{"id":17128,"date":"2018-04-20T06:00:22","date_gmt":"2018-04-20T03:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=17128"},"modified":"2018-04-24T10:37:48","modified_gmt":"2018-04-24T07:37:48","slug":"afrikada-bir-gezgin-mary-kingsley","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/04\/20\/afrikada-bir-gezgin-mary-kingsley","title":{"rendered":"Afrika\u2019da bir gezgin: Mary Kingsley"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Mary Kingsley Afrika\u2019ya bir\u00e7ok maceral\u0131 gezi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek British Museum\u2019a hayvan \u00f6rnekleri toplad\u0131. Afrika inan\u00e7 sistemlerini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini inceledi. O zaman i\u00e7in tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f olan, misyonerler ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci yetkililerin yerli k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerine sayg\u0131 duymalar\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 daha iyi tan\u0131malar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini dile getirdi. Elbette t\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin bu topraklardan daha fazla yararlanabilmesi i\u00e7indi. \u00d6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ve takdirle an\u0131lan bir kad\u0131n olsa da, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oy hakk\u0131 kazanmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131! <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Mary Kingsley 13 Ekim 1862\u2019de Londra\u2019da, yazar bir aile ortam\u0131 i\u00e7inde do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 George Kingsley ve d\u00f6rt erkek karde\u015finin hepsi de yazard\u0131. En \u00fcnl\u00fc karde\u015fi, Charles Kingsley, \u015fair, romanc\u0131 ve ilahiyat\u00e7\u0131 olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_23787\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-23787\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-23787\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mary-Kingsley-1-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-23787\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Kingsley&#8217;in bir portresi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>George Kingsley ve e\u015fi Mary Bailey, \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerden ailenin geri kalan\u0131ndan uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Mary Bailey alt s\u0131n\u0131ftan geliyordu ve ilk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 Mary, \u015f\u00fcpheli bir \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra do\u011fmu\u015ftu. Mary\u2019nin babas\u0131, s\u0131k s\u0131k seyahat eden zengin bir adam i\u00e7in \u00f6zel hekimlik yap\u0131yordu, s\u0131kl\u0131kla ailesinden uzakta oluyordu. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 yerlerinden, maceralar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan heyecanl\u0131 mektuplar yolluyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Evde, Mary\u2019nin annesi genellikle yetmeyen bir b\u00fct\u00e7e ile onu, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck karde\u015fi Charles\u2019\u0131 ve geni\u015f hane halk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle idare ediyordu. Hem anne, hem o\u011ful \u00e7elimsiz ve karars\u0131z oldu\u011fundan, gen\u00e7 Mary evle ilgili g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne artan sorumluluklar \u00fcstlendi. Geleneksel olarak kad\u0131n i\u015fi kabul edilen i\u015flerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u0130ngilizce <em>Mekanik<\/em> adl\u0131 dergiyi okuyarak, di\u011fer bak\u0131m i\u015flerini, \u00f6rne\u011fin borular\u0131n tamirini vs. yap\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p>Mary\u2019n\u0131n yarenlik edebilece\u011fi kimsesi yoktu ve bo\u015f zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 babas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde, co\u011frafya, do\u011fa tarihi ve bilim kitaplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7iriyordu. Alman dilinde bir par\u00e7a \u00f6zel e\u011fitim almas\u0131n\u0131 bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131rsak, \u00e7ok merakl\u0131 ve hatta parlak k\u0131zlar toplumda iyi kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, resmi bir e\u011fitim almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mary \u00fcniversiteye g\u00f6nderilen karde\u015fi George\u2019un akademik projeler i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyordu. 1888\u2019de 16 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Mary, yaln\u0131z ya\u015fayamayacak kadar hasta olan anne babas\u0131n\u0131n her ikisinin de bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlendi. 1892\u2019de birka\u00e7 hafta arayla \u00f6lene kadar, 4 y\u0131l boyunca onlara bakt\u0131. Ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n yolunu kendisinin \u00e7izdi\u011fi geri kalan y\u0131llar\u0131nda da, erkek karde\u015fine bakacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ver elini Afrika!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1893 A\u011fustos\u2019unda, 21 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Mary Kingsley, Bat\u0131 ve Ekvatoryal Afrika yolculu\u011fu i\u00e7in yola koyuldu. Asl\u0131nda, bu onun herhangi bir yere ilk yolculu\u011fuydu ve d\u00fc\u015fmanca bir \u00e7evrede nas\u0131l hayatta kalabilece\u011fi \u00fczerine b\u00fct\u00fcn bildiklerini, babas\u0131n\u0131n seyahat kitaplar\u0131ndan ve ondan dinledi\u011fi hik\u00e2yelerden \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_23790\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-23790\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23790 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mary-Kingsley2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mary-Kingsley2.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mary-Kingsley2-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mary-Kingsley2-100x75.jpg 100w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mary-Kingsley2-180x135.jpg 180w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mary-Kingsley2-238x178.jpg 238w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-23790\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Kingsley&#8217;in Afrika&#8217;da bir gorille kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 betimleyen resim.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Yolculu\u011funun ilk amac\u0131 bilimseldi, British Museum\u2019u onlar\u0131n koleksiyonu i\u00e7in bal\u0131k numuneleri toplamak \u00fczere kendisine izin vermesi i\u00e7in ikna etmi\u015fti. Bir projesi onaylanm\u0131\u015f do\u011fabilimci olmas\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na seyahat eden kad\u0131nlara mesafeli davranan Viktoryen toplumunun k\u0131namas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kabilmesini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Kaba saba t\u00fcccarlarla kolayca arkada\u015f olabilece\u011fi bir y\u00fck gemisiyle yolculuk yapt\u0131. Onlardan Afrikal\u0131 insanlar ve topraklar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgiler ald\u0131. P\u0131l\u0131 p\u0131rt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yacak birka\u00e7 hamal ve Afrika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 boyunca da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitli Avrupa ticaret \u015firketleri taraf\u0131ndan verilen imtiyazl\u0131 eri\u015fim izniyle Kongo\u2019nun i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na seyahat etti. Her zaman uzun etekler ve b\u00f6ceklere kar\u015f\u0131 koruma olarak y\u00fcksek yakalar giyerdi. Yan\u0131nda dikenler ve keskin bir b\u0131\u00e7ak ta\u015f\u0131yan Kingsley, birka\u00e7 ay s\u00fcren seyahat s\u0131ras\u0131nda kano kullanma, t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fte ustala\u015ft\u0131. Kas\u0131rgalar atlatt\u0131, timsah sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Afrika\u2019ya yeniden 1893\u2019de d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve birka\u00e7 kez daha yolculuk yaparak, British Museum i\u00e7in bal\u0131k, kertenkele, y\u0131lan ve b\u00f6cek toplamaya devam etti. Bulgular\u0131 aras\u0131nda, daha \u00f6nce bilinmeyen bir bal\u0131k vard\u0131; onun taraf\u0131ndan adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Afrika dinlerindeki feti\u015fler \u00fczerine bir\u00a0 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc ve yamyaml\u0131k s\u00f6ylentilerini ara\u015ft\u0131rarak, konu hakk\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca \u00e7ok \u015fey \u00f6\u011frenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ona Ekvator Afrikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 boydan boya ge\u00e7irten yolculuklar\u0131, daha \u00f6nce Avrupal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mungo Mah Lobeh diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir da\u011fa t\u0131rmanan ikinci Avrupal\u0131 oldu.\u00a0 Kurnaz bir t\u00fcccar, neye ihtiyac\u0131 olursa olsun, t\u00fct\u00fcn paketleri ve giysiler i\u00e7in yerli topluluklarla onun i\u00e7in pazarl\u0131k yap\u0131yordu. \u0130ki tane \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 kitab\u0131, \u201cBat\u0131 Afrika\u2019da Yolculuk\u201d (<em>Travels in West Africa<\/em>, 1897) ve \u201cBat\u0131 Afrika \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201dnda (West African Studies, 1899), macera ve ke\u015fiflerini tan\u0131mlar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda babas\u0131n\u0131n yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda tuttu\u011fu g\u00fcnl\u00fckler \u00fczerinde de \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve onlar\u0131 1900\u2019de, <em>Spor ve Yolculuk \u00dczerine Notlar<\/em> ad\u0131yla bast\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130ngiltere\u2019de erkekten a\u015fa\u011f\u0131, Afrika\u2019da yerliden \u00fcst\u00fcn<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kingsley \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki Afrika yolculu\u011fu molalar\u0131nda, erkek karde\u015fine bakman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, politik yaz\u0131lar ve raporlar da yazar. Gazetelerde hakk\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan ya da onun yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lardan, okurlar onu bir \u201ckahraman\u201d olarak tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Kingsley halka a\u00e7\u0131k konu\u015fmalar yapmaya giri\u015fir; yolculuklar\u0131n\u0131 dramatik detaylar ve mizahi unsurlarla harmanlayarak renkli bir bi\u00e7imde anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmalar yapar. \u00d6nde gelen dergilerde yay\u0131mlanan makalelerinde, Afrika topraklar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngiltere \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na dahil edilmesinde, b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131n de\u011fil, t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunur. H\u0131ristiyan misyonerlerinin de, geleneksel Afrika k\u00fclt\u00fcrleriyle ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131yla m\u00fccadele etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken yarardan \u00e7ok zarar verdiklerini yazar. Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n uygarla\u015fmak i\u00e7in Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyan \u00e7ocuklar olarak de\u011fil, sofistike ve zeki\u00a0 insanlar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeleri gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler.<br \/>\nKendisi de, onlara ait ko\u015fullarda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Afrikal\u0131lara, etiketlerin ve kategorilerin \u00f6tesinde yakla\u015fabilmi\u015f, iyi ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirebilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-23788 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mary-Kingsley-4-226x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"226\" height=\"300\" \/>Kingsley cesareti ve kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131yla \u0130ngiltere kamuoyunda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan, takdir g\u00f6ren, \u00f6nc\u00fc bir kad\u0131n olsa da, kendisinin bir feminist olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 giri\u015fimlerine direndi. Kad\u0131nlara oy hakk\u0131 verilmemesi gerekti\u011fini savundu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bilin\u00e7li oy kullanmak i\u00e7in yeterince donan\u0131ml\u0131, e\u011fitimli ve ak\u0131ll\u0131 de\u011fildiler! Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n entelekt\u00fcel ve fiziksel olarak erkeklerle e\u015fit olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Tehlikeli kabul edilen topraklarda, uzun ete\u011fi \u00fczerindeyken, bir erke\u011fin yapabilece\u011fi her \u015feyi yapm\u0131\u015f, t\u0131rmanm\u0131\u015f, kilometrelerce y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, timsahlarla ba\u015f etmi\u015fti; erkeklere atfedilen fiziksel beceriye bir kad\u0131n\u0131n da sahip olabilece\u011fini ispatlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yin de yapabildi\u011fi her \u015feyi, erkeklerin e\u015fli\u011finde tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulama gere\u011fi duyuyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Kingsley\u2019in eserleri, emperyalist s\u00f6ylem, kad\u0131n\u0131n temsili, do\u011faya yakla\u015f\u0131m, yerlilere bak\u0131\u015f\u0131, antropolojik ve biyolojik katk\u0131lar\u0131 vs. a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, farkl\u0131 boyutlar\u0131yla, farkl\u0131 ki\u015filerce analiz edilmi\u015ftir. Kingsley\u2019in kendi \u201cevinde\u201d bir \u201ckad\u0131n\u201d olarak erkeklerden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olmay\u0131 kabullenirken, bu konum ve rolden \u201cerkeksile\u015ferek\u201d \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fti\u011fi Afrika\u2019da, bir \u201cbeyaz\u201d olarak kendini yerlilerden \u00fcst\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n<p>1900\u2019\u00fcn Mart ay\u0131nda, Afrika\u2019ya son yolculu\u011funa ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130ngiltere, o s\u0131rada, Boerlerle (Afrikal\u0131, iki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z cumhuriyetle) sava\u015f halindeydi: II. Boer Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Mary Kingsley, daha \u00e7ok bal\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fc toplamak istiyordu, ancak bunun yerine, Cape Town yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Simonstown\u2019daki Sava\u015f Esirleri Hastanesi\u2019nde hem\u015firelik yapmaya g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc oldu. Oraya ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hem esirler hem de hem\u015fireler i\u00e7in y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 olan tifo salg\u0131n\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. \u00a0\u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden o da kendini ate\u015fler i\u00e7inde buldu ve 3 Haziran 1900\u2019de, Simonstown\u2019da ate\u015f nedeniyle \u00f6ld\u00fc. Hen\u00fcz 37 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u0130ste\u011fine uyularak, \u00f6l\u00fc bedeni denize at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u201cMary Kingsley\u201d, <em>Great Lives from History: The Nineteenth Century<\/em> i\u00e7inde, Salem Press, 2007.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u201cBirth of Mary Kingsley\u201d, <em>History Today<\/em>, Ekim 2012.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 Alison Blunt, \u00a0<em>Travel, Gender, and Imperialism: Mary Kingsley and West Africa<\/em>. New York: Guilford, 1994.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"td_quote_box td_box_center\"><p><strong>Rudyard Kipling anlat\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mary Kinsley ile ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fayan, yazar Rudyard Kipling, onunla birka\u00e7 kez kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve cesaretini takdir etmi\u015fti. Kingsley\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra onunla ilgili an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kaleme ald\u0131 (Rudyard Kipling, <em>Mary Kingsley<\/em>, Garden City, N.Y., 1932)\u00a0 ve ona adad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir de \u015fiir yazd\u0131. Ekim 1932\u2019de yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 metinden bir al\u0131nt\u0131:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_23789\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-23789\" style=\"width: 258px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23789\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mary-Kingsley-pulu.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"258\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mary-Kingsley-pulu.jpg 258w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mary-Kingsley-pulu-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mary-Kingsley-pulu-100x75.jpg 100w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mary-Kingsley-pulu-180x135.jpg 180w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mary-Kingsley-pulu-238x178.jpg 238w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 258px) 100vw, 258px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-23789\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">May\u0131s 1969&#8217;da bas\u0131lan, B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya (K\u00e2\u015fifler) serisinden Mary Kingsley pulu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cMary Kingsley ile ilk kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmam Boer Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nceydi. Ben \u00e7ocukken bana kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok nazik olan \u00fc\u00e7 keyifli ya\u015fl\u0131 han\u0131mefendinin evinde tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Hat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m karad\u0131yla, yamyamlar aras\u0131nda pratik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir Bat\u0131 Afrika seferinden d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. (\u2026) Anlatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hepsi, Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n vah\u015fili\u011fi ve oralarda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 maceralard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNehirleri ge\u00e7erken, bazen timsah s\u0131rtlar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini s\u00f6yledi. Tabii ki insan olarak, korktu\u011fu \u015feyler ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131; ama anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu olaya hi\u00e7biri yakla\u015fmayacakt\u0131. Timsahlardan hi\u00e7 hazzetmiyordu, ama ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6denek, t\u00fcm di\u011fer hayvanlar gibi, timsahlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eriyordu. Bir keresinde bir nehri, sahipsiz Bat\u0131 Afrika m\u00fcfrezelerinden birinden sayg\u0131de\u011fer bir beyaz \u00e7avu\u015fun sorumlulu\u011funda ge\u00e7iyorlard\u0131 ki; bir \u015fey teknelerini alabora etti. Suyun i\u00e7inde bir iti\u015f kak\u0131\u015f, bir m\u00fccadele oldu, \u00e7amurlu bir dinginlikten k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Mary y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00c7avu\u015f onu h\u0131zla tekneye \u00e7ekerken, \u2018H\u00e2l\u00e2 hayatta\u00a0 m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z Bayan?\u2019 diyordu. Mary, \u2018\u00d6yleyim\u2019 dedikten bir an sonra, s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015feyden emin oldu. \u2018\u00d6yleyse\u2019 diye devam etti \u00e7avu\u015f, \u2018size bacaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 h\u0131zla i\u00e7eri \u00e7ekmenizi tavsiye ederim. Burada pusuya yatm\u0131\u015f say\u0131s\u0131z timsah olabilir.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak:<\/strong> http:\/\/www.kiplingsociety.co.uk\/kingsley.htm<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mary Kingsley Afrika\u2019ya bir\u00e7ok maceral\u0131 gezi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek British Museum\u2019a hayvan \u00f6rnekleri toplad\u0131. Afrika inan\u00e7 sistemlerini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini inceledi. O zaman i\u00e7in tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f olan, misyonerler ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci yetkililerin yerli k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerine sayg\u0131 duymalar\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 daha iyi tan\u0131malar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini dile getirdi. Elbette t\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin bu topraklardan daha fazla yararlanabilmesi i\u00e7indi. \u00d6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ve [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":470,"featured_media":23786,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[177,2315,222],"tags":[2042,538],"class_list":["post-17128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-140-sayi","category-kadin-gezginler","category-tarih","tag-gezgin-kadinlar","tag-gezi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/470"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17128"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17128\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23786"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}