{"id":17019,"date":"2015-10-01T14:33:27","date_gmt":"2015-10-01T11:33:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=17019"},"modified":"2018-01-18T14:36:33","modified_gmt":"2018-01-18T11:36:33","slug":"100-yilinda-genel-gorelilik-ve-einstein","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2015\/10\/01\/100-yilinda-genel-gorelilik-ve-einstein","title":{"rendered":"100. y\u0131l\u0131nda genel g\u00f6relilik ve Einstein"},"content":{"rendered":"

Einstein, evren anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftireli y\u00fczy\u0131l oldu. Genel g\u00f6relili\u011fin 100. y\u0131l kutlamalar\u0131na, biz de bir kapak dosyas\u0131yla dahil oluyoruz. Scientific American<\/em> dergisi, Eyl\u00fcl 2015\u2019de, \u201cEinstein ve genel g\u00f6relilik\u201d konulu dosyayla \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu \u00f6zel say\u0131da, genel g\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131n\u0131n ne s\u00f6yledi\u011fi, neden \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u00fcreci kadar, y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca bu kuram\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoldan ilerleyen fizikte, astrofizikte ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler ve y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, kuram\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutabildi\u011fi ufuklar ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. Konuyu pek \u00e7ok boyutuyla i\u015fleyen dosyadaki makalelerden geni\u015f bir se\u00e7ki yapt\u0131k; geneli fizik\u00e7i olan arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7evirileriyle sunuyoruz.<\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi gibi, Einstein 1905\u2019de \u00f6zel g\u00f6relilik teorisiyle, Newton\u2019un mutlak uzay ve mutlak zaman kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131km\u0131\u015f; zaman, uzay ve hareketin, birbirlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 ve g\u00f6reli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, bu g\u00f6reli \u00e7er\u00e7eveye k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimin nas\u0131l dahil edilebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flayacakt\u0131. 1907\u2019de serbest d\u00fc\u015fen bir g\u00f6zlemciyi ele alan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce deneyinden\u00a0hareketle, g\u00f6reli k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim teorisi \u00fczerine y\u0131llar s\u00fcrecek bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.K\u00fctle\u00e7ekim alan denklemleri\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bir\u00e7ok denemenin ard\u0131ndan sonland\u0131rarak, 25 Kas\u0131m 1915\u2019’te\u00a0Prusya Bilimler Akademisi\u2019nde\u00a0bir ay boyunca verdi\u011fi derslerin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak sundu.Dosyam\u0131z\u0131 olu\u015fturan \u201cEinstein ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi nas\u0131l yeniden in\u015fa etti?\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalede Walter Isaacson, Einstein\u2019\u0131n genel g\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrecini, ayn\u0131 zaman diliminde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi ki\u015fisel s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ve matematik\u00e7i David Hilbert ile rekabetini de i\u015fin i\u00e7ine katarak anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k \u201cEinstein alan denklemleri\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan denklemlerin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturdu\u011fu genel g\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131yla Einstein, k\u00fctle\u00e7ekime geometrik temelde bir a\u00e7\u0131klama getiriyordu; k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimi uzay ve zamandaki e\u011frilmelerin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Prof. Dr. Brian Greene \u201cEinstein neden \u00f6nemli?\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde, Enstein\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6relilik kuramlar\u0131yla, \u201ct\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ebedi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe dev bir ad\u0131mla yakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d s\u00f6ylerken, toplumda ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr-sanat gibi alanlarda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yank\u0131lara da de\u011finiyor.<\/p>\n

Sabihe Hossenfelder, Einstein\u2019\u0131n kuramlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131nda merkezi \u00f6nemleri oldu\u011fu bilinen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce deneylerini masaya yat\u0131r\u0131yor. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce deneylerine bilimsel olarak ne kadar g\u00fcvenebilece\u011fimizi sorgularken, Einstein\u2019\u0131n do\u011frulanan ve yanl\u0131\u015flanan kimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce deneylerini ele al\u0131yor ve onun kuramlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoldan ilerleyen yeni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce deneylerinden s\u00f6z ediyor.<\/p>\n

Lawrance M. Krauss, \u201cEinstein nerede hata yapt\u0131?\u201d makalesiyle, Einstein\u2019\u0131n kendi kuramlar\u0131n\u0131n kimi do\u011fal a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden geldi\u011fi ya da hatal\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler verdi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 alanda, kozmolojinin nas\u0131l b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmelere sahne oldu\u011funu aktar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Genel g\u00f6relili\u011fin \u00f6nermeleri\u00a0kimi deney ve g\u00f6zlemlerle do\u011frulansa ve bir y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korusa da, hen\u00fcz bir kara deli\u011fin olay ufku gibi ciddi bir k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel kuvvetin oldu\u011fu yerde test edilemedi. Dimitrius Psaltis ve Sheperd S. Doeleman, \u201cKara Delik Testi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda, Olay Ufku Teleskobu (EHT) k\u00fcresel radyo teleskoplar a\u011f\u0131yla, Samanyolu\u2019nun merkezindeki Sagittarius A*\u2019n\u0131n bir kara delik mi, yoksa \u00e7\u0131plak tekillik gibi garip bir cisim mi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmemizi sa\u011flayacak projeyi anlat\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Tim Folger, \u201cZaman Yolculu\u011fun K\u0131sa Bir Tarih\u00e7esi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131da,\u00f6zel g\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nermelerden ve bilimin pop\u00fclerli\u011fe el veren konular\u0131ndan olan zamanda yolculu\u011funuirdeliyor.
\nGeorge Musser ise, Enstein\u2019\u0131n yayg\u0131n olarak bilinen \u201cTanr\u0131 zar atmaz\u201d c\u00fcmlesinin, kuantum mekani\u011fi ve onun i\u00e7erdi\u011fi rastlant\u0131sall\u0131\u011fa dair b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle bir reddiye olarak yorumlan\u0131p yorumlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 analizlerle sorguluyor.<\/p>\n

Dosyan\u0131n \u201cRelativistik k\u00fctle balonu\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 son makalesi, Scientific American<\/em> kaynakl\u0131 de\u011fil, Einstein\u2019\u0131n \u201crelativistik k\u00fctle\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fan L. B. Okun\u2019un makalesini, Rennan Pek\u00fcnl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u00e7evirisiyle sunuyoruz.<\/p>\n

Esinli okumalar…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Einstein, evren anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftireli y\u00fczy\u0131l oldu. Genel g\u00f6relili\u011fin 100. y\u0131l kutlamalar\u0131na, biz de bir kapak dosyas\u0131yla dahil oluyoruz. Scientific American dergisi, Eyl\u00fcl 2015\u2019de, \u201cEinstein ve genel g\u00f6relilik\u201d konulu dosyayla \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu \u00f6zel say\u0131da, genel g\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131n\u0131n ne s\u00f6yledi\u011fi, neden \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u00fcreci kadar, y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca bu kuram\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoldan ilerleyen fizikte, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":17020,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[177,1464,26],"tags":[277,657,288,295],"class_list":["post-17019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-140-sayi","category-dosya","category-fizik","tag-einstein","tag-evren","tag-fizik","tag-gorelilik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t