y\u0131llara rastlar. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile g\u00f6z dolduran Fikret, Galatasaray Sultanisi\u2019ni birincilikle bitirir. Ard\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 hazzetmedi\u011fini k\u0131sa s\u00fcren i\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131 ile bildi\u011fimiz memuriyet d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flar. D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve birka\u00e7 kurumda s\u00fcren meslek hayat\u0131 Fikret\u2019in istifas\u0131 ile k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede son bulur. O y\u0131llara dair Fikret ile ilgili en \u00e7ok yaz\u0131lan husus ise, istifas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda kendisine getirilen maa\u015flar\u0131, hak etmedi\u011fi iddias\u0131 ile iade etmesi olmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015f hayat\u0131na Gedikpa\u015fa\u2019daki Ticaret Okulu\u2019nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Frans\u0131zca ve resm-i hatt \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi ile devam eden Fikret, bu mesle\u011fi \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ticaret Mektebi \u00c2lisi\u2019nde, Galatasaray\u2019da, Dar\u00fclf\u00fcnun\u2019da, Robert Kolej\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Tevfik Fikret ve o\u011flu Haluk.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1892 y\u0131l\u0131na geldi\u011fimizde bu kez onu, mezun oldu\u011fu lisede \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. O y\u0131lda a\u00e7\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131 Lisan\u0131 s\u0131nav\u0131n\u0131 kazanan Fikret, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi ile ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Galatasaray Sultanisi maceras\u0131na, edebiyat \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi ile devam eder. Fakat \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fi bu okulda ancak \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc memur maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde on d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi sonras\u0131nda bu karara itiraz etmi\u015f ve itiraz\u0131n\u0131 da istifa ile noktalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u0131llar sonra ayn\u0131 okula m\u00fcd\u00fcr olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fikret\u2019in evlili\u011fi de bu y\u0131llara rastlar.\u00a0 E\u015fi day\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 olan Nazime Han\u0131m\u2019d\u0131r. Nazime Han\u0131m evlendi\u011finde hen\u00fcz 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r, Fikret ise 23\u2019\u00fcndedir (Kimi kaynaklarda Nazime Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131 15 ve 17 olarak da g\u00f6sterilir). Di\u011fer taraftan \u015fiirleri ile art\u0131k daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmu\u015ftur Fikret. \u0130lk \u015fiirleri Mirsad<\/em> ve Malumad<\/em> dergilerinde yay\u0131nlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Servet-i F\u00fcnun y\u0131llar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hayat\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir yeri olan Servet-i F\u00fcnun<\/em> dergisi ile tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 1890\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Liseden hocas\u0131 olan Recaizade Ekrem\u2019in \u00f6n ayak olmas\u0131 ile Servet-i F\u00fcnun<\/em>\u2019un sahibi\u00a0Ahmet \u0130hsan ile tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Kimler yoktur ki bu dergi de: Halit Ziya,\u00a0Cenap \u015eahabettin,\u00a0\u0130smail Safa,\u00a0Mehmet Rauf,\u00a0Samipa\u015fazade Sezai,\u00a0H\u00fcseyin Cahit,\u00a0Ahmet \u015euayip,\u00a0H\u00fcseyin Siyret\u00a0gibi d\u00f6nemine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran b\u00fct\u00fcn bu isimler Servet-i F\u00fcnun<\/em>\u2019da yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mehmet Tevfik, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede derginin en \u00f6nemli isimlerinden biri haline gelir. Art\u0131k yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Tevfik Fikret ad\u0131yla yay\u0131nlamaya ba\u015flar. 1896 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ise hem Servet-i F\u00fcnun<\/em> dergisinin yaz\u0131 i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlenir hem de bir daha ayr\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 kurum olan Robert Kolej\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. 20 y\u0131la yak\u0131n burada g\u00f6rev al\u0131r. \u00dcstelik son on y\u0131lda bizzat \u00e7izimini de \u00fcstlendi\u011fi ev olan A\u015fiyan\u2019dan gidip gelir Kolej\u2019e. \u0130\u015fi ile evi aras\u0131 sadece bir dakika uzakl\u0131ktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fikret\u2019in Servet-i F\u00fcnun<\/em> yolculu\u011fu, derginin sahibi Ahmet \u0130hsan ile ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 uyumsuzluktan dolay\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcrer. Sonras\u0131nda topluluktan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u0131l 1900\u2019d\u00fcr. Bask\u0131 rejimi t\u00fcm \u015fiddetiyle s\u00fcrmektedir. Bu d\u00f6nemde iki defa g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r. Dergi yazarlar\u0131 bu atmosfer i\u00e7erisinde Yeni Zelanda\u2019ya gitmeyi bile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler ama bu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Manisa\u2019ya gitme planlar\u0131 da k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede suya d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n

\"\"1895-1900 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 Tevfik Fikret\u2019in verimlilik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki \u015fiirlerinin ya\u015fam buldu\u011fu y\u0131llard\u0131r. Fikret bu d\u00f6nemde \u015fiirlerini R\u00fcbab-\u0131 \u015eikeste<\/em> adl\u0131 kitapta toplar. Y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde kitab\u0131na yeni \u015fiirler ekler. \u00d6zellikle \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bask\u0131da eklenen \u015fiirlerde rejime y\u00f6nelik sert ele\u015ftiriler vard\u0131r. Adaletsizlik, ikiy\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck, bozuk d\u00fczen, yolsuzluk ve ya\u011fma temalar\u0131 \u015fairin en \u00e7ok i\u015fledi\u011fi konular aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u201cSis, Lahza-i Teahur\u201d bu d\u00f6nemde yaz\u0131lan \u00f6nemli \u015fiirleridir.<\/p>\n

Fikret\u2019in Haluk\u2019u\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fikret\u2019in bu d\u00f6nemde ve sonras\u0131nda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiirler gerek d\u00f6neme gerekse de bug\u00fcn\u00fcn Anadolu ayd\u0131nlamas\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan \u00f6nemli me\u015falelerdendir diyebiliriz. O me\u015faleye ate\u015f olan sat\u0131rlara ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce Haluk\u2019tan s\u00f6z etmek istiyoruz. Tevfik Fikret\u2019in o\u011flu Haluk\u2019tan\u2026 Fikret, evlili\u011finin be\u015finci y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya gelen o\u011flu Haluk\u2019u \u00e7ok sevmektedir. Onun i\u00e7in \u015fiirler kaleme al\u0131r; \u015fiirlerinde kimi zaman olduk\u00e7a iyimserdir ve Haluk \u00fczerinden gen\u00e7li\u011fe sesleni\u015fte bulunur. Kimi zaman ise yine Haluk \u00fczerinden di\u011fer \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131, ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, yokluklar\u0131n\u0131 dile getirir. \u201cHaluk\u2019un Bayram\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 \u015fiiri bu somut durumu ortaya koyar. Bu \u015fiirde Haluk\u2019a \u015f\u00f6yle seslenir Fikret:<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u0131kar o s\u00fcsleri art\u0131k, sevindi\u011fin yeti\u015fir;
\n<\/em>\u00c7\u0131kar, biraz da \u015fu \u00f6ks\u00fcz giyinsin, e\u011flensin;
\nBiraz g\u00fczellensin
\n\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n pay\u0131; l\u00e2kin sevincinle
\nSevinmiyor \u015fu yetim, a\u011fl\u0131yor\u2026 Hal\u00fbk, dinle!<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cSabah Olursa\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fiirine de \u201cBu memlekette bir g\u00fcn sabah olursa Haluk<\/em>\u201d diye ba\u015flayan Fikret, o kutlu g\u00fcnde kendisi ya\u015f\u0131yor olsa da direncinin kalmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ama Haluk\u2019un o g\u00fcnde ve yar\u0131nlarda ayakta kalmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler ve \u015fiirini \u015f\u00f6yle noktalar:<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn etin, kemi\u011fin, kimli\u011finle yar\u0131ns\u0131n:
\n<\/em>Ve \u015fark\u0131lar gibi hep hep kulaklar\u0131mda sesin\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cHaluk\u2019un \u0130nanc\u0131\u201d \u015fiirinde de Fikret\u2019i Fikret yapan \u015fu dizelere imza atar b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fair:<\/p>\n

Yery\u00fcz\u00fc vatan\u0131m, insan soyu milletimdir benim,
\n<\/em>Ancak b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenin insan olaca\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131m.<\/em><\/p>\n

Haluk do\u011fdu\u011fu andan itibaren onu halk\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatacak bir ayd\u0131n gibi d\u00fc\u015fleyen, tasavvur eden Tevfik Fikret\u2019in bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez. B\u00fct\u00fcn itirazlara ra\u011fmen hen\u00fcz 14 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken Haluk\u2019u elektrik m\u00fchendisli\u011fi e\u011fitimi almas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n Glasgow kentine g\u00f6nderen Fikret, o\u011flunun biliminsan\u0131 de\u011fil H\u0131ristiyan din g\u00f6revlisi olu\u015funa y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde tan\u0131k olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tarih-i Kadim<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tekrar 1900\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na d\u00f6nersek Fikret i\u00e7in bu y\u0131llar kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla ac\u0131 ve \u0131st\u0131rapla ge\u00e7er. \u00d6yle ki, \u00e7ok de\u011fer verdi\u011fi Servet-i F\u00fcnun<\/em>\u2019dan ve Galatasaray\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne bir de aile kay\u0131plar\u0131 eklenir. \u00d6nce 1902\u2019de ablas\u0131n\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda 17 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcrg\u00fcn hayat\u0131 ya\u015fayan babas\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder. Babas\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi onun saraya ve istibdat rejimine olan \u00f6fkesini daha da art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O kadar ki, Fikret, Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019e yap\u0131lan suikast sonras\u0131nda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 \u201cBir Lahza-i Teeh\u00fcr\u201d adl\u0131 \u015fiirinde \u015fu dizeleri ile isyan\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n

Ey \u015fanl\u0131 avc\u0131 tuza\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015f yere kurmad\u0131n,
\n<\/em>Att\u0131n… Fakat ne yaz\u0131k ki, yaz\u0131klar ki vuramad\u0131n.<\/em><\/p>\n

Karde\u015fi S\u0131d\u0131ka\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de onu derinden sarsar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kocas\u0131 S\u0131d\u0131ka\u2019ya yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakmayan, sarho\u015f, sayg\u0131s\u0131z bir adamd\u0131r. Fikret karde\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine \u015fu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 kaleme al\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Zarif ve \u00e2kil idin; d\u00fc\u015fmesen bu aileye,
\nKal\u0131rd\u0131, belki, kad\u0131nl\u0131kta bir b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00e2d\u0131n.
\nYa\u015fard\u0131, belki onun g\u00f6lgesinde ahf\u00e2d\u0131n.
\nSen inmedin, seni indirdiler o mezbeleye;
\nSen \u00f6lmedin, seni \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler zavall\u0131 kad\u0131n.<\/em><\/p>\n

Fikret art\u0131k A\u015fiyan\u2019da k\u00f6\u015fesine \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. Karamsarl\u0131k, ac\u0131, bask\u0131c\u0131 rejimin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bunal\u0131m ve o rejime duydu\u011fu \u00f6fke ile ba\u015f ba\u015fad\u0131r. Tam da bu y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde, Mustafa Kemal\u2019inde \u201cTevfik Fikret\u2019in Tarih-i Kadim<\/em>\u2019i yok mu; i\u015fte O, d\u00fcnyada yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken b\u00fct\u00fcn ink\u0131l\u00e2plar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r\u201d \u00a0dedi\u011fi Tarih-i Kadim<\/em> \u015fiirini yazar.<\/p>\n

Madem bu beden o \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz\u00fcn i\u015fi,
\nne diye k\u0131vran\u0131r durur bin t\u00fcrl\u00fc dert i\u00e7inde?
\nHadi diyelim asl\u0131m\u0131z toprak bizim,
\nsen gel onu kederden bir \u00e7amur yap.
\n– her yeri kanla, g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131yla dolu –
\ninsaf be, bu kadar\u0131 da olur mu?
\nSen gel hem yoktan var et,
\nsonra da etti\u011fini boz, k\u00f6t\u00fcle.
\nHi\u00e7 bir yaradandan ummam bunu:<\/em>\u00a0<\/em>
\nYaradan yok eder, ama peri\u015fan etmez!<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu m\u0131sralar\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzunca \u015fiir Fikret\u2019in dine kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini ortaya koyan bir manifesto gibidir. Fikret\u2019in bu \u015fiirine Mehmet Akif Ersoy y\u0131llar sonra yan\u0131t verirken ve onu \u201czango\u00e7lukla\u201d (kilisenin hizmetlerini yerine getiren kimse) su\u00e7larken, Fikret de Akif\u2019e \u015fu dizelerle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verir:<\/p>\n

Ya\u015famak dini benim dinimdir.
\n<\/em>M\u00fcminim, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ma iman\u0131m var,
\n<\/em>Din-i Hak bence, bug\u00fcn din-i hayat!
\n<\/em>Sen ne dersin buna ey Molla S\u0131rat!<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130lkeleri u\u011fruna ya\u015famak\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zaman kendi mecras\u0131nda akmaya devam etmektedir. Takvimler 1908\u2019i g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde ikinci me\u015frutiyet ilan edilir. Daha do\u011frusu ilan edilmek zorunda kal\u0131n\u0131r. Fikret art\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131ktan a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa, saltanat ve bask\u0131c\u0131 rejime kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcksek sesle konu\u015fmaya hatta hayk\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 dostlar\u0131n\u0131n ricas\u0131 \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cMillet \u015eark\u0131s\u0131\u201dnda \u015f\u00f6yle dile getirir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini:<\/p>\n

Zulm\u00fcn topu var, g\u00fcllesi var, kalesi varsa,
\n<\/em>Hakk\u0131nda b\u00fck\u00fclmez kolu, d\u00f6nmez y\u00fcz\u00fc vard\u0131r;
\n<\/em>G\u00f6z yumma g\u00fcne\u015ften, ne kadar nuru kararsa,
\n<\/em>S\u00f6nmez ebedi, her gecenin g\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fc vard\u0131r.
\n<\/em>Millet yoludur, hak yoludur tuttu\u011fumu yol;
\n<\/em>Ey hak ya\u015fa, ey sevgili millet, ya\u015fa\u2026Varol!<\/em><\/p>\n

Ahmed Hamdi Tanp\u0131nar, Fikret i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cDaha evvel s\u00f6yleyeyim ki, Fikret benim i\u00e7in bir \u015fairden ziyade bir kahramand\u0131r.\u201d Tanp\u0131nar\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesinin nedeni, Fikret\u2019in hayat\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir d\u00f6neminde paraya tamah etmemesi, h\u0131rslar\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015finden gitmemesi ve ilkeleri u\u011fruna ya\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki d\u00f6neminde bile kendisine \u00f6nerilen vekilli\u011fi geri \u00e7evirmi\u015f, yak\u0131n dostlar\u0131n\u0131 bile zulme ve adaletsizli\u011fe ba\u015fvurmamalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde sert s\u00f6zlerle uyarm\u0131\u015f, hatta onlarla kavga etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 dostlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nerisi ile kurucusu oldu\u011fu ve ad\u0131n\u0131 da kendisinin verdi\u011fi Tanin<\/em> gazetesinden bile g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc haks\u0131zl\u0131klar ve yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar sonras\u0131nda ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonras\u0131nda gazetesinin kurucusu oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle kendisine g\u00f6nderilen paray\u0131 ise \u015fiddetle reddederek iade etmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onun i\u00e7in aslolan isimlerin de\u011fil, rejimin, d\u00fczenin de\u011fi\u015fmesi; s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sona ererek, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc toplum anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fmesi idi.<\/p>\n

Gerici kalk\u0131\u015fmaya direni\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fikret\u2019in ilerleyen y\u0131llarda \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019ye olan ele\u015ftirileri artarak devam edecektir. Buna ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce \u015fairin g\u00f6zbebe\u011fi yerlerinden olan Galatasaray Lisesi\u2019ne 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda tekrar m\u00fcd\u00fcr olarak d\u00f6nmesi ve akabinde vuku bulan 31 Mart Ayaklanmas\u0131 ile ilgili bir anekdotu aktarmak istiyoruz. Bu ayaklanmay\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karan isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n hedeflerinden biri de Galatasaray\u2019d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu okul, onlar\u0131n savundu\u011fu hilafet ve saltanat d\u00fczenine uygun \u00f6\u011frenci yeti\u015ftirmemektedir. \u0130syan\u0131n ilerleyen saatlerinde isyanc\u0131lar okula girmek isterler Fikret\u2019in bu duruma yan\u0131t\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle olur: \u201cBen okulun kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131m. Cesedimi \u00e7i\u011fnemedik\u00e7e i\u00e7eri giremezler.\u201d Yine okulun kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dire\u011fe Frans\u0131z bayra\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekilmesi \u00f6nerisini de \u015fiddetle reddeder ve \u015fu yan\u0131t\u0131 verir: \u201cBuras\u0131 T\u00fcrk okuludur, buraya T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bayrak \u00e7ekilmez.\u201d Fikret yakla\u015f\u0131k bir bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l eski \u00f6\u011frencisi oldu\u011fu bu okulda m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck yapar, bu d\u00f6nemde okula doktor olarak al\u0131nan isimlerden birinin sonralar\u0131 Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Ruh ve Sinir Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Hastanesinin ba\u015fhekimi olan Mazhar Osman, di\u011ferinin de Halide Edip Ad\u0131var\u2019\u0131n e\u015fi olan Adnan Ad\u0131var oldu\u011funu bir not olarak ekleyelim.<\/p>\n

\u2018Doyuncaya, t\u0131ks\u0131r\u0131ncaya, patlay\u0131ncaya kadar yiyin\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fikret\u2019in m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck g\u00f6revi E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 ile olan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine sona ererken, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f siyasette hatal\u0131 politikalar\u0131 devam etmektedir. 1911 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde \u0130ttihat ve Terakki h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Meclisi Mebusan\u2019\u0131 kapatmas\u0131 barda\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ran son damla olur. Bunun \u00fczerine Fikret \u201c95\u2019e Do\u011fru\u201d \u015firinde onlara \u015f\u00f6yle seslenir:<\/p>\n

Millet ya\u015famaz hakka \u00f6zlemle solurken
\n<\/em>Sussun diye vicdan\u0131na yumruklar inerse;
\n<\/em>Millet ya\u015famaz meclisi hakaret g\u00f6r\u00fcrken,
\n<\/em>\u0130\u011ffal ile tehdit ile titrer ve sinerse;
\n<\/em>Millet ya\u015famaz ma\u015feri millet (millet vicdan\u0131) bo\u011fulurken.<\/em><\/p>\n

Akla, bilime, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc toplum anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na olan derin ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bilinen Fikret\u2019in, gelinen noktada eski \u201cdost bildi\u011fi\u201d kimselerin kirli siyasetlerine ses \u00e7\u0131karmamas\u0131 elbette beklenemezdi. \u201cHaluk\u2019un Ament\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d \u015fiirinde bu ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi \u015f\u00f6yle dile getirir Fikret:<\/p>\n

Kollardaki ve boyunlardaki zincirler \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclecek,
\n<\/em>Onlarla zalimlerin yumruklar\u0131 ba\u011flanacakt\u0131r
\n<\/em>Bilim bu kara topra\u011f\u0131 bir g\u00fcn alt\u0131n yapacakt\u0131r
\n<\/em>Her \u015fey bilimin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fc ile do\u011facakt\u0131r. <\/em><\/p>\n

Halk\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu sefalet i\u00e7erisindeyken, kimi se\u00e7kinlerin ve siyaset\u00e7ilerin zevk ve sefahat i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015famas\u0131; vurgun ve soygun d\u00fczeninin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile devam etmesi \u00fczerine Fikret, \u201cHan-\u0131 Ya\u011fma\u201d (Ya\u011fma Sofras\u0131) \u015fiirini kaleme al\u0131r; \u00fcstelik bu \u015fiiri zarflayarak Sadrazama, Adliye ve Bahriye naz\u0131r\u0131na, \u015eeyh\u00fclislama ve devletin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6nemli idarecilerine yollar. Bu \u015fiirde ge\u00e7en dizelerden bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc hep birlikte okuyal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

Bu harman\u0131n gelir sonu, kap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n giderayka!
\n<\/em>Yar\u0131n bakars\u0131n\u0131z s\u00f6ner bug\u00fcn \u00e7at\u0131rdayan ocak!
\n<\/em>Bug\u00fcnki mideler kavi, bug\u00fcnki \u00e7orbalar s\u0131cak,
\n<\/em>At\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n, t\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n, kap\u0131\u015f kap\u0131\u015f, \u00e7anak \u00e7anak\u2026
\n<\/em>Yiyin efendiler yiyin, bu han-\u0131 p\u00fcrneva (hayk\u0131ran sofra) sizin,
\n<\/em>Doyuncaya, t\u0131ks\u0131r\u0131ncaya, patlay\u0131ncaya kadar yiyin.<\/em><\/p>\n

A\u015fiyan ziyaret\u00e7ileri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fikret\u2019in ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n son demlerindedir art\u0131k. \u015eeker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bo\u011fu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. A\u015fiyan\u2019da g\u00fcnleri ac\u0131 ve h\u00fcz\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7er. Osmanl\u0131 devleti ise sava\u015ftan sava\u015fa ko\u015far. Fikret bu duruma isyan eder ve son \u015fiiri olan \u201cHarb-i Mukaddes\u201dde (Kutsal Sava\u015f) feryad\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcksek sesle hayk\u0131r\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Ey insanlar\u0131 y\u0131llarca kutsal sava\u015f s\u00f6zleriyle,
\n<\/em>Al\u00e7ak\u00e7a geberten sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar!
\n<\/em>Ey uluslara \u00f6nderlik edenler, hepinize lanet olsun!
\n<\/em>Sava\u015f felaketi milyonlarca insan\u0131 topra\u011fa seriyor,
\n<\/em>Hepinizin ecdad\u0131na lanet olsun!
\n<\/em>Torunlar\u0131n\u0131z al\u00e7akl\u0131k i\u00e7inde bo\u011fulsun!<\/em><\/p>\n

Refik Halit Karay, Fikret i\u00e7in; \u201cBu adam, \u015fiiri kadar, ahl\u00e2k\u0131 ile de herkes i\u00e7in \u00f6rnek bir insan oldu. Bu adam bir kahraman\u2026\u201d der. Ve o \u201ckahraman\u201d 19 A\u011fustos 1915 g\u00fcn\u00fc, son 10 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi A\u015fiyan\u2019da (B\u00fclb\u00fclyuvas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir) hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumar. Vasiyetinde cenazesine kimleri istedi\u011fini ve kimlerini istemedi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade eder. Tabi A\u015fiyan\u2019a g\u00f6m\u00fclmek istedi\u011fini de\u2026 Fakat A\u015fiyan\u2019\u0131 daha sonra ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131n alabilece\u011fi endi\u015fesi ile cenazesi Ey\u00fcp Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na defnedilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, Milli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 Hasan Ali Y\u00fccel\u2019in \u00f6n ayak olmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u0130stanbul Belediyesi A\u015fiyan\u2019\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131r ve buras\u0131 m\u00fcze haline getirilir. Fikret\u2019in na\u015f\u0131 da vasiyeti gere\u011fi, 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeniden A\u015fiyan\u2019a getirilir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcze olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren A\u015fiyan\u2019\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar on binlerce insan ziyaret etmi\u015ftir. Bu ziyaret\u00e7ilerden birisi de Mustafa Kemal\u2019dir. Ziyarete gitmeden \u00f6nce Harbiye\u2019den Manej Hocas\u0131 Emin Bey\u2019e \u015f\u00f6yle der Mustafa Kemal: \u201cBen ink\u0131l\u00e2b ruhunu ondan ald\u0131m. Ziyaret edece\u011fim yerlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda elbette ki A\u015fiy\u00e2n gelir\u201d Ve ziyaret defterine \u015funlar\u0131 yazar: \u201cAnma ziyaretinde bulunmakla k\u0131van\u00e7 duyan Fikret dostlar\u0131\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Tevfik Fikret\u2019in m\u00fcze haline \u00e7evrilmi\u015f A\u015fiyan\u2019daki evi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u2018Ona h\u00e2l\u00e2 yeti\u015femedik\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Toplumlar\u0131n tarihleri, \u015f\u00fcphesiz d\u00f6neme damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran zorunlu siyasi ve iktisadi geli\u015fmelerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ile geli\u015fir, farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131r ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme u\u011frar. Bununla birlikte o tarihe kalemi, s\u00f6ylemi ve eylemi ile omuz veren, geli\u015fim seyrinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7an, kitlelere heyecan ve cesaret a\u015f\u0131layan kimseler vard\u0131r. Fikret, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye ve bask\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fin \u015fairidir, din taassubuna kar\u015f\u0131 bilimin sesidir; saltanat d\u00fczenine kar\u015f\u0131 milletin dilidir. Bunlar hamasi s\u00f6ylemler de\u011fil, onun dizelerinde nak\u0131\u015f nak\u0131\u015f i\u015flenen ger\u00e7ekliklerdir. Bu ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi gen\u00e7lerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sohbet esnas\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle dile getirir Mustafa Kemal:<\/p>\n

\"\"
Tevfik Fikret\u2019in mezar\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cGen\u00e7ler, sorar\u0131m size; bu milletin ve memleketin \u015fan ve \u015ferefle meden\u00ee d\u00fcnya milletleri aras\u0131nda ya\u015fayabilmesi i\u00e7in l\u00e2z\u0131m gelen her \u015feyi yazan, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 feda edenlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda kim gelir?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Gen\u00e7ler cevap verirler:<\/em><\/p>\n

– Hamit.<\/em><\/p>\n

– Hay\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

– Nam\u0131k Kemal.<\/em><\/p>\n

– Hay\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

– Ziya G\u00f6kalp!<\/em><\/p>\n

– Hay\u0131r bilemediniz. Ve Atat\u00fcrk kendisine has Rumeli \u015fivesiyle cevap verir:<\/em><\/p>\n

– Fikret be \u00e7ocuklar, Fikret be \u00e7ocuklar. Ve s\u0131ras\u0131yla Ferd\u00e2\u2019y\u0131, Sis\u2019i ezbere okur ve \u015fiirlerin tahlilini yapar. En sonunda da s\u00f6zlerini \u015f\u00f6yle bitirir:<\/em><\/p>\n

– O, bizden \u00e7ok ilerisini g\u00f6ren bir insand\u0131. Ne yaz\u0131k ki biz ona h\u00e2l\u00e2 yeti\u015femedik.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 100. y\u0131l\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fair ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn insan\u0131 Tevfik Fikret\u2019i bir kez daha sayg\u0131yla anarken, an\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde sayg\u0131yla e\u011fildi\u011fimi ifade etmek isterim.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

– H\u0131fz\u0131 Topuz, Elbet Sabah Olacakt\u0131r, Remzi Kitabevi.<\/p>\n

– M. Fatih And\u0131, Saray Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Tevfik Fikret<\/em>.<\/p>\n

– Bensu Funda G\u00fcr, Tevfik Fikret, Hayat\u0131-Sanat\u0131-Eserleri<\/em>.<\/p>\n

– Mehmet Emin Uluda\u011f, D\u00fc\u015f K\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ba\u011flam\u0131nda Tevfik Fikret ve Vatan<\/em>.<\/p>\n

– Abdulhakim Tu\u011fluk, Tevfik Fikret\u2019i Anlama Kanonunun D\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00c7\u0131kmak: Tevfik Fikret\u2019in \u015eiirlerinde Sosyal Fark\u0131ndal\u0131klar<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Toplumlar\u0131n tarihinde kalemi, s\u00f6ylemi ve eylemi ile geli\u015fim seyrinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7an, kitlelere heyecan ve cesaret a\u015f\u0131layan kimseler vard\u0131r. Tevfik Fikret, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye ve bask\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fin \u015fairidir, din taassubuna kar\u015f\u0131 bilimin sesidir; saltanat d\u00fczenine kar\u015f\u0131 milletin dilidir. Bunlar hamasi s\u00f6ylemler de\u011fil, onun dizelerinde nak\u0131\u015f nak\u0131\u015f i\u015flenen ger\u00e7ekliklerdir. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 100. y\u0131l\u0131nda sayg\u0131yla an\u0131yoruz. \u201cKara bask\u0131 d\u00f6neminin \u00f6zg\u00fcr […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":568,"featured_media":16745,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[179,545,222],"tags":[275,238,1998],"class_list":["post-16744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-142-sayi","category-edebiyat","category-tarih","tag-edebiyat","tag-tarih","tag-tevfik-fikret"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t