{"id":17552,"date":"2017-08-01T13:00:58","date_gmt":"2017-08-01T10:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=17552"},"modified":"2018-03-13T14:59:37","modified_gmt":"2018-03-13T11:59:37","slug":"fields-madalyali-ilk-kadin-matematikciyi-genc-yasta-kaybettik-meryem-mirzakhaninin-curetli-hayal-gucu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2017\/08\/01\/fields-madalyali-ilk-kadin-matematikciyi-genc-yasta-kaybettik-meryem-mirzakhaninin-curetli-hayal-gucu","title":{"rendered":"Fields Madalyal\u0131 ilk kad\u0131n matematik\u00e7iyi gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta kaybettik:\u00a0Ah Meryem Mirzakhani!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mirzakhani elinin hamuruyla erkek i\u015flerine giri\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7acak c\u00fcretiyle, b\u00fcy\u00fck sorular sormas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak c\u00fcretli hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcyle, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ufukta g\u00f6z\u00fckmese de sorular\u0131n ard\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7acak g\u00f6z\u00fc kara tutkusuyla; pek \u00e7ok erkek meslekta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 geride b\u0131rakacak azmi, ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla matematikte hayranl\u0131k uyand\u0131ran i\u015fler ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ve Fields Madalyas\u0131n\u0131 alan ilk kad\u0131n olmu\u015ftu. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u201cy\u00fcksek\u201d matematik yapabildi\u011finin en a\u00e7\u0131k, en g\u00fczel kan\u0131t\u0131yd\u0131\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cKendi ufkunu olu\u015fturabilecek becerilere, c\u00fcretli bir hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcne, g\u00f6z\u00fc kara bir tutkuya sahipti.\u201d(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Y\u00fckseklisans ve doktora dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Curtis McMullen\u2019in Meryem Mirzakhani i\u00e7in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi bu s\u00f6zler d\u00f6n\u00fcyor kafam\u0131n i\u00e7inde: \u201cC\u00fcretli bir hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcne\u201d sahip olabilmek\u2026 C\u00fcret\u2026 Bir kad\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal alanda varolabilmek, elinin hamuruyla erkek i\u015flerine giri\u015febilmek i\u00e7in sahip olmas\u0131 gereken. Ama hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcndeki\u2026 \u0130\u015fte o \u00e7ok daha temel bir \u201cc\u00fcret.\u201d Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce beyni, do\u011fumdan itibaren i\u00e7ine ince ince i\u015flenmi\u015f, \u00f6r\u00fcmcek a\u011flar\u0131yla dolu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerden kurtarabilmek\u2026 Tarih i\u00e7inde, kendisini dillendirecek milyonlarca a\u011f\u0131z bulmu\u015f yarg\u0131lar, s\u0131kl\u0131kla kendini gelene\u011fin bek\u00e7isi sayan insanlar\u0131n, hi\u00e7bir \u015feyden korkmad\u0131klar\u0131 kadar kad\u0131ndan korkan din bezirg\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n, nas\u0131l b\u00f6yle c\u00fcce fikirleri olaca\u011f\u0131na hayret edece\u011finiz dev filozoflar\u0131n-ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n, hatta erkeklerin neden bilim yapmaya kad\u0131nlardan daha yatk\u0131n oldu\u011funu ispatlamaya giri\u015fmi\u015f bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131nkini: \u201cKad\u0131nlar, bilimden, felsefeden, matematikten anlamaz!\u201d, \u201cKad\u0131nlar soyut d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye yatk\u0131n de\u011fildir!\u201d c\u00fcmlelerini, bizim i\u00e7 sesimiz, kendimize dair yarg\u0131m\u0131z haline getiren ebeveynlerimiz, \u00f6\u011fretmenlerimizden ba\u015flayarak,\u00a0 t\u00fcm ideolojik ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n sesinden kurtulabilmek\u2026 Tasavvuru, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi b\u00fct\u00fcn bu prangalardan \u00f6zg\u00fcr b\u0131rakabilmek ve ufuklara uzanmalar\u0131na izin verebilmek\u2026 C\u00fcretle hayal edebilmek.<\/p>\n

Ku\u015fkusuz dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n\u0131n vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Meryem Mirzakhani bilimde \u201ckad\u0131n olarak\u201d varolabilme c\u00fcretinden daha \u00e7ok, matematikte \u201cc\u00fcretle hayal edebiliyor\u201d olmas\u0131. Ama bu ikisi birbirinden ne kadar ayr\u0131d\u0131r sorusu, \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeye de\u011ferdir kan\u0131mca.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Art\u0131k kimse matemati\u011fin en prestijli \u00f6d\u00fcllerinden olan Fields Madalyas\u0131n\u0131, Meryem Mirzakani\u2019yi anmadan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemeyecek.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck sorular\u0131n pe\u015finde<\/strong><\/p>\n

Meryem Mirzakhani, \u201cc\u00fcretle hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn\u201d bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck sorular sorabilen bir matematik\u00e7iydi. Kendisi de Fields \u00d6d\u00fcll\u00fc olan Curtis McMullen, Mirzakhani 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda, hen\u00fcz Harvard \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde lisans\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6\u011frencisiyken aralar\u0131nda ge\u00e7en diyalo\u011fu an\u0131ms\u0131yor. O s\u0131ralarda McMullen, bir donut y\u00fczeyi (ortas\u0131 delikli tatl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6rek) gibi iki delikli olan, i\u00e7ine katlanabilir soyut bir masa \u00fczerinde, bilardo toplar\u0131n\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ilgili, uzun s\u00fcredir var olan bir problemi \u00e7\u00f6zm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ke\u015fif olarak matematik camias\u0131nda yank\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun konu \u00fczerindeki sunumunu dinleyen Mirzakhani ise McMullen\u2019e, teoremi, daha karma\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczeyler yerine neden iki delikli bir y\u00fczey i\u00e7in kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorar. McMullen, \u201c\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ne kadar zor olabilece\u011fi hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir fikri yoktu\u201d diyor. Soruyu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na geni\u015fletmekten hi\u00e7bir bi\u00e7imde \u00e7ekinmemi\u015ftir; \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn ufukta g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcp g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemesinden daha \u00f6nemlidir, b\u00fcy\u00fck sorular\u0131n pe\u015finde olmak\u2026 Mirzakhani neredeyse on y\u0131l boyunca akl\u0131nda bu soruyu d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr, taa ki bir yan\u0131t bulana kadar.<\/p>\n

2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u015eikago \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Alex Eskin ile birlikte yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 172 sayfal\u0131k makalede, McMullen\u2019in sonucunu iki ya da daha fazla donut deli\u011fi olan t\u00fcm y\u00fczeylere geni\u015fletmeyi ve matemati\u011fin geometri, topoloji ve dinamik sistemler gibi farkl\u0131 alanlar\u0131n\u0131 bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6zelinde birbirine ba\u011flamay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r! Mirzakhani\u2019nin di\u011fer bulgular\u0131 aras\u0131nda, hiperbolik geometri (eyer \u015fekillerinin geometrisi) ve sicim teorisi aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131 da vard\u0131r. \u015eikago \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Benson Farb, Mirzakhani\u2019nin doktora tezinde \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc problemlerin her birini \u00e7\u00f6zm\u00fc\u015f olman\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir olay olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunlar\u0131n birbiriyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kurman\u0131n da daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olay olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Mirzakhani tek bir tezde hepsini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f. Doktora tezi, \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 makale halinde en sayg\u0131n matematik dergilerinde bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Curtis McMullen, Mirzakhani\u2019nin modern zamanlarda az rastlan\u0131r bi\u00e7imde, uzmanla\u015fmalar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun i\u00e7in gereken ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc problem \u00e7\u00f6zme yetene\u011fine ve iddial\u0131 bir matematiksel ufka sahip oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cDo\u011frultu at\u0131ml\u0131 bir deprem d\u00fczene\u011fiyle geometrisi deforme edildi\u011finde hiperbolik y\u00fczeylere ne olur?\u201d sorusunun \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak gibi\u2026<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u201cy\u00fcksek\u201d matematik yapabildi\u011finin en g\u00fczel, en a\u00e7\u0131k kan\u0131t\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Mirzakhani\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck sorular\u0131n pe\u015fine, g\u00f6z\u00fc kara bir tutkuyla, pes etmek bilmeyen bir azim ve inat\u00e7\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131kla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlere ula\u015f\u0131yor olmas\u0131 \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden meyvesini verecektir: 1936\u2019dan beri verilmekte olan, matemati\u011fin en prestijli \u00f6d\u00fcllerinden Fields Madalyas\u0131n\u0131 alan ilk kad\u0131n ve ilk \u0130ranl\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

\u0130roniktir ki, 40 ya\u015f alt\u0131ndaki ki\u015filere verilen Fields Madalyas\u0131, erken katk\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, gelece\u011fin matemati\u011finde belirleyici olacak, izlenmesi gereken matematik\u00e7ilerin se\u00e7ilmesi olarak da yorumlan\u0131r. Ah ki Meryem, \u015fimdiye kadar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc, hayranl\u0131k verici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelecekte yapaca\u011f\u0131 umulan onca katk\u0131dan, matemati\u011fi kendisini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek, belirleyecek, \u00fczerinde dalga dalga etki b\u0131rakacak onca g\u00fczel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmden mahrum b\u0131rakarak, hen\u00fcz 6 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u0131z\u0131 Anahita gibi \u00f6ks\u00fcz koyarak, erkenden kalk\u0131p gitmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Hen\u00fcz 40 ya\u015f\u0131nda, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131ran parlak bir y\u0131ld\u0131zken, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelece\u011fe uzanan kad\u0131nlar soy zincirine kal\u0131c\u0131 bir an\u0131 olarak kaz\u0131yarak, ak\u0131p yitmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Mirzakhani\u2019nin b\u00fcnyesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta oldu\u011fu Stanford \u00dcniversitesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Marc Tessier-Lavigne\u2019nin s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi, \u201cMeryem \u00e7ok erken gitti, ancak etkisi matematik ve bilimde izlerini takip edecek, etkiledi\u011fi binlerce kad\u0131nda ya\u015fayacakt\u0131r.\u201d(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Tessier-Lavigne, Meryem Mirzakhani\u2019nin g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde olmaktan \u00e7ok ho\u015flanmasa da, kendisine verilen \u00f6d\u00fclleri, onurland\u0131rmalar\u0131, ba\u015fka kad\u0131nlar\u0131 benzer yollar\u0131 izlemeye te\u015fvik edece\u011fi \u00fcmidiyle kabul eden, son derece al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc bir insan oldu\u011fu yorumunu da yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Fieelds Madalyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Matematikte Kad\u0131nlar Derne\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Massachusetts, Waltham\u2019daki Brandeis \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden matematik\u00e7i Ruth Charney, \u201cArt\u0131k kimse, Fields Madalyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 Meryem Mirzakhani\u2019yi akl\u0131na getirmeden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemeyecek. Mirzakhani, h\u00e2l\u00e2 aksini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler i\u00e7in, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kesinlikle birinci s\u0131n\u0131f matematik yapabildi\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015faretidir\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesini yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.(3)<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizden bir kad\u0131n matematik\u00e7i, T\u00fcrk Matematik Derne\u011fi ve Avrupa Matematik Derne\u011fi\u2019nin Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00dcyesi ve Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi Matematik B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Bet\u00fcl Tanbay ise, Mirzakhani\u2019nin kayb\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, \u201cMaryam Mirzakhani hem kad\u0131n hem de \u0130ranl\u0131 olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, matematikte m\u00fckemmelli\u011fin bir co\u011frafya veya cinsiyet meselesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, evrensel ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hepimizin oldu\u011funu bizlere hep hat\u0131rlatacak\u201d \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildiriyor.(4)<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelece\u011fe uzanan c\u00fcretk\u00e2r kad\u0131nlar soy zincirine eklendi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mirzakhani, kendisiyle yap\u0131lan bir s\u00f6yle\u015fide, matematik yapmay\u0131 uzun ve \u00e7etin bir y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe benzetmi\u015fti: Hi\u00e7bir ize rastlan\u0131lmayan, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fckmedi\u011fi, sonsuzlu\u011fa uzanan bir yolda y\u00fcr\u00fcme hali. Kimisi matematik\u00e7i kad\u0131nlardan gelen yukar\u0131daki yorumlarda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, Mirzakhani, o yolun ufkunda y\u00fcr\u00fcyecek nice kad\u0131na esin oldu\u2026 Ve o yolun kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan parkurunda, i\u00e7sel ve d\u0131\u015fsal engellerini c\u00fcretleriyle a\u015fan, kimisi hemcinslerinden gelecek \u00e7elmelere, tuzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ukurlara, \u00f6n\u00fcne gelindi\u011finde duvarla\u015fan kap\u0131lara ra\u011fmen y\u0131lmadan yoluna devam eden kad\u0131n matematik\u00e7ilerin soy zincirine eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, kendi katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, \u201cAkl\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak y\u00f6neten ger\u00e7ek kad\u0131n \/ O lacivert ta\u015f\u0131ndan bir tableti harekete ge\u00e7irdi \/ O b\u00fct\u00fcn diyarlara yol g\u00f6sterdi\u2026 \/ O b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6kleri \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc, \/ O d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm kordonlar\u0131 ge\u00e7irdi\u201d dizeleriyle \u015fiirle\u015ftiren, yakla\u015f\u0131k M\u00d6 2354\u2019de ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, Akad Kral\u0131 Sargon\u2019un k\u0131z\u0131, Ay Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Nanna\u2019n\u0131n Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Ba\u015frahibesi, g\u00f6kcisimlerinin hareketlerini g\u00f6steren haritalar yapan ve ilk ay takviminin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunan matematik\u00e7i-\u015fair Enheduenna\u2019n\u0131n\u2026<\/p>\n

Yobazlar bedenini lime lime etseler de, eserleri \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi ile birlikte yak\u0131lsa da, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130skenderiye\u2019yi bir matematik merkezi olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karsa da, ad\u0131 belki de tarihin en etkili filozoflar\u0131 aras\u0131na kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, filozoflu\u011funun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hareketleri, say\u0131lar ve konikler \u00fczerinde de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir matematik\u00e7i olan Hypatia\u2019n\u0131n\u2026<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar \u00fcniversitelere giremedi\u011finden 1800\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda Politeknik Okulu\u2019nun derslerini, d\u00f6nemin matematik\u00e7ileriyle erkek ad\u0131yla mektupla\u015farak takip eden, ailesi matemati\u011fe ilgisine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan geceleri yorgan\u0131n alt\u0131nda gizlice \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Frans\u0131z Bilimler Akademisi\u2019nin a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmle kazanan, ancak bir \u201ckad\u0131n oldu\u011funun\u201d anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bunu ancak 5 y\u0131l sonra alabilen, doktora derecesine \u00e7abalar\u0131 sonucunda y\u0131llar sonra ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gene Mirzakhani ile ayn\u0131 nedenden, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kanserinden \u00e7oktan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f olan Sophie German\u2019\u0131n\u2026<\/p>\n

Sophie German\u2019dan yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra, h\u00e2l\u00e2 Rusya\u2019da \u00fcniversiteye kad\u0131nlar kabul edilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da deneyen, ama burada da dersleri ancak mektupla takip etmesine izin verilen, ancak \u00e7ok ses getiren makaleler haz\u0131rlad\u0131ktan sonra G\u00f6ttingen \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden doktora alabilen ve nihayet y\u0131llar sonra Stockholm \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ders verebilme hakk\u0131na kavu\u015fan, ancak maa\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcniversitenin de\u011fil \u00f6\u011frencilerin kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019nde devrim \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131, Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nde yaral\u0131lara hem\u015firelik yapm\u0131\u015f, matematik\u00e7ili\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra romanlar da yazm\u0131\u015f Sophie Kovalavskaya\u2019n\u0131n\u2026<\/p>\n

1882 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezinden dolay\u0131 hak etti\u011fi doktora derecesini John Hopkins \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden ancak 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda 79 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken alabilen Christine Ladd-Franklin\u2019in\u2026<\/p>\n

Ve matemati\u011fin, di\u011fer bilimlerin ve felsefenin g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa bo\u011fmu\u015f, buradaki \u00fc\u00e7-be\u015f \u00f6rnekten \u00e7ok \u00e7ok daha fazla say\u0131daki nice y\u0131ld\u0131z kad\u0131n\u0131n soy zincirine\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc bile kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerindeki tabular\u0131 y\u0131kmaya devam etti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ne ac\u0131d\u0131r ki, Mirzakhani ya\u015fam\u0131yla oldu\u011fu kadar \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle de kad\u0131nlara dair tabular\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fc takmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu oldu\u011fu \u0130ran\u2019da gazeteler, Mirzakhani\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc duyurduklar\u0131 ilk sayfalar\u0131ndaki geni\u015f haberlerde, ba\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0130ran bas\u0131n\u0131, Mirzakhani\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, birinci sayfadan, b\u00fcy\u00fck man\u015fetlerle ve bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k foto\u011fraflar\u0131yla duyurdu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mirzakhani\u2019nin, kendisi gibi Stanford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi olan, teorik bilgisayarbilimci ve uygulamal\u0131 matematik\u00e7i e\u015fi Jan Vondr\u00e1k\u2019dan olan k\u0131z\u0131 Anahita, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan bir erkekden do\u011fmu\u015f olmas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, \u0130ran yasalar\u0131 gere\u011fi \u0130ran pasaportu alam\u0131yordu. Mirzakhani\u2019nin vefat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 60 milletvekili, \u0130ranl\u0131 anneleri olan \u00e7ocuklara \u0130ran vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilmesine izin veren yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesinin h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti.<\/p>\n

Son olarak Mirzakhani\u2019nin bir s\u00f6yle\u015fide, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ABD\u2019de s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor olmas\u0131n\u0131n belli ki otomatik olarak \u0130ran ele\u015ftirisi getirece\u011fini sanan muhabire yan\u0131t\u0131ndan al\u0131nt\u0131yla anal\u0131 \u201c\u0130ran\u2019daki e\u011fitimin insanlar\u0131n kafalar\u0131nda canland\u0131rd\u0131g\u0131 imaja uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilirim. \u00dcniversiteye \u0130ran\u2019da giden bir kad\u0131n oldu\u011fumu ABD\u2019de anlatmak durumunda kald\u0131m birka\u00e7 kez. Evet k\u0131zlar ve erkekler ayr\u0131 okullara gidiyor, ama bu matematik olimpiyatlar\u0131na birlikte kat\u0131lmalar\u0131na engel de\u011fil. \u0130ran\u2019da ortaokulda problemlerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne odaklan\u0131r\u0131z.\u201d(6)<\/p>\n

Meryem Mirzakhani kimdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Meryem Mirzakhani, 3 May\u0131s 1977’de Tahran, \u0130ran\u2019da do\u011fdu. \u00c7ocukluk hayali yazar olmakt\u0131. Bilim merakl\u0131s\u0131 abisinden dinledi\u011fi Gauss\u2019un hen\u00fcz \u00e7ocukken 1\u2019den 100\u2019e kadar olan say\u0131lar\u0131 toplaman\u0131n k\u0131sa yolunu geli\u015ftirmesinin hik\u00e2yesiyle b\u00fcy\u00fclendikten sonra, matemati\u011fe ilgi duymaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1987\u2019de, yeniden olu\u015fturulan S\u0131rad\u0131\u015f\u0131 Yeteneklere Sahip \u00d6\u011frencileri Yeti\u015ftirme Program\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurdu\u011fu, iyi e\u011fitim verilen okullardan olan Ferzanegan Lisesi\u2019ne girdi. \u00a0Kad\u0131n olarak a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk engel, \u0130ran Uluslararas\u0131 Matematik Olimpiyat\u0131 Tak\u0131m\u0131\u2019na ilk kez giren iki k\u0131zdan biri olmas\u0131. Mirzakhani, bu tak\u0131mla birlikte girdi\u011fi olimpiyatlarda, 1994 ve 95 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, alt\u0131n madalya kazand\u0131. Liseden sonra, Tahran\u2019daki \u015eerif Teknoloji \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde matematik lisans e\u011fitimine ba\u015flad\u0131. 1999\u2019da mezun olduktan sonra, ABD\u2019ye giderek, Harvard \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde Fields Madalyal\u0131 matematik\u00e7i Curtis McMullen\u2019in dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fckseklisans ve doktoras\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. 2004\u2019de Clay Matematik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve Princeton \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesiydi. 2008\u2019de Stanford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde profes\u00f6r oldu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle hiperbolik geometri, ergodik teori, simplektik geometri ve Teichm\u00fcller teorisine odaklanan Mirzakhani, Riemann y\u00fczeylerinin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc olas\u0131 geometrilerini haritalayarak ve b\u00f6ylelikle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni alanlar\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131larla analiz ederek, bu sahada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan matematik\u00e7ilere yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rma alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda, 1936\u2019dan beri verilmekte olan, matemati\u011fin en prestijli \u00f6d\u00fcllerinden Fields Madalyas\u0131n\u0131 alan ilk kad\u0131n ve ilk \u0130ranl\u0131 oldu. \u00a040 ya\u015f gibi, zihinsel katk\u0131lar i\u00e7in alt\u0131n y\u0131llar say\u0131labilecek gen\u00e7 bir ya\u015fta aram\u0131zdan ayr\u0131lan Mirzakhani, bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurulmayacak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kay\u0131p olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Mirzakhani, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle 6 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ks\u00fcz kalan Anahita\u2019n\u0131n annesidir.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Nal\u00e2n Mahsereci, \u201cUzun e\u011fri yollar\u0131n azimli yolcusu: Meryem Mirzakhani\u201d, Bilim ve Gelecek, Say\u0131: 127, Eyl\u00fcl 2014, ss.68-71.<\/p>\n

2) \u00a0http:\/\/news.stanford.edu\/2017\/07\/15\/maryam-mirzakhani-stanford-mathematician-and-fields-medal-winner-dies\/<\/p>\n

3) http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/365-days-nature-s-10-1.16562<\/p>\n

4) http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/18946\/mirzakhani-matematikte-mukemmelligin-cografya-ve-cinsiyet-meselesi-olmadigini-hatirlatacak<\/p>\n

5) G\u00fclzerin K\u0131z\u0131ler, \u201cKim demi\u015f kad\u0131nlar matematik yapamaz diye!\u201d, Bilim ve Gelecek, Say\u0131: 3, May\u0131s 2004, ss.56-61.<\/p>\n

6) Mustafa K. Erdemol, \u201cMatemati\u011fin \u2018Mavi G\u00f6zl\u00fc Dev\u2019i \u00f6ld\u00fc\u201d, http:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber-detay\/matematigin-mavi-gozlu-dev-i-oldu-170328.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mirzakhani elinin hamuruyla erkek i\u015flerine giri\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7acak c\u00fcretiyle, b\u00fcy\u00fck sorular sormas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak c\u00fcretli hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcyle, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ufukta g\u00f6z\u00fckmese de sorular\u0131n ard\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7acak g\u00f6z\u00fc kara tutkusuyla; pek \u00e7ok erkek meslekta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 geride b\u0131rakacak azmi, ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla matematikte hayranl\u0131k uyand\u0131ran i\u015fler ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ve Fields Madalyas\u0131n\u0131 alan ilk kad\u0131n olmu\u015ftu. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u201cy\u00fcksek\u201d matematik yapabildi\u011finin en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":470,"featured_media":17555,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1125,25],"tags":[2095,2096],"class_list":["post-17552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-162-sayi","category-matematik","tag-kadin-matematikciler","tag-meryem-mirzakhani"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t