{"id":17119,"date":"2018-04-12T00:05:42","date_gmt":"2018-04-11T21:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=17119"},"modified":"2018-04-15T19:50:07","modified_gmt":"2018-04-15T16:50:07","slug":"atlantik-okyanusunu-tek-basina-ucarak-gecen-ilk-kadin-amelia-earhart","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/04\/12\/atlantik-okyanusunu-tek-basina-ucarak-gecen-ilk-kadin-amelia-earhart","title":{"rendered":"Atlantik Okyanusu\u2019nu tek ba\u015f\u0131na u\u00e7arak ge\u00e7en ilk kad\u0131n:\u00a0Amelia Earhart"},"content":{"rendered":"

O, pilotlu\u011fuyla, kad\u0131n pilotlar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemesiyle ve d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm kad\u0131nlara cesaret ve g\u00fc\u00e7 a\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131yla hat\u0131rlanmay\u0131 hak ediyor. O, Atlantik Okyanusu\u2019nu tek ba\u015f\u0131na u\u00e7arak ge\u00e7en ilk kad\u0131n. O, hem Atlantik Okyanusu hem de Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019nun her ikisi \u00fczerinde de u\u00e7an ilk insan. O, Amelia Earhart\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

Amelia Earhart 24 Temmuz 1897\u2019de Amerika\u2019n\u0131n Kansas eyaletindeki Atchison Kenti\u2019nde d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Babas\u0131 Edwin Earhart, kendini alkolden kurtar\u0131p ailesine refah getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir adamd\u0131. \u0130\u015fler k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda annesi Amelia \u201cAmy\u201d Otis, Amelia ve ablas\u0131 Muriel\u2019\u0131 anneannesi ve dedesinin yan\u0131na g\u00f6nderdi. Amelia \u00e7ocuklu\u011funun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu bu evde ge\u00e7irdi. Burada edindi\u011fi arkada\u015flar\u0131yla \u00e7evreyi ke\u015ffe \u00e7\u0131kar, a\u011fa\u00e7lara t\u0131rman\u0131r, k\u0131zakla kayarak maceradan maceraya ko\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Amelia 10 ya\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011finde, tekrar babas\u0131 ve annesiyle ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131. H\u00e2l\u00e2 bir i\u015f tutturamam\u0131\u015f babas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden s\u00fcrekli \u015fehir de\u011fi\u015ftirdiler. Amelia, kimseye muhta\u00e7 olmadan kendi kendine bakabilir durumda olmay\u0131, kafas\u0131na babas\u0131 sayesinde koydu.<\/p>\n

\u201cBana u\u00e7may\u0131 \u00f6\u011fret\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Liseden mezun oldu\u011funda o zaman Kanada\u2019da ya\u015fayan ablas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na gitti. Burada D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan d\u00f6nen askerleri g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, hem\u015fire olarak g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc oldu. Bu onun hayat\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek bir tecr\u00fcbeydi. Sava\u015fta yaralanan bir\u00e7ok pilotla tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hik\u00e2yeleri ve tecr\u00fcbelerinden \u00e7ok etkilendi. Her g\u00fcn Kraliyet Hava Kolordusu\u2019nun (Royal Flying Corps) haz\u0131rl\u0131k u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 izler oldu.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Amelia Earhart ve Anita\u201cNeta\u201d Snook Kanarya ile birlikte.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kaliforniya\u2019ya (California) d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, bir g\u00f6steri u\u00e7u\u015fu s\u0131ras\u0131nda 10 dakikal\u0131\u011f\u0131na bir u\u00e7akta yolcu olarak bulundu. U\u00e7aktan indi\u011finde tek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fey u\u00e7may\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmesi gerekti\u011fiydi. Bunun i\u00e7in foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ktan kamyon \u015fof\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bir\u00e7ok i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p para biriktirdi. Daha sonralar\u0131 hem beraber u\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 hem de en iyi arkada\u015f\u0131 olacak olan, havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kad\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden Anita \u201cNeta\u201d Snook<\/strong>\u2019a gidip \u201cU\u00e7mak istiyorum. Bana \u00f6\u011fretir misin?\u201d diye sordu. Bu soruyu sordu\u011funda Amelia, bir kad\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen ilk pistte, Neta\u2019n\u0131n pistinin tam ortas\u0131nda duruyordu. Amelia\u2019n\u0131n e\u011fitiminin ve uzun bir arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 i\u015fte bu g\u00fcnd\u00fc: 3 Ocak 1921.<\/p>\n

Amelia Neta\u2019n\u0131n ona \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fi \u015feylerin yan\u0131nda, u\u00e7mak ve havac\u0131l\u0131kla ilgili bulabildi\u011fi her\u015feyi okudu. Neredeyse t\u00fcm zaman\u0131n\u0131 Neta\u2019n\u0131n pistinde ge\u00e7irdi. Okudu\u011fu, \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi, g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc t\u00fcm kad\u0131n havac\u0131lar gibi o da sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131sa kestirip, pilot ceketini s\u0131rt\u0131na ge\u00e7irdi. Tecr\u00fcbeli pilotlar\u0131n onun hakk\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden \u00e7ekiniyordu. Eski ve giyilmi\u015f hissi olu\u015fturup bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri bertaraf etmek i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca, yatarken bile ceketini s\u0131rt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1921\u2019in yaz aylar\u0131nda Amelia, parlak sar\u0131 renkli, Kinner Airster marka ikinci el bir u\u00e7ak sat\u0131n ald\u0131. Anneannesi ve dedesinin vefat\u0131ndan kalan paran\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ile ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu u\u00e7a\u011fa Kanarya (The Canary) ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Neta Snook ile birlikte toplamda 20 saati bulan u\u00e7u\u015flar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bir kaza sonras\u0131 Neta, Amelia\u2019n\u0131n yeteri kadar iyi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Amelia\u2019ya U\u00e7may\u0131 \u00d6\u011frettim <\/em>(I Taught Amelia ToFly<\/em>) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ok yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyecekti: \u201cOnun yeteneklerini \u00e7ok yanl\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlendirmi\u015fim.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\" 22 Ekim 1922\u2019de Amelia, Kanarya ile ilk rekorunu k\u0131rd\u0131; 14.000 feet (4300 m) ile bir kad\u0131n pilotun ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fckseklik. Bu ona havac\u0131l\u0131k camias\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fcn getirdi. 1923\u2019de ise Uluslararas\u0131 Havac\u0131l\u0131k Federasyonu\u2019nun pilotluk lisans\u0131 verdi\u011fi 16. kad\u0131n oldu. T\u00fcm bunlara ra\u011fmen, miras\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131yla ge\u00e7inen ailesinin paras\u0131n\u0131n bitmesi ile Amelia Kanarya\u2019y\u0131 satmak zorunda kald\u0131. T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131 geride b\u0131rak\u0131p ailesine yard\u0131m etmek i\u00e7in Boston\u2019a gitti. Burada \u00f6nce \u00f6\u011fretmen, sonra sosyal g\u00f6revli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1927\u2019ye kadar hi\u00e7 u\u00e7amad\u0131. Bir yandan ailesine bak\u0131yor, bir yandan da u\u00e7may\u0131 ve havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zendirmesini hedefledi\u011fi yaz\u0131lar yaz\u0131yordu. Para kazanmak i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcre KinnerAirster u\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n Boston sat\u0131\u015f temsilcili\u011fini yapt\u0131. Art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 paras\u0131n\u0131 Massachusetts\u2019te kurulan Dennison Havaalan\u0131\u2019na destek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

En \u00fcnl\u00fc yolcu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Charles Lindbergh\u2019\u0131n New York\u2019tan Paris\u2019e ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi Atlantik Okyanusu \u00fczerindeki ilk u\u00e7u\u015fu ile birlikte, bu u\u00e7u\u015fun bir kad\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi fikri ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131. Amelia\u2019n\u0131n yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 takip eden, kendisi de bir pilot olan Hilton H. Railey teklifi Amelia\u2019ya iletti\u011finde, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 cevap \u00e7ok net oldu: \u0130\u00e7inde hi\u00e7bir korku ya da teredd\u00fct bulunmayan kocaman bir evet. Yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ve zaman\u0131n havac\u0131l\u0131k camias\u0131n\u0131n ortak fikriyle bir kad\u0131n\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na yapamayaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lan bu u\u00e7u\u015fa, Amelia yolcu olarak kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n

Pilot Wilmer \u201cBill\u201d Stultz ve co-pilot Louis E. \u201cSlim\u201d Gordon\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu u\u00e7ak, yolcu olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda u\u00e7u\u015fun raporlar\u0131n\u0131 da tutmakla g\u00f6revli olan Amelia ile birlikte 20 saat ve 40 dakikal\u0131k bir u\u00e7u\u015fun sonunda Burry Point, Galler\u2019e ini\u015f yapt\u0131. Amelia u\u00e7u\u015fu ve u\u00e7u\u015ftaki hislerini bir r\u00f6portajda \u201cT\u00fcm u\u00e7u\u015fu Stultz ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Bunu onun yapmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Ben ise kendimi bir y\u00fck olarak hissettim; t\u0131pk\u0131 bir \u00e7uval patates gibi. Belki bir g\u00fcn ben de tek ba\u015f\u0131ma bu u\u00e7u\u015fu yapar\u0131m\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle \u00f6zetledi.<\/p>\n

Ekip Amerika\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sevgi seliyle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Charles Lindbergh\u2019e \u201cLucky Lind\u201d (\u015eansl\u0131 Lind) ismini takan gazeteciler Amelia\u2019n\u0131n lakab\u0131n\u0131 da haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131: \u201cLucky Lindy\u201d (\u015eansl\u0131 Lindy) Baz\u0131 gazeteciler daha da ileri gidip Amelia\u2019y\u0131 \u201cQueen of the Air\u201d (Havan\u0131n Krali\u00e7esi) olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 bile. U\u00e7u\u015fun organizat\u00f6rlerinden George Putnam bu \u00fcn\u00fc kullanmaya karar verdi. Amelia Amerika\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde konu\u015fmalar yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Y\u00fcz\u00fc kad\u0131n k\u0131yafetleri, bavul, Lucky Strike sigaras\u0131 ve spor k\u0131yafetleri gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Gelen tepkiler \u00fczerine gelirini Richard Byrd\u2019\u00fcn G\u00fcney Kutbu seferine ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Lucky Strike reklamlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda t\u00fcm bu reklamlar, Earhart markas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu.<\/p>\n

Amelia ise George Putnam\u2019\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu markay\u0131 yine kad\u0131nlar\u0131 havac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131. Bu \u00fcn\u00fc sayesinde, Cosmopolitan<\/em> dergisinden gelen yard\u0131mc\u0131 edit\u00f6rl\u00fck teklifini daha \u00e7ok insana ula\u015fabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in kabul etti. Bu dergiyi hem kad\u0131nlar\u0131 havac\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131nda te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in hem de ticari havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in kulland\u0131. Transcontinental Air Transport firmas\u0131n\u0131n ticari u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck destek\u00e7ilerinden oldu. Daha sonra National Airways firmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlendi.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Mary \u201cLeydi \u0130karus\u201d Lady Heath, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Putnam\u2019\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Mary Lady Heath<\/strong>\u2019i Amelia\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6lgesine itti. Ticari pilot lisans\u0131 alan ilk \u0130ngiliz olan Lady Heath, 1927\u2019de bir hava arac\u0131ndan ilk defa para\u015f\u00fctle atlayan kad\u0131n oldu. 1928\u2019de ise G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019n\u0131n Cape TownKenti\u2019nden Londra\u2019ya a\u00e7\u0131k kokpitli bir u\u00e7akla, kad\u0131n ya da erkek, ilk u\u00e7u\u015fu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren insan oldu. Ayn\u0131 sene i\u00e7erisinde bir ticari u\u00e7u\u015fta (KLM firmas\u0131n\u0131n bir ticari u\u00e7u\u015fu) co-pilotluk yapan ilk kad\u0131n oldu. Putnam\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile g\u00f6lgede kalan \u201cLeydi \u0130karus\u201d lakapl\u0131 Lady Heath, Amelia\u2019da kendini tekrar kan\u0131tlama ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furdu.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zirvesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Amelia 1928\u2019de Kuzey Amerika K\u0131tas\u0131 \u00fczerinde gidi\u015f geli\u015f tam bir u\u00e7u\u015fu tek ba\u015f\u0131na yapan ilk kad\u0131n oldu. 1929\u2019da Santa Monica\u2019dan Cleveland\u2019a ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Kad\u0131nlar U\u00e7u\u015f Yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu yar\u0131\u015fmada birincilik i\u00e7in ba\u015faba\u015f yar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ruth Nichols ile son ara dura\u011fa ayn\u0131 anda girdiler. Amelia\u2019dan \u00f6nce \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yapmaya haz\u0131rlanan Nichols kaza yap\u0131nca, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yapmaya haz\u0131r olan Amelia u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan inip harap olmu\u015f u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131na ko\u015ftu. U\u00e7aktan arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p iyi oldu\u011fundan emin olduktan sonra duraktan \u00e7\u0131kan Amelia yar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bitirdi. Bu yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ona camiada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sayg\u0131 kazand\u0131rd\u0131. 1937\u2019de 18.415 feet (5613 m) ile d\u00fcnya rekorunu k\u0131rd\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Amelia Ninety-Nines (Doksan Dokuzlar) adl\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kurulu\u015funda yer ald\u0131. Bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn amac\u0131n\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n havac\u0131l\u0131ktaki pay\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak ve kad\u0131n havac\u0131lara destek olmak olarak belirlediler. Kad\u0131nlar U\u00e7u\u015f Yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Amelia bu \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7in ilk \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 yapt\u0131. Amelia bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 ile o zaman lisansl\u0131 olan 117 kad\u0131n pilota bir davetiye g\u00f6ndermi\u015f oldu. \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ismini de \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ya cevap verip ilk bulu\u015fmaya kat\u0131lan 99 kad\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak koydu ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ilk ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n

Amelia bir kad\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar cesur olabilece\u011fini, neler yapabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015f; Doksan Dokuzlar \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcyle birlikte ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye sahip kad\u0131nlar\u0131 bir araya getirmi\u015fti. Ancak kendisini herkesten farkl\u0131 k\u0131lacak bir \u015fey yapma iste\u011fi i\u00e7ten i\u00e7e hep onu ate\u015fliyordu. Zeki ve yetenekli bir pilottu. Hi\u00e7 bir zaman paniklemeden, so\u011fukkanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmeden u\u00e7u\u015funu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirdi. Fakat hi\u00e7bir zaman en iyi oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmedi. \u0130lk zamanlar havac\u0131l\u0131ktaki t\u00fcm geli\u015fmeleri takip ederdi, ancak onun etraf\u0131nda yarat\u0131lan marka geli\u015fen teknolojilere a\u015fina olabilmesi i\u00e7in ona vakit b\u0131rakm\u0131yordu. T\u00fcm geli\u015fmelere ra\u011fmen h\u00e2l\u00e2 i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcleriyle u\u00e7maya devam ediyordu. Cesaret, zek\u00e2 ve kendine g\u00fcvenin simgesi olmak i\u00e7in \u00e7abalamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplum \u00fczerinde b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131 etkinin, kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerindeki olumsuz kli\u015felerin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n daha fazla alanda yer bulmas\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 umuyordu.<\/p>\n

Putnam ile 1931\u2019de evlendi\u011finde y\u0131llar boyu edindi\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kad\u0131n profilinden yine \u00f6d\u00fcn vermedi. Evlili\u011fini kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 kontrol dengesi olarak tan\u0131mlayan Amelia, evlendikleri g\u00fcn kocas\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta: \u201c\u015eunu anlaman\u0131 isterim: Bana sad\u0131k olman gibi orta\u00e7a\u011f yasalar\u0131 ile seni zorlamam, ben de ayn\u0131 yasalar\u0131n diretti\u011fi \u015fekilde sana ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f de\u011filim\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle \u00f6zg\u00fcr, kendi ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde duran ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kad\u0131n oldu\u011funu tekrar g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

Havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n krali\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evliliklerinin \u00f6ncesinde Putnam ile Atlantik Okyanusu \u00fczerinde tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir u\u00e7u\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi i\u00e7in gizli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7erisine girdiler. 1932\u2019nin ba\u015flar\u0131nda Putnam, Charles Lindbergh\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk u\u00e7u\u015fun be\u015finci y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde Amelia\u2019n\u0131n bu u\u00e7u\u015f i\u00e7in hareket edece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Amelia, 20 May\u0131s 1932 g\u00fcn\u00fc Harbour Grace, Newfoundland kentinden, u\u00e7u\u015fun ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihinin teyidi i\u00e7in yan\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerel gazetenin bir kopyas\u0131 ile tarihi u\u00e7u\u015funa ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

U\u00e7u\u015fun ilk dakikalar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak Amelia hava ko\u015fullar\u0131yla bir sava\u015fa girdi. Yo\u011fun bulutlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti. U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n kanatlar\u0131 buzland\u0131. Bu hava \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n sonucu olarak mekanik aksakl\u0131klar ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Paris\u2019e ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayan Amelia, Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019n\u0131n Londonderry\u015eehri\u2019ne zorunlu ini\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. 15 saat s\u00fcren u\u00e7u\u015fun sonunda Amelia art\u0131k Atlantik Okyanusu\u2019nu bir u\u00e7akla tek ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7en ilk kad\u0131nd\u0131. Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 bir\u00e7ok madalya ile onurland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131: NationalGeographic Cemiyeti\u2019nden Alt\u0131n Madalya, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Kongresi\u2019nden Se\u00e7kin U\u00e7u\u015f Madalyas\u0131 ve Frans\u0131z H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nden Onur Ni\u015fan\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"Devam eden y\u0131llarda Amelia yedi kad\u0131nlar h\u0131z ve mesafe rekoru k\u0131rd\u0131. Honolulu Hawaii\u2019den Kaliforniya\u2019ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015fu ile Amelia, hem Atlantik Okyanusu hem de Pasifik Okyanusu \u00fczerinde u\u00e7an ilk insan oldu. Ancak Amelia\u2019n\u0131n akl\u0131nda onu herkesten farkl\u0131 k\u0131lacak bir u\u00e7u\u015f plan\u0131 vard\u0131: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n etraf\u0131nda u\u00e7mak.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya etraf\u0131nda u\u00e7ma plan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Amelia, Amerika\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Purdue \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde hem kariyer dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 hem de Havac\u0131l\u0131k Departman\u0131\u2019n\u0131n teknik dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Buradan edindi\u011fi gelir Lockheed Electra L-10E model bir u\u00e7ak sat\u0131n almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu sat\u0131n almayla birlikte Amelia\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnya etraf\u0131ndaki u\u00e7u\u015funun haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Amelia, d\u00fcnya etraf\u0131nda yolculuk yapman\u0131n ona bir \u015fey kazand\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyordu. Bu daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onun herkesten farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u015feyin, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ekvatorun etraf\u0131nda u\u00e7mak olaca\u011f\u0131na kanaat getirdi. Bunun i\u00e7in ihtiyac\u0131 olan ekibi toplamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6nce Amerikan Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Roosevelt\u2019in pilotu Kaptan Harry Manning\u2019i ekibine katarak i\u015fe koyuldu. Daha sonra hem denizcilikte hem havac\u0131l\u0131kta b\u00fcy\u00fck tecr\u00fcbe sahibi FredNoonan ekibe dahil oldu. Teknik dan\u0131\u015fman olarak Hollywood dubl\u00f6r pilotu Paul Mantz\u2019\u0131n da kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ekip tamamland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Orijinal plana g\u00f6re Kaliforniya\u2019dan Hawaii\u2019ye gidilecekti. Oradan Pasifik \u00fczerinden Avustralya\u2019ya ge\u00e7ilip Afrika\u2019ya Hindistan \u00fczerinden u\u00e7ulacakt\u0131. Daha sonra Afrika ge\u00e7ilip, \u00f6nce Florida\u2019ya oradan da Kaliforniya\u2019ya geri d\u00f6n\u00fclecekti.<\/p>\n

17 Mart 1937\u2019de ekip Kaliforniya\u2019dan Hawaii\u2019ye do\u011fru yol almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Yolda birka\u00e7 zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lsa da Hawaii\u2019ye ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Burada u\u00e7ak 3 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir tamir s\u00fcrecinden ge\u00e7ti. 3. g\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda Electra kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u015flarken Amelia kontrol\u00fc kaybetti ve u\u00e7ak pistte birka\u00e7 kere sekti. Ger\u00e7ek sebep bilinmese de u\u00e7ak b\u00fcy\u00fck hasar ald\u0131. \u015eahitler bir tekerin patlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini s\u00f6ylerken, Paul Mantz pilotun hatas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bu sorunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti. U\u00e7ak ekiple birlikte tekrar Kaliforniya\u2019ya d\u00f6nmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Son u\u00e7u\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

U\u00e7ak onar\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar ge\u00e7en zamanda hava \u015fartlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ekibin u\u00e7u\u015f plan\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015fmek zorunda kald\u0131. 1 Haziran 1937 g\u00fcn\u00fc Electra kalk\u0131\u015fa ge\u00e7ti\u011finde ekip iki ki\u015fiye inmi\u015fti. Kaptan Harry Manning ba\u015fka bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ekibe kat\u0131lamazken, Paul Mantz s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde istedi\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lmay\u0131nca, ekipten ayr\u0131lma karar\u0131 ald\u0131. FredNoonan ve Amelia Earhart\u2019\u0131n kontrol\u00fcndeki Electra \u00f6nce Afrika\u2019ya oradan da Hint Okyanusu \u00fczerinden Lae, Papua Yeni Gine\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131. Lae\u2019ye geldiklerinde tarih 27 Haziran 1937\u2019yi g\u00f6sterirken yolculu\u011fun 22.000 millik (35.400 km) bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bitirilmi\u015f, geriye sadece 7000 millik (11.200 km) bir Pasifik u\u00e7u\u015fu kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"Plan 2556 mil uzaktaki Howland Adas\u0131\u2019na do\u011fru ilerlemekti. 2 Temmuz 1937 g\u00fcn\u00fc Electra u\u00e7u\u015fa ge\u00e7ti\u011finde u\u00e7akta gerekli erzaklar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sadece bir \u015fi\u015firilebilir bot vard\u0131. Ekip Pasifik \u00fczerinde u\u00e7arken i\u015flerine yaramayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildikleri i\u00e7in para\u015f\u00fctleri u\u00e7aktan indirmi\u015flerdi. Uzun mesafe ileti\u015fim kurmaya yarayan k\u0131sa dalgaboylu telsizler ise yak\u0131t kaplar\u0131na yer a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in geride b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcm bunlara ra\u011fmen Electra ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesinin sadece 50 gallon (190 litre) alt\u0131nda olan 950 gallon (3600) y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

U\u00e7u\u015f ba\u015flar ba\u015flamaz ekip olumsuzluklarla ba\u015f etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u015fahitlerine g\u00f6re telsiz anteni zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Noonan\u2019\u0131n yolu tespit etmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131ran bulutlar ba\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. Bunlar yetmezmi\u015f gibi daha sonra anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere ekip hatal\u0131 haritalar kullan\u0131yordu. Buna g\u00f6re Noonan\u2019da bulunan harita Howland Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 6 mil (9 km) hatal\u0131 g\u00f6steriyordu. Ekibin ileti\u015fimde oldu\u011fu Howland Adas\u0131\u2019nda kullan\u0131lan saat ile u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n saati aras\u0131nda ise daha \u00f6nce fark edilmeyen 30 dakika vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu olumsuzluklar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc olmayan problemlere yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Amelia ve Noonan,Howland Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne geldiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri s\u0131rada, ada k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ada oldu\u011fu ve hava \u015fartlar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kuzey g\u00fcney \u015feridinde gidip gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. 3 Temmuz 1937 sabah\u0131 7:20\u2019de Amelia pozisyon bildirisi yapt\u0131. Ancak kullan\u0131lan saatlerin farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131 sonucu Howland Adas\u0131\u2019nda mesaj 7:42\u2019de al\u0131nd\u0131. Mesajda Amelia \u201c\u00dczerinizde olmal\u0131y\u0131z, ama sizi g\u00f6remiyoruz. Yak\u0131t azalmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Telsizle de size ula\u015famad\u0131k. 1000 feet y\u00fckseklikte u\u00e7u\u015fumuza devam ediyoruz\u201d diyordu. Howland\u2019dan cevap g\u00f6nderildi ama, Amelia\u2019n\u0131n bu mesaj\u0131 al\u0131p almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenilemedi. Son mesaj 8:43\u2019de geldi. Ancak mesaj \u201cAnla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131\u201d olarak belirtildi.<\/p>\n

Telsizle ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ekibin art\u0131k gelmeyece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131nca Howland\u2019da bulunan Ithaca isimli Amerikan ekibi derhal arama ba\u015flatt\u0131. Amerika Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Roosevelt\u2019in onay\u0131yla 4 milyon dolar b\u00fct\u00e7eli, 66 u\u00e7ak ve 4 gemiden olu\u015fan ekip Amelia ve Noonan\u2019\u0131 aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Resmi arama 18 Temmuz 1937\u2019ye kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Amelia\u2019n\u0131n kocas\u0131 George Putnam Ekim 1937\u2019ye kadar s\u00fcren kendi finanse etti\u011fi arama s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatt\u0131. 5 Ocak 1939\u2019da ise Amelia Earhart resmi olarak \u00f6l\u00fc ilan edildi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine teoriler<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine bir\u00e7ok teori \u00fcretildi. Bunlardan bir tanesine g\u00f6re Amelia bir ajand\u0131 ve bizzat Ba\u015fkan Roosevelt taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015fti ve Pasifik\u2019te Japonlar taraf\u0131ndan yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir di\u011ferine g\u00f6re ise Amelia Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019na intihar etmeye gitmi\u015fti ve u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 bilerek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ise mant\u0131kl\u0131 iki teori vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Birincisine g\u00f6re Amelia ve Noonan\u2019\u0131n kontrol\u00fcndeki Electra terkedilmi\u015f ya da d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve ekip denizde \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Havac\u0131l\u0131k uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n bu teoriyi destekleyen a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re Jae\u2019ye kadar olan u\u00e7u\u015fun ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n aksine, Jae\u2019den sonraki u\u00e7u\u015f k\u00f6t\u00fc planlanm\u0131\u015f ve daha da k\u00f6t\u00fc uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha sonra yap\u0131lan incelemelere g\u00f6re u\u00e7akta yeteri kadar yak\u0131t yoktu ve \u015fartlar uygun olsa bile Electra\u2019n\u0131n bu yak\u0131t d\u00fczeyiyle Howland Adas\u0131\u2019na ula\u015fmas\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131. Bu teoriye g\u00f6re u\u00e7ak Howland Adas\u0131\u2019ndan 35 ile 100 mil aras\u0131 bir uzakl\u0131kta d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci teoriye g\u00f6re ise, son mesajlar\u0131ndan sonra ekip bir s\u00fcre daha havada kalm\u0131\u015f ve muhtemelen Gardner Adas\u0131\u2019na ini\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve burada \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015flerdi. Son ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar da bu teoriyi destekler nitelikte. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda b\u00f6lgede k\u0131yafetler ve Electra\u2019n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan cam par\u00e7alar\u0131na rastland\u0131. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada b\u00f6lgede bir kutu krem bulundu, baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131mac\u0131lar bu kremin Amelia\u2019ya ait oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. 2014\u2019te bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi Amelia\u2019n\u0131n u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 Electra\u2019n\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"
Amy Johnson<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Amelia zaman\u0131nda ve Amelia\u2019dan sonra u\u00e7an kimi kad\u0131nlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1 Temmuz 1903\u2019te do\u011fan Amy Johnson<\/strong>, \u0130ngiltere\u2019den Avustralya\u2019ya tek ba\u015f\u0131na u\u00e7an ilk kad\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde hen\u00fcz 27 ya\u015f\u0131nda olan Amy, bir sonraki y\u0131l, 1931\u2019de, yard\u0131mc\u0131 pilotu JackHumphreys ile birlikte Londra\u2019dan Moskova\u2019ya bir g\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131nda u\u00e7an ilk pilotlar oldular. 1760 millik (2830\u00a0km) u\u00e7u\u015fu 21 saatte ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. 1932\u2019de ise kocas\u0131 JimMollison\u2019a ait olan Cape Town-Londra aras\u0131n\u0131 en h\u0131zl\u0131 u\u00e7ma rekorunu k\u0131rd\u0131. 1934\u2019de de \u0130ngiltere-Hindistan aras\u0131 s\u00fcre rekorunu kocas\u0131 ile birlikte yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015fla k\u0131rd\u0131. 1936\u2019da kaybetti\u011fi Cape Town-Londra rekorunu yeniden kazand\u0131. 1940\u2019da 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kurulan, ordunun u\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fehirleraras\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma ile g\u00f6revli \u0130ngiliz Hava Ta\u015f\u0131ma Destek (Air Transport Auxiliary) tak\u0131m\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1941\u2019de bir ta\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, k\u00f6t\u00fc hava \u015fartlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 deniz \u00fczerinde terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131. So\u011fuk denize para\u015f\u00fct\u00fcyle ini\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kar ya\u011fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir \u0130ngiliz donanma gemisinin para\u015f\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmesiyle kurtar\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak h\u0131zlanan kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve \u015fiddetli dalgalardan dolay\u0131 kurtar\u0131lamad\u0131 ve denizde hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Jean Batten rekor \u00fcst\u00fcne rekor k\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cJean\u201d isimli u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131yla.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

15 Eyl\u00fcl 1909\u2019da do\u011fan Jean Gardner Batten<\/strong>, \u0130ngiltere\u2019den Yeni Zelanda\u2019ya ilk yaln\u0131z u\u00e7u\u015fu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren insand\u0131r. Nisan 1933 ve Nisan 1934\u2019de Amy Johnson\u2019a ait Cape Town-Londra yaln\u0131z u\u00e7u\u015f s\u00fcre rekorunu k\u0131rmay\u0131 denedi ama ba\u015faramad\u0131. May\u0131s 1934\u2019te Londra\u2019dan Avustralya\u2019ya 14 g\u00fcn, 22 saatte u\u00e7arak Amy Johnson\u2019a ait bir ba\u015fka rekoru 4 g\u00fcnle k\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. 1935\u2019de \u0130ngiltere Brezilya aras\u0131n\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na u\u00e7arak rekor k\u0131rd\u0131. Brezilya\u2019da verilen G\u00fcney Ni\u015fan\u0131\u2019na lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen asil olmayan ilk ki\u015fidir. 1936\u2019da \u00fcn\u00fcne \u00fcn katt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ngiltere-Yeni Zelanda u\u00e7u\u015funu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. 1938\u2019de \u00a0havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n en prestijli madalyas\u0131 olan Uluslararas\u0131 Havac\u0131l\u0131k Cemiyetinin madalyas\u0131na lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen ilk kad\u0131n oldu. G\u00fczelli\u011fi ve davetlerdeki \u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ona G\u00f6klerin GretaGarbo\u2019su dendi. Tedavi olmay\u0131 reddetti\u011fi k\u00f6pek \u0131s\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sonucu 22 Ocak 1983 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Jerrie Mock D\u00fcnya etraf\u0131ndaki u\u00e7u\u015funu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi Charli takma adl\u0131 \u201cSpirit of Columbus\u201d adl\u0131 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131yla.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

22 Kas\u0131m 1925\u2019de d\u00fcnyaya gelen Jerrie Mock<\/strong>, d\u00fcnya etraf\u0131nda tek ba\u015f\u0131na u\u00e7an ilk kad\u0131nd\u0131r. 19 Mart 1964\u2019te ba\u015flayan yolculuk 29 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve 17 Nisan 1964\u2019te sonland\u0131. Bu yolculukta JerrieMock 22.860 mil (36.790\u00a0km) yol katetti, 21 yerde duraklad\u0131. 1965\u2019de Uluslararas\u0131 Havac\u0131l\u0131k Cemiyeti taraf\u0131ndan bir madalya ile onurland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019nu her iki y\u00f6nden de ge\u00e7en ilk kad\u0131nd\u0131r. 1964\u2019de Amelia Earhart \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019ne de lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l 30 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc evinde \u00f6l\u00fc olarak bulundu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

-LadyLindy, Amelia Earhart’s Life History<\/em>, aviationhistory.org<\/em><\/p>\n

–My Life<\/em>, Jean Batten, George G. Harrap&Co. Ltd., 1938<\/p>\n

–Amy Johnson, Queen of theAir<\/em>, Gillies, Midge, London, Phoenix Paperback, 2004.<\/p>\n

–Three-Eight Charlie<\/em>, JerrieMock, 1970.<\/p>\n

-biography.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O, pilotlu\u011fuyla, kad\u0131n pilotlar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemesiyle ve d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm kad\u0131nlara cesaret ve g\u00fc\u00e7 a\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131yla hat\u0131rlanmay\u0131 hak ediyor. O, Atlantik Okyanusu\u2019nu tek ba\u015f\u0131na u\u00e7arak ge\u00e7en ilk kad\u0131n. O, hem Atlantik Okyanusu hem de Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019nun her ikisi \u00fczerinde de u\u00e7an ilk insan. O, Amelia Earhart\u2026 Amelia Earhart 24 Temmuz 1897\u2019de Amerika\u2019n\u0131n Kansas eyaletindeki Atchison Kenti\u2019nde d\u00fcnyaya geldi. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":741,"featured_media":17120,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[177,2315],"tags":[538,2021,2041],"class_list":["post-17119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-140-sayi","category-kadin-gezginler","tag-gezi","tag-kadin-gezginler","tag-kadin-pilot"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t