Erken topluluklarda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n rol\u00fcne \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, tarih\u00f6ncesinde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n tar\u0131m ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015fleri sayesinde, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn se\u00e7kin k\u00fcrek tak\u0131m\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131ndan bile daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kollara sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Eski kemikler \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan analiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, ortalama olarak M\u00d6 5300\u2019den MS 100\u2019e kadar s\u00fcren erken neolitik \u00e7a\u011f ve ge\u00e7 demir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n merkezinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n v\u00fccutlar\u0131nda, elle yap\u0131lan tar\u0131m\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardan Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Dr. Alison Macintosh, \u201cTah\u0131l \u00f6\u011f\u00fcten kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kemiklerinin, ancak kollar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde saatlerce, tekrar tekrar kullanarak geli\u015ftirebilece\u011finiz kemikler oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ayn\u0131 zamanda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kol g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin, muhtemelen teknolojinin geli\u015fmesi, el eme\u011finin azalmas\u0131yla zamanla zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Orta\u00e7a\u011fda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kol kemiklerinin g\u00fcc\u00fc, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ortalama bir kad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n kol kemi\u011fi g\u00fcc\u00fcyle ayn\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, erkeklerin bacak kemikleri \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan \u00f6nceki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda, ge\u00e7 demir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan itibaren erkeklerin bacak kemi\u011fi g\u00fcc\u00fcnde azalma oldu\u011funu da ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Macintosh \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: \u201cErken \u00e7a\u011fda tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015fan erkeklerin bacak g\u00fc\u00e7lerini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn erkeklerinin bacaklar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ko\u015fucular\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz bacaklara \u00e7ok yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu demektir ki, ger\u00e7ekten aktiftiler. Cambridge\u2019deki hareketsiz oturan lisans \u00f6\u011frencilerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, kemik g\u00fcc\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekten bir azalma oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz.\u201d<\/p>\n
Benzer e\u011filimlerin kad\u0131nlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesiyle beraber Macintosh ve meslekta\u015flar\u0131 kemik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, erken tar\u0131m toplumlar\u0131nda kad\u0131n\u0131n rol\u00fcne dair ba\u015fka ipucu sunup sunamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya karar verdi. Bunu yapmak i\u00e7in, Almanya, Avusturya ve Kuzey S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n da i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde, erken neolitik \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerden (M\u00d6 5300 y\u0131llar\u0131na tarihlenir) 9. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi 6000 y\u0131la uzanan 94 kemik kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Ek olarak tak\u0131m, d\u00f6rt gruba ay\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 83 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz kad\u0131n\u0131 kemiklerini de inceledi: Gruplar, ko\u015fucular, k\u00fcrek\u00e7iler, futbolcular ve hi\u00e7 sporla ilgilenmeyenlerden olu\u015fuyordu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar iki kemi\u011fin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffetti: Kavalkemi\u011fi (incikkemi\u011fi) ve kolun \u00fcst taraf\u0131nda bulunan uzun kemik olan paz\u0131kemi\u011fi.<\/p>\n
Macintosh, tak\u0131m\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 neden erkek kemikleri \u00fczerinde yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda, ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 cinsiyet farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re yapmaktansa kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ya\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yapmay\u0131 daha \u00f6nemli bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u201cAktiviteler \u00e7ok benzer olsa bile, erkekler kad\u0131nlara g\u00f6re yapt\u0131klar\u0131 aktiviteye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak kemiklerini daha \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyorlar.\u201d Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, modern kad\u0131nlarla yap\u0131lan k\u0131yaslamalar \u00fczerinden baz\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin hormonsal do\u011fum kontrol haplar\u0131 belirli kemikleri etkileyebiliyor.<\/p>\n
Science Advances<\/em> dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan sonu\u00e7lar, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kemiklerinin neolitik \u00e7a\u011fdan ge\u00e7 demir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na kadar g\u00fc\u00e7 konusunda farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131: K\u00fcrek\u00e7ilerden, futbol oyuncular\u0131ndan ve atletik olmayan kad\u0131nlardan sol kollar\u0131yla, son iki gruptan da sa\u011f kollar\u0131yla daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fcler. Asl\u0131nda, neolitik kad\u0131nlar\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn atletik olmayan kad\u0131nlar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 30 daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kollara sahipti.<\/p>\n \u201cOnlar\u0131n ilk 5500 y\u0131ll\u0131k tar\u0131m ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fundan, k\u00fcrek\u00e7iler de dahil, daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kemikleri oldu\u011funu ger\u00e7ekten g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u201d diyor Macintosh. \u201cOrta \u00e7a\u011f kad\u0131nlar\u0131, bu ilk \u00e7a\u011f kad\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha zay\u0131f kemiklere sahipti. Onlar daha \u00e7ok modern, yenilenmi\u015f aktif kad\u0131nlar gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n Tah\u0131llar\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fcrken ta\u015f aletler kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kemik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin geli\u015fiminde ana fakt\u00f6r olmas\u0131 muhtemelken, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, \u00e7\u00f6mlek\u00e7ilik, mahsulleri ekmek, hasat yapmak ve \u00e7iftlik hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 otlatmak gibi di\u011fer a\u011f\u0131r u\u011fra\u015flar\u0131n da buna katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini ekliyorlar.<\/p>\n Macintosh, bulgular\u0131n kad\u0131nlar\u0131n zor ya\u015famlar\u0131na ve \u00e7ift\u00e7i toplumlar\u0131ndaki rollerine de \u0131\u015f\u0131k tuttu\u011funu belirtiyor: \u201cKad\u0131nlar binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar ve bu \u015fimdiye kadar ger\u00e7ekten hafife al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz kad\u0131nlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k,\u201d diyor, \u201cBu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fudur ki, \u015fimdiye kadar arkeoloji m\u00fczesi kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda saklananlar\u0131 kad\u0131nlar yap\u0131yordu.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Erken topluluklarda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n rol\u00fcne \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, tarih\u00f6ncesinde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n tar\u0131m ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015fleri sayesinde, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn se\u00e7kin k\u00fcrek tak\u0131m\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131ndan bile daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kollara sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Eski kemikler \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan analiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, ortalama olarak M\u00d6 5300\u2019den MS 100\u2019e kadar s\u00fcren erken neolitik \u00e7a\u011f ve ge\u00e7 demir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n merkezinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n v\u00fccutlar\u0131nda, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":929,"featured_media":17964,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2147,211,19,32],"tags":[200,230,2151],"class_list":["post-17963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-167-sayi","category-antropoloji","category-bilim-gundemi","category-evrim","tag-evrim","tag-insanlik-tarihi","tag-tarihoncesi-kadinlar"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t