Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ortada (merkezde) oldu\u011fu ve di\u011fer k\u0131talara oranland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek boyutlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi, co\u011frafya biliminin ciddi ideolojik \u00e7arp\u0131tmalar i\u00e7erebilece\u011finin a\u015fik\u00e2r\u0131 olan, d\u00fcnya k\u00fcresinin iki boyutlu d\u00fczlemde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak temsil edildi\u011fi (klasik) bir atlas getirin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne. Tam da, b\u00f6yle ideolojik y\u00fcklerle nesnellik iddias\u0131 sakatlanm\u0131\u015f bir 18. – 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l d\u00fcnya atlas\u0131n\u0131n uzak k\u00f6\u015felerine ayak izlerini b\u0131rakma cesaretini g\u00f6steren kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ele al\u0131yoruz bu dosyada.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsano\u011fullar\u0131 gibi insank\u0131zlar\u0131 da, t\u00fcrlerinin on binlerce y\u0131l\u0131 bulan tarihi boyunca yolculuklara \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ku\u015fkusuz. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde herhangi bir toprak par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek anlamda ke\u015ffinden s\u00f6z edeceksek, 160 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine, t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki uzun y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne Afrika\u2019da ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlara gitmek gerek. 10.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine gelindi\u011finde, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde insan\u0131n kad\u0131nl\u0131 erkekli ayak izi b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131ta kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ama uygarl\u0131k tarihi boyunca, ya\u011fmalamak ya da ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen seferler ve geli\u015fen ticaretle birlikte ad\u0131m ad\u0131m artan d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki insan hareketlili\u011fini, yak\u0131n \u00e7ekimle yava\u015flatarak seyretme imk\u00e2n\u0131m\u0131z olsa, as\u0131l olarak erkek y\u00fczleri g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fck. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc, 14. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131n\u0131 \u201cke\u015ffetmeye\u201d giri\u015fmesiyle, say\u0131ca artan, mesafece uzayan, nitelik\u00e7e de\u011fi\u015fen yolculuklarda da farkl\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131. Devam eden y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, uzak k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin topraklar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131-\u00fcst\u00fc ya\u011fmalan\u0131r, insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilir, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, canlar\u0131ndan edilirken ya da farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalardaki bitki ve hayvan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n, jeolojik yap\u0131lar\u0131n; eski ve ya\u015famakta olan farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin bilgisine eri\u015fmek (sahip olmak) i\u00e7in bilimsel ke\u015fif gezileri d\u00fczenlenirken, atlas \u00fczerinde esasta bir erkek trafi\u011fiydi ya\u015fanan. Zenginlikle ve bilgiyle gelecek g\u00fcc\u00fc, iktidar\u0131, \u201ctarihsel olarak hak etmi\u015f\u201d cinsiyet \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu yolculuklara.<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n toplumsal konumu Bat\u0131\u2019da da kolay kolay de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir. Kad\u0131nlara bi\u00e7ilen as\u0131l mek\u00e2n \u201cyuva\u201d, as\u0131l rol \u201cannelikti\u201d, toplumsal ve siyasi alanlar ya da i\u015flevlerden uzak tutulmu\u015flard\u0131. Frans\u0131z Devrimi ile ye\u015feren toplumsal ve cinsel e\u015fitlik\u00e7i fikirlere ra\u011fmen, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00fcniversiteye gitmesi yasakt\u0131, siyasi alana girme, oy kullanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler ve Amerika dahil, ancak 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda elde ettiler.<\/p>\n
Bu dosyada ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve devam say\u0131larda da ele alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yolculuklar\u0131n\u0131n, ilk\u00f6nce, cenderesine sokulduklar\u0131 geleneksel mek\u00e2n ve rollerden d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya bir ad\u0131m atmakla ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Jean Baret<\/strong>, Frans\u0131z Donanmas\u0131 \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re gemilerde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 yasakken, aylarca s\u00fcrecek bir bilimsel ke\u015fif yolculu\u011funa dahil olmay\u0131 g\u00f6ze alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, tabii ki erkek k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, Nellie Bly<\/strong>\u2019a bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, gazetecilik ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131layan ve yerinin yuvalar\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen bir yazara tepkiyle ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, emek\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlendirilmeleriyle ilgili m\u00fccadelelerle devam etti\u011fi; yoksul bir aileden gelen bir kad\u0131n olarak, cinsel ve toplumsal olarak kendisini ezen d\u00fczene ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca meydan okudu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Yolculu\u011fu da bir meydan okumad\u0131r: Jules Verne\u2019in 80 g\u00fcnde d\u00fcnyay\u0131 dola\u015fan erkek kahraman\u0131 Phileas Fogg\u2019un rekorunu k\u0131rmak istemi\u015ftir. Burada ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve ilerleyen say\u0131larda ele alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her kad\u0131n\u0131n hik\u00e2yesi, toplumsal cinsiyet kabullerine k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc itirazlar i\u00e7eriyor. Kendimize en uzak hissedece\u011fimiz \u00f6rnek olan \u0130sabella Bird<\/strong> bile, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131nda kendisini \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye zincirleyecek evlili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na serecek \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ye\u011flemi\u015ftir. Alexandra Tinn\u00e9 <\/strong>ya da \u0130da Pfeiffer<\/strong>\u2019in tutkun olduklar\u0131 yolculuklar\u0131 finanse edebilmek i\u00e7in, diledikleri gibi harcayabilecekleri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir b\u00fct\u00e7eye ula\u015fabilmeleri, ancak baba ya da kocalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Kad\u0131n gezginleri, erkek gezginlere g\u00f6re nadir yaparak, bizim a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131zdan hik\u00e2yelerini cinsiyet temelinde bir araya getirerek anlatmaya de\u011fer k\u0131lan, i\u015fte atlamalar\u0131 gereken bu tarihsel ve toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitsizli\u011fi basama\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ku\u015fkusuz, Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irirken ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc k\u00fcreselle\u015ftirirken \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lan yolculuklarda kad\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olabilseydi de, benzer \u015feyler ya\u015fan\u0131rd\u0131: Geli\u015fen t\u00fcccar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla zenginlik g\u00fcd\u00fcs\u00fcyle ba\u015flayan, \u00fclkelerin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirme niyetleriyle devam eden bu yolculuklarda, gittikleri yerlere uygarl\u0131k ve \u201chizmet\u201d ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 bilinciyle kendilerini hakl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak ve \u00fcst\u00fcn g\u00f6rerek, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ya\u011fma, y\u0131k\u0131m ve zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (genel anlamda) kad\u0131nlar da yapard\u0131. Nitekim, bu dosyada ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u201cBat\u0131l\u0131\u201d her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6nyarg\u0131y\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131ndan \u00fcst\u00fcn olduklar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7selle\u015ftirildi\u011fi bir bilin\u00e7le hareket ettikleri ve gerekti\u011finde \u00fclkelerinin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirme faaliyetlerine destek olduklar\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Bu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n arkalar\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131, gezilerini anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 eserler, bu a\u00e7\u0131lardan tek tek incelenebilir ve tarihsel ba\u011flamlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak benzer bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan analiz edilebilir. Birka\u00e7 say\u0131 devam edecek dosyam\u0131z\u0131 haz\u0131rlarken, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hik\u00e2yelerinden \u00e7ok \u015fey \u00f6\u011frendik ve keyifle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Umar\u0131z sizler de, dosyan\u0131n akademik bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma de\u011fil, pop\u00fcler bir yay\u0131n oldu\u011funu bilerek, keyifle okursunuz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ortada (merkezde) oldu\u011fu ve di\u011fer k\u0131talara oranland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek boyutlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi, co\u011frafya biliminin ciddi ideolojik \u00e7arp\u0131tmalar i\u00e7erebilece\u011finin a\u015fik\u00e2r\u0131 olan, d\u00fcnya k\u00fcresinin iki boyutlu d\u00fczlemde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak temsil edildi\u011fi (klasik) bir atlas getirin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne. Tam da, b\u00f6yle ideolojik y\u00fcklerle nesnellik iddias\u0131 sakatlanm\u0131\u015f bir 18. – 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l d\u00fcnya atlas\u0131n\u0131n uzak k\u00f6\u015felerine ayak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":470,"featured_media":17292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[176,222,29],"tags":[538,557,2021],"class_list":["post-17291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-139-sayi","category-tarih","category-toplum","tag-gezi","tag-kadin","tag-kadin-gezginler"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t